The impossible verb is conjugated in the same manner. On comparing the above with the conjugation of low, it will be seen that when, in the latter,, is inserted after the root in the first present and second imperfect, it is omitted in the negative verb or is changed into. The verbs etmek and d ilmek are used with nouns to form compound verbs: hazer etmek, to prepare; teshkur etmek, to thank; do sagh etmek, to 5 turk etmek, to abandon. faideh, profit, bu faideh ilmek, to gain some advantage, to In the conjugation of the is changed into in the present and imperfect and future indicative, also in the subjunctive and present conditional: Ex.lider, he does; iderdim, I did. The imperative is .it ایت .itsoon ايتسون .idehlim ایدهلم .itsines ايتسكز .itsoonler ايتسونلر For dir, the third person singular of dimek, to say, not unfrequently ider is used. VOCABULARY. .yarin, tomorrow يارين ,gir getmek, to return كيروكتمك to go back. .ishitmek, to hear ايشتمك .khidmetkiar, servant خدمتکار هیچ .dun, yesterday دون .satmak, to sell ماتم de gezmek, to walk. EXERCISE X. یکرمی برکون بر كويده يمورطهنك طوقساني اون غروسه الدم دون بولیدم یارین شهرده .کلمیهجکم او غلام او که واردی قيزك انى اوطهیه کوترر برشی ویرمدی اتمكجی ایمن ایتمکه شهردن کلیور یارین اما كيرو كتمك استر. سزه ارپه کتور مدم دون بازارده ایو ارپه ماتلمدم. اوقومقه وقتم اولدی بر از کزمکه استرم حاضر میسکز بو ادم يولنه ماتمقه کیدر ایکن بر سمز قاز کوروب المقه استردى اما قاز صاحبی استرمدی شهره کلرم نه اولا جغنی بلمم قاچ انك چایرده کوردکمی. اکا بو ادم بر کودکن یوز ایدر و بيك ايدر نه قدر بن دیدم فایده ایلمدی اما هیچ One day when I was returning from your house I met your sister on the road. I wish to go to town to-morrow to buy five horses. I saw a man yesterday in the market preparing barley for sale. Will you come to your brother's house to-morrow? I do not know, when I come back from the market I may not have time. If have time come. f you should The power, possibility or impossibility, necessity, desirability of an action is expressed by the use of mumken, Jö kabul, possible, or gerek, necessary, with the substantive verb. .moomlin deyel im, I am not able ممکن دکلم When these are followed by a verb, the verb may be placed in the subjunctive, and is preceded by : Ex. saw seveh, he must have. Without the it is written gerek keh seveh gerek, and has the same meaning. اول قتل It is more commonly, however, in the infinitive; as .ol katib oolinmak gerek dir, he must be killed اولنمق كرك در It will be remembered that the impossibility of performing an action may be expressed by the verb terminating in d, etc. It is to be noted that cabuly is sometimes used for the substantive kabillek, possibility. kabily yok, there is no possibility, instead of J kabil deyel dir, it is not possible. در da bilmek, to know, is used to express possibility, power, etc. When used in this sense, the verb which in English follows it, is placed first, and is in the subjunctive. From nouns substantive and adjective by the addition of, ät, joi, äo), l, verbs are formed. j tuz, salt; In some cases one letter or more of the word is changed or retrenched buyuk, do, buyumek, to increase; from kutchuklek, smallness, kutchuklenmek, to kutchukletmek, "to make little: from bashlamak, to begin. become little, bash, a head, In some words the final letter of the noun is changed in forming شهرة كتمكة استرم اما ممکن دکل در اوغلانمي اتمك ويرلنی کتورمکه ممکنمی در بو بر قیرلهمز طاش در قارند شمك اشتدوككز زمان اومه کل زیرا شهره كلمكم كرك در بوکون چقمش ایدم چایره بو ادم اومه كلوب چاغرمقه بشلدی. کلوب اتلرمی بوله بلردم چاغرلمیان یرده كويك کلوب کیر همزز و في الحال اوكه كيتدم. شهره اگر بو يوك سكا ادمه دیمشم وان چوق بلن ادم چون سویلمز بو اغرایسه بكا خبر ايله كمسه خلقك دلندن خلاص اولمز. كيم بری کیم اکاری دیر. POST-POSITIONS. The particle supplying the place of the preposition in English follows the words governed by them in the Turkish language. dan, used in forming the locative and ablative cases, are examples of them. Those most commonly in use are— دن deh and ده Of these, the first four govern the nominative, but the first three may take the genitive, those following them from (5) to (8) ;ake the dative, the last three take the ablative. illeh is used to denote the instrument with which an act ایله is performed: kalem illeh yazdem, I wrote with a pen. exema yikin, near اومه یقین benden sonra, after me بندن صکره my house. تا ياربيه دك: ta often precedes the word followed by de تا the ta yariyeh dek, as much as a half. Though without the meaning would be the same. is, in fact, a Persian preposi تا The . دك tion with the same meaning as babam itchun, on account of my father. This بابام ایچون .babam ایچون : particle also goes with verbs gurmek itchen, in كورمك ايچون order to see; sueldek itchun, from having spoken. The following particles are of the same class as the above, but they can take pronominal affixes, and are then declinable : .ara, among ارا .alt, under ارت .itchery, in ایچرو .ard, behind ارد .alery, before ایلرو اوك ايجروسنه كيرمك ;aramizdan, from among us ارامدن .Ex even itcherusineh germek, to go in the house. A few foreign prepositions are in use:— jaz, from. ba, with. به beh, in. by, without. TALE III. خبر انك بر اشکی وارایدی دایمه دانا 2 پیر وارایدی و بو شهرده بر بو بنم اشكم شاهك وزير لرندن و عاقلدر دیردی بر کون بو ایدردی که شاهك * قولاغنه ایرشدی پس شاه اول پیری حاضر قلدردی و دیدی نیچون بو مالایعنی سوزی سویلرسن پیر دیدی ای شاه بو سوزك معنیسی وار مالایعنی دکلدر 10 غایت تجربهم واردر اگر شاه 12 قاقمزایسه بن اول اشکمه 14 شاه ایت دیدی پیرایتدی ای شاه بر کون بن کو پریدن کچردم 7 ناگاه ایاغی بر دلوکه کچدی سرنکون بنوب بر کوپریدن كبة بارکه 24 9 13 15 دیدیم 23 محمد حیله ایله 22 خلاص 22 ایلدی " يقلدى "هزار "حيله ايلة اول کوپری دن کچر دلکه 2 یقین وارميوب 20 ايراقدن 27 25 28 26 29 29 19 ای شاه سنك اشکم بركز دوشمکده وزير لرك هر زمان طوتوب مالنى الورسن 20 عزل ” ایدرسن کیمینی قورقمیوب کنه کچر بنم اولدررسن اما ايرق اول دلوکدن کی intelligent بنم اشكم 7 caused to come into his presence 12 should not be angry 13 (I will say) that I may say 15 mounting 16 passed over fell down in a heap Many substantives and adjectives are used as adverbs : getcheh, a little کیچه .boogoon, to-day بوكون .Ex Adverbs may be formed by the addition of dje to nouns: |