a

Regretfully I pass without even a glance that very interesting page in national history that comprises the story of Indiana building as political factor in nation building; the equally interesting struggle that took place upon Indiana soil when the mother country a second time tried the issue of arms with the new-born republic: I come down for a finale in this retrospect to the year 1810, when the casting vote ot James Beggs irrevocably dedicated Indiana to freedom, and made the even semblance of slavery forever an impossibility within the territory.

The whole line of decrees, statutes, cessions, compacts, decisions, and acts, that for a quarter of a century molded Indiana as a potter molds the clay, this matter of the exclusion of all forms

of slavery, which culminated in the year last named in the destruction of the "indenture act," was the beginning of the doing for California, that is to be credited to Indiana. For the struggle to retain slavery upon Indiana soil, was defeated by reason of the incoming into the upper Whitewater valley of the tide of immigration from the South of the descendants of the Huguenots, and the those other slavery haters from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the farther North. This defeat, Mr. Dunn shows beyond possibility of denial, was not only one of the tap-roots of our national growth, but a chief agency in molding our maturer stature as a nation. Even long after, in 1850, the debate on the California bill of the question as to slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico was settled by citation of the history of congressional refusal to admit slavery into Indiana, and of its people's refusal to perpetuate so much of the institution as had taken root there. that if Indiana had done nothing else for California it made it a Free State.

So

Admitted to the Union in 1816, with but a handful of pioneers, Indiana has expanded to a leading State of over two and a quarter millions of people. Cities elbow for place within her borders; towns and villages literally lie within sight of each other from the Ohio to the Great Lakes, railroads gridiron her surface, and the satisfying murmur of her industries pervades the air from the southerly sweep of Lake Michigan to the valley of the White Water, which Edward Eggleston, the distinguished writer, himself a Hoosier, declares has given more literary men to the nation than any other territory of like extent in the United States.

No other commonwealth has a superior school system; no other community has made such large contribution, propor

tioned to numbers, to the cause of education. Her State banking system which without the loss of a reef point weathered the storms of 1857, when most of the financial institutions of the West went to the wall, expired by limitation, and left to the common school system earnings of such magnitude as to endow the free schools more than lavishly. Her educational institutions

have given forth

some of the best

and brightest minds that have served the nation.

Nearly 13,000 manufacturing establishments stand to her industrial credit, representing an aggregated invested capital of over $140,000,000, and a wage output of over $65,000,000 annually, with a manufacturing production of more than $260,000,000.

And this little State has given to California three governors, two United States Senators, three justices of the Supreme Bench, two Attorney Generals, a Secretary of State,

Photo by MacMillan.

Judges for the Federal and State bench in large number, publicists, educators, scores of clergymen of distinguished ability, physicians, merchants, soldiers, lawyers, agriculturists, manufacturers, editors, men of affairs: transcontinental railway builders, poets, and scholars, and these from a State so limited in area that

fords, Ridgeways, and a host of their fellows, who are men that stand for the material Indiana has builded into the substance of California.' John McDougal, born in Ohio, transplanted to Indiana,

and there developed, took up her arms in the war with Mexico as a Captain of Indiana Volunteers, returned to civic walks with honors, served the State in a civil position with credit, came to California in 1848, sat in our first constitutional convention, became our first lieutenant governor, and in 1851, the Chief Magis

trate of California. J. Neely Johnson, born in Gibson County in 1825, represented Sacramento in the Legislature of 1853, sat in the constitutional convention of Nevada, after becoming governor of California in 1855, and honored the Supreme bench of the Silver State as one of I regret that prepared sketches of the careers of all the men mentioned in this article must be omitted.

its Justices. Newton Booth, the most scholarly and eloquent of our governors, born in Washington County, Indiana, was graduated from Asbury in 1846, came to California in 1850, was a State Senator fn 1862, was elected governor in 1871, and became United States Senator in 1873. He was of positive convictions, fearless in expression, dignified, genial, scholarly, of poetical temperament, a well read lawyer, a successful merchant, followed politics, but not as a vocation, and was an orator of rare graces. Without being trivial, Indiana may lay the further claims that one other of California's governors, Pacheco, chose his wife from among Hoosier maids, and another was given to this State by "The Indiana Colony."

