in the ordinary course of business, must be reported in the disclosure reports (8301(e); (f)).

The term "person" is defined in Title III to mean an individual, partnership, committee, association, corporation, labor organization, and any other organization or group of persons (§ 301 (h)).

An additional term, "supervisory officer," which does not appear in Title II is defined in Title III to mean the Secretary of the Senate with respect to candidates for U.S. Senator, the Clerk of the House of Representatives with respect to Representatives in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, Congress, and the Comptroller General of the United States for candidates for President and Vice President (§ 301(g)).

Officers of political committees. Every political committee must have a chairman and a treasurer. No contribution shall be accepted or made by or on behalf of a political committee at a time when there is a vacancy in the office of chairman or treasurer, or their designated agents (§ 302(a)).

Reports of contributions accepted on behalf of a committee must be made to the treasurer of a political committee by every person who receives a contribution in excess of $10 for a political committee. Such report must be made on demand of the treasurer, and in any event within 5 days after receipt of such contribution, to the treasurer in the form of a detailed account, including the amount, the name and address (occupation and principal place of business if any) of the person making such contribution, and the date on which received (§ 302 (c)). Committee funds must be kept segregated from and not commingled with, any personal funds of officers, members, or associates of such committee (§ 302 (c)).

Treasurer of political committee must keep certain accounts.—It shall be the duty of the treasurer of a political committee to keep detailed and exact accounts of (1) all contributions made to or for such committee; (2) the full name and mailing address (occupation and the principal place of business, if any) of every person making a contribution in excess of $10, and the date and amount thereof; (3) all expenditures made by or on behalf of such committee; and (4) the full name and mailing address (occupation and the principal place of business, if any) of every person to whom any expenditure is made, the date and amount thereof and the name and address of, and the office sought by, each candidate on whose behalf such expenditure was made (§ 302(c)). The treasurer must also obtain and keep a receipted bill stating the particulars for every expenditure made by or on behalf of a political committee in excess of $100 in amount, and for any expenditure in a lesser amount, if the aggregate of such expenditures to the same person during a calendar year equals $100 (§ 302(c)).

Notices which political committees must place on their campaign material (in addition to the identification of the source of the material as required by 18 U.S.C. § 612).-All political committees which solicit funds must include on the face or front page of all literature and advertisements soliciting funds the following notice: "A copy of our report filed with the appropriate supervisory officer is (or will be) available for purchase from the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402" (§ 302 (f)(1); (f)(2)(A); (B)). Political committees which are not authorized in writing by the candidate who they desire to assist must place a

notice on the face or front page, of all literature and advertisements published in connection with such candidate's campaign by such committee, or on its behalf, stating that the committee is not authorized by such candidate and that such candidate is not responsible for the activities of such committee (§ 302(e)).

Registration of political committees; statements which must be filed.— Each political committee which contributes to a candidate for U.S. Representative and which anticipates receiving contributions or making expenditures during the calendar year in an aggregate amount exceeding $1,000 shall file with the Clerk of the House of Representatives a statement of organization (§ 303(a)).

When such statements must be filed.-Political committees described above must file with the Clerk of the House of Representatives within 10 days after its organization, or, if later, 10 days after the date on which it has information which causes the committee to anticipate it will receive contributions or make expenditures in excess of $1,000. Each committee in existence on February 7, 1972 (the date of the enactment of P.L. 92-225) must file a statement of organization with the Clerk of the House of Representatives at such time as he prescribes. By regulation, the Clerk of the House of Representatives has prescribed that registration statements of political committees which were in existence on February 7, 1972 must be filed not later than April 17, 1972 (118 Congressional Record, page S4787, March 24, 1972). Any change in the information given in the registry statement must be reported to the Clerk of the House of Representative within 10 days of the change (§ 303(b)).

Information which must be given in the registration statement.-The statement of organization of political committees shall include (1) the name and address of the committee; (2) the names, addresses, and relationships of affiliated or connected organizations; (3) the area, scope, or jurisdiction of the committee; (4) the name, address, and position of the custodian of books and accounts; (5) the name, address, and position of other principal officers, including officers and members of the finance committee, if any; (6) the name, address, office sought, and party affiliation of (A) each candidate whom the committee is supporting, and (B) any other individual, if any, whom the committee is supporting for nomination for election, or election, to any public office whatever; or, if the committee is supporting the entire ticket of any party, the name of the party; (7) a statement whether the committee is a continuing one; (8) the disposition of residual funds which will be made in the event of dissolution; (9) a listing of all banks, safety deposit boxes, or other repositories used; (10) a statement of the reports required to be filed by the committee with State or local officers; and, if so, the names and addresses, and positions of such persons; and (11) such other information as shall be required by the Clerk of the House of Representatives (§ 303(b)).

A committee which has registered with the Clerk of the House of Representatives but which is no longer subject to these disclosure requirements, because it has disbanded or because it will not receive $1,000 in a calendar year, must notify the Clerk of the House of Representatives (§ 303(b)).

Disclosure reports which must be filed by political committees supporting candidates for U.S. Representative and by candidates for U.S. Representative; Who must file.—Each candidate for U.S. Representative

must file a report (§ 304(a)). Each treasurer of a political committee supporting a candidate for U.S. Representative must file a report unless specifically exempted by the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The Clerk of the House of Representatives may, by published regulation of general applicability, relieve any category of political committees of the obligation to comply with the filing requirements if such committee (1) primarily supports persons seeking State or local office, and does not substantially support candidates for U.S. Representative, and (2) does not operate in more than one State or on a statewide basis (§§ 304(a); 306(c)).

With whom disclosure reports must be filed.-Political committees supporting candidates for U.S. Representative, and, candidates for U.S. Representative, must file reports with the Clerk of the House of Representatives (§ 303 (a)). Committees which support not only candidates for U.S. Representative but candidates for other Federal offices as well must file reports not only with the Clerk of the House of Representatives but also with the other supervisory officers (see instructions on the form issued by the Clerk of the House of Representatives for the registration of political committees. A copy of this form appears in 118 Congressional Record, page S5074 (daily edition, March 29, 1972)).

When disclosure reports must be filed.-Reports must be filed on the 10th day of March, June, and September in each year and on the 15th and 5th days next preceding the date of the election, and by January 31 next following the election (§ 304(a)). In addition, any contribution of $5,000 or more (including a transfer of funds from a candidate or committee) which is received after the closing date prescribed for books for the last report prior to an election shall be reported to the Clerk of the House of Representatives within 48 hours of its receipt. Such contributions shall be reported to the Clerk of the House of Representatives by telegraph or by hand-delivered letter and must be again reported in the next periodic report due under the law (§ 304 (a)) and the instructions on the disclosure report forms, see 118 Congressional Record, page S5079 (daily edition, March 29, 1972).

Cut-off date for information reported. Information given in the periodic reports shall be complete as of the close of the next preceding month and in the preelection reports, the information shall be complete as of midnight of the 7th day next preceding the filing date. (See instructions on the form issued by the Clerk of the House of Representatives for reporting receipts and expenditures reproduced in 118 Congressional Record, page S5079 (daily edition, March 29, 1972).)

What must be reported. Each report filed with the clerk of the House of Representatives must disclose (1) the amount of cash on hand at the beginning of the reporting period; (2) the full name and mailing address (occupation and the principal place of business, if any) of each person who has made one or more contributions to or for such committee or candidate (including the purchase of tickets of events such as dinners, luncheons, rallies, and similar fundraising events) within the calendar year in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $100 together with the amount and date of such contributions; (3) the total sum of individual contributions made to or for such committee or candidate during the reporting period and not reported under paragraph (2); (4) the name and address of each political committee or candidate from which the reporting committee or the candidate received, or to