To the California Supreme Bench Indiana contributed Chief Justice A. L. Rhodes, who, though not a native Indianian, won his first laurels and developed at the Bloomfield bar and came thence to honor California with distinguished citizenship. She sent from Switzerland County J. D. Works to the same bench, who fought with distinction in the 10th Indiana Cavalry, served a term in the legislature, came to California in 1883, and soon thereafter ascended the bench. E. B. Crocker, Supreme Justice of California (1883), was in the best sense Indianian, for this distinguished lawyer whose wealth has visited upon Sacramento a benediction of Art, came into that State in youth, studied law at South Bend, came to the bar in 1842, left for California in 1852, was identified with the schemes of the great railroad builders, was an active spirit in the cause of freedom, and served with distinction in his profession, State and private interests.

Governor H. G. Blaisdel, of Oakland, is a son of Indiana. Born in Dearborn County, he came to California in

Pasadena-Markham. The Crocker Art Gallery.

1852, and in 1864, was chosen the first Governor of Nevada, and was honored with a second term.

W. C. Hendricks was an Indianian, closely related to the late Governor and Vice-President Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana. He came to California in 1849, and after some fluctuation settled in Butte County, where as the head of a party of Indiana capitalists he developed the Hendricks mine. He was elected to the State Senate in 1873, was appointed Prison Director in 1883, visited the East and filed an able report as Penological Commissioner in 1885, was elected Secretary of State in 1886, and at the time of his death in 1892, was President of the Indiana Association of California. The present Secretary of State, L. H. Brown, while a "Native Son," is proud of the fact that he was born of an Indiana mother. A. L. Hart, one of the leading lawyers of California, is a native of Bloomfield, Indiana, and served with distinction as Attorney General. G. A. Johnson, came out of Indiana, where he held a position on the bench of one of the most important Judicial Circuits, the 17th.

Gen. John F. Miller, lawyer, statesman, soldier, business man, was born in South Bend, Indiana, in 1831, came to California in 1852 for three years, returned to Indiana and in 1860, was elected to the State Senate, but resigned to take the field, and was soon in command of the famous "fighting" Twentyninth regiment. He was wounded at Stone River, and for gallantry was made Brigadier General. In the battle of Liberty Gap he lost an eye. He was breveted Major General in 1865, declined a colonelcy in the regular Army, and in that year returned to California. He was made Collector of the Port of San Francisco, organized the Alaska Fur Company, was a Republican Presidental

elector three times, was a member of the constitutional convention of 1879, and was elected to the United States Senate in 1881. His record was a brilliant

one.

Probably the most beautiful city of which California boasts, noted for the high moral tone of the community, its wealth and refinement, and that eisure, which is the product of industriously amassed wealth and economic methods is Pasadena. It is the creature of Indiana far-seeing, enterprise, and investment, for it was originally the "Indiana. Colony" organized in Indianapolis in 1872, by twenty-seven such spirits as T. B. Elliott, J. M. Matthews, Erie Locke, J. H. Beker, O. O. Porter, P. M. Green, W. B. Kimball, H. Ruddell, Calvin Fletcher, J. S. Baker, D. M. Berry, and Thos. F. Croft, the latter becoming the grantee for a remnant of the San Pascual Rancho, the consideration being $25,000.

Mr. Croft, the original grantee, left La Porte, the birth place of the compiler of these sketches,- for California. in 1857, but returned to serve his country in arms during the rebellion. He is

a representative business man of varied capacity and acquirements, and still a citizen of the lovely place he was instrumental in founding. O. R. Dougherty, founder of South Pasadena in 1885, is a native of Wayne County, Indiana, a member of the Indiana Bar, one time Clerk of Morgan County, a member of the Indiania legislature for several terms, in California twice a Congressional nominee, has been, besides lawyer and legislator, also trader, farmer, and editor, and is now devoted to that artistic and refining branch of agriculture, fruit growing. Intensely Californian this descendant of Irish-English-Southern stock, is passionate in his remembrances of Ind

Joaquin Miller, Poet of the Sierras, miner, messenger, traveler, lawyer, judge, dramatist, editor, teacher, sweet singer, is a native of Indiana. General Burnside, his cousin, always told the poet, that he was born in the same house in Liberty, Union County, in which the General saw the light. A great deal wholly fanciful and fictitious has been written about Mr. Miller by those who have taken his lines literally, and he confesses that he has often led sensational scribblers on, but denies that he ever

The

was the renegade of the romances. His father, one of the gentlest of human beings, lived seventy years among savages and yet never had occasion to fire a gun or utter a harsh word. The Poet "takes" more after his paternal grandfather, who fighting, fell with Tecumseh at the battle of the Thames under Harrison. The grandson took to arms and roving and as early as 1855, was shot down in battle, and when but seventeen, lost the use of an arm from iujuries received in the Pitt River Expedition' It must suffice to say that the Poet now and for so many years a Californian, is not the less an Indianian, and recalls the days of his boyhood in the Hoosier State in fascinating recital. That he had hardy Hoosier-Californians in mind, is not improbable, when he read at the last pioneer reunion in San Francisco, the poem from which I select this apostrophe:

My brave world-builders of a world
That tops the keystone, star of States,
All hail! Your battle flags are furled
In fruitful peace. The golden gates
Are won. The jasper wall be yours.
Your sun sinks down yon soundless shores.
Night falls. But lo! your lifted eyes
Greet gold outcroppings in the skies.

Of the great railway builders, I credit Charles Crocker to Indiana. Entering the State in boyhood, he there suffered his earliest reverses, overcame apparently unsurmountable difficulties that would have cowed a less determined nature, developed the manhood that made him what he rose to be, and coming to California, carved out for this State and himself the beginning of the destiny that is written in the great railway system of California, and that linked the Pacific and the Atlantic inseparably in

1 The first battle has been graphically described by Captain Gilson, who led it, in Frank Leslie's Monthly, March, 1891, p. 272. In the OVERLAND, Volume for 1871-72, Mr. Miller says there is an honest account concerning him by his political enemy, whom he defeated for Judge of Grant County, Oregon.

the bond of loyalty and commercial colleagueship. leagueship. The shafts of envy, the darts of jealousy and uncharitableness, dulled by the years will leave his name undimmed, as one of the foremost builders of the commonwealth.

S. M. and C. M. Shortridge, of San Francisco, one the lawyer and the other the journalist, amongst the foremost in their walks, were born of Indiana parentage. Their sister. Mrs. Foltz, still more fortunate, is a native Indianian. One of these has said with deep feeling, "If each in his or her way has done something for California, the credit is due to Old Indiana, the birth place of our dear parents, and their home."

I have chosen as a typical merchant given by Indiana to California, T. M. Lindley of Sacramento. Born in Orange County in 1819, he came to California in 1849, from Terre Haute, settled in our Capital city to merchandising, and is distinguished for manly qualities, fine citizenship and uprightness, and as the oldest jobbing grocer of the Coast.

Hon. A. J. Buckles, born near Muncie, was one of the famous Iron Brigade, was shot through the body at the wilderness, through the thigh at Second Bull Run, in the shoulder at Gettysburg, and left a leg on the field before Petersburg Congress voted him a medal for gallantry. He has been five years District Attorney of Solano County, and ten years its Superior Judge, has held the chief office in the G. A. R., and in one of the leading confraternities of the country. Like many another Indianian who battled against slavery, his family came up out of the south land.

Indiana's bounty to the bench has not. stopped with Rhodes, Crocker, and Buckles. Among the many others passing the group in earlier judicial history, I cannot fail to name Hon. Lucien Shaw of the Superior Court of Los Angeles, a