which that committee or candidate made, any transfer of funds, together with the amounts and dates of all transfers; (5) each loan to or from any person within the calendar year in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $100, together with the full names and mailing address (occupations and the principal places of business, if any) of the lenders and endorsers, if any, and the date and amount of such loans; (6) the total amount of proceeds from (A) the sale of tickets to each dinner, luncheon, rally, and other fundraising event; (B) mass collections made at such events; and (C) sales of items such as political campaign pins, buttons, flags, emblems, hats, banners, literature, and similar materials; (7) each contribution, rebate, refund, or other receipt in excess of $100 not otherwise listed under paragraphs (2) through (6); (8) the total sum of all receipts by or for such committee or candidate during the reporting period; (9) the full name and mailing address (occupation and the principal place of business, if any) of each person to whom expenditures have been made by such committee or on behalf of such committee or candidate within the calendar year in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $100, the amount, date, and purpose of each such expenditure and the name and address of, and office sought by, each candidate on whose behalf such expenditure was made; (10) the full name and mailing address (occupation and the principal place of business, if any) of each person to whom an expenditure for personal services, salaries, and reimbursed expenses in excess of $100 has been made, and which is not otherwise reported, including the amount, date, and purpose of such expenditure; (11) the total sum of expenditures made by such committee or candidate during the calendar year; (12) the amount and nature of debts and obligations owed by or to the committee, in such form as the supervisory officer may prescribe and a continuous reporting of their debts and obligations after the election at such periods as the Clerk of the House of Representatives may require until such debts and obligations are extinguished; and (13) such other information as shall be required by the Clerk of the House of Representatives (§ 304(b)).

Disclosure reports to be cumulative during the year to which they relate, but where there has been no change in an item reported during such year, only the amount need be carried forward. If no contributions or expenditures have been accepted or expended during the calendar year, the treasurer of the political committee, or candidate, shall file a statement to that effect (§ 304 (c)).

Disclosure reports which must be filed by others than political committees or candidates.-Every person (other than a political committee or candidate) who makes contributions or expenditures, other than by contribution to a political committee or candidate, in an aggregate amount in excess of $100 within a calendar year shall file with the supervisory officer a statement containing the information required by section 304. Statements required by this section shall be filed on the dates on which reports by political committees are filed, but need not be cumulative (§ 305).

Formal requirements respecting reports and statements required to be filed; verification.-Reports must be in form prescribed by the Clerk of the House of Representatives and verified by oath or affirmation before an officer authorized to administer oaths (§ 306 (a) (d)).

Copies must be preserved for six years from the date of filing (§ 306 (b)); Regulations issued by the Clerk of the House of Representatives, see 118 Congressional Record, page S4779 (daily edition, March 24, 1972).

Duties of the Clerk of the House of Representatives (as supervisory officer).-It shall be the duty of the supervisory officer

(1) to develop and furnish to the person required by the provisions of this Act prescribed forms for the making of the reports and statements required to be filed with him under this title; (2) to prepare, publish, and furnish to the person required to file such reports and statements a manual setting forth recommended uniform methods of bookkeeping and reporting; (3) to develop a filing, coding, and crossindexing system consonant with the purposes of this title; (4) to make the reports and statements filed with him available for public inspection and copying, commencing as soon as practicable but not later than the end of the second day following the day during which it was received, and to permit copying of any such report or statement by hand or by duplicating machine, as requested by any person, at the expense of such person: Provided, That any information copies from such reports and statements shall not be sold or utilized by any person for the purpose of soliciting contributions or for any commercial purpose; (5) to preserve such reports and statements for a period of ten years from date of receipt, except that reports and statements relating solely to candidates for the Senate shall be preserved for only five years from the date of receipt; (6) to compile and maintain a current list of all statements or parts of statements pertaining to each candidate; (7) to prepare and publish an annual report including compilations of (A) total reported contributions and expenditures for all candidates, political committees, and other persons during the year; (B) total amounts expended according to such categories as he shall determine and broken down into candidate, party, and nonparty expenditures on the National, State, and local levels; (C) total amounts expended for influencing nominations and elections stated separately; (D) total amounts contributed according to such categories of amounts as he shall determine and broken down into contributions on the National, State, and local levels for candidates and political committees; and (E) aggregate amounts contributed by any contributor shown to have contributed in excess of $100; (8) to prepare and publish from time to time special reports comparing the various totals and categories of contributions and expenditures made with respect to preceding elections; (9) to prepare and publish such other reports as he may deem appropriate; (10) to assure wide dissemination of statistics, summaries, and reports prepared under this title; (11) to make from time to time audits and field investigations with respect to reports and statements filed under the provisions of this title, and with respect to alleged failures to file any report or statement required under the provisions of this title; (12) to report apparent violations of law to the appropriate law enforcement authorities; and (13) to prescribe suitable rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this title (§ 308(a)).

The supervisory officer shall encourage, and cooperate with, the election officials in the several States to develop procedures which will eliminate the necessity of multiple filings by permitting the filing of copies of Federal reports to satisfy the State requirements (§ 308(b)).