BOOK FIFTH.

APPEALS FOR ANNULMENT OF JUDGMENT AND FOR REVIEW.

TITLE FIRST.

APPEALS FOR ANNULMENT OF JUDGMENT.

CHAPTER FIRST.

APPEALS FOR ANNULMENT OF JUDGMENT FOR VIOLATION OF LAW.

SECTION FIRST.— When the appeal lies.1

ART. 847. An appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law lies from all sentences rendered in first and last instance and at an oral and public trial by audiencias, and from those rendered in second. instance upon misdemeanors.

It does not lie from those rendered by the Supreme Court.

1 According to a decision of July 7, 1883, although an appeal for annulment of judgment serves as a remedy for particular prejudices, in addition to fulfilling the principal end of its institution, that is to say, to fix the interpretation of laws and the uniformity of their application, it is not licit for anyone, whatever be his momentary interest, to institute it in a capacity distinct from the one he had in the action, because otherwise this extraordinary measure, by which in every case the sovereignty of the law is maintained in the conditions proper to each proceeding, would be a means of disturbance. (Decision of July 7, 1883.)

Although in the cases specified by the laws in force, an appeal for annulment of judgment for breach of form may be allowed from decisions of courts upon questions of procedure, this appeal never lies from its essence and the precise conditions which are to serve as a ground therefor, violation of law. ( (Decision of July 10, 1883.)

The parties, in interposing an appeal for annulment of judgment after having accepted the facts which are stated in the sentence as being proved, must base their right upon the erroneous juridical and legal consideration which the same may have received; and as those which a sentence contains in which the person denounced is condemned as the author of a misdemeanor to the penalties of a fine and indemnity, and another person is declared liable for the latter in a subsidiary manner, they do not affect nor interest, except in so far as said subsidiary liability is concerned, anyone but the person denounced, the one subsidiarily liable, with the hope of success; nor can he or must he allege as a ground for his appeal violations based upon the supposition that said denounced person did not violate the law in committing the offence for which he was sentenced. (Decision of December 4, 1883.)

The law prohibits that any more serious classification be made or any heavier penalty be imposed than that which may have been the subject of the appeal, for which reason the Supreme Court, according to the precedents in such cases, does not allow the appeal. (Decision of December 14, 1883.)

The law does not authorize the proposition before the Supreme Court of new ques

ART. 848. Habrá lugar al recurso de casación de que habla el artículo anterior cuando la ley se hubiere infringido en las resoluciones siguientes de los tribunales:

1. En las sentencias definitivas.

2. En los autos de competencia.

3.o En los autos que resuelvan artículos de previo pronunciamiento en que se hayan admitido las excepciones de cosa juzgada, prescripción del delito ó de la pena, ó aplicación de amnistía ó indulto general. 4. En los autos de sobrescimiento. 1

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5. En los de no admisión de querella.

6. En los que se desestime el recurso de queja propuesto contra el auto en que se deniegue la apelación interpuesta por no admisión de la querella.

7. En los autos en que se conceda ó deniegue la declaración de pobreza.

8. En cualesquiera otros, respecto de los cuales se otorgue expresamente este recurso.

Para que pueda admitirse el recurso de casación por infracción de ley contra las resoluciones indicadas en los números anteriores, será necesario que sean definitivas, y además no se conceda contra ella ningún otro recurso ordinario.

ART. 849. Se entenderá que ha sido infringida una ley en la sentencia definitiva para el efecto de que pueda interponerse el recurso de casación: 3

1.o Cuando los hechos que en la sentencia se declaren probados sean alegar otras infracciones que las que se hayan cometido al resolver las cuestiones planteadas en los respectivos juicios. (Sentencia de 24 de Marzo de 1884.)

Las leyes civiles y de procedimiento no pueden servir de fundamento en materia penal á un recurso de casación por infracción de ley. (Sentencia de 7 de Junio de 1884.) 1Es imposible seguir la causa y celebrar el juicio oral sin que exista un sujeto determinado contra quien dirigir el procedimiento. Contra los autos de sobreseimiento libre fundados en esta razón, no procede el recurso. (Sentencia de 30 de Noviembre de 1886.)

No puede impugnarse el sobreseimiento libre en casación cuando el procedimiento no se ha dirigido contra persona determinada. (Sentencia de 7 de Enero de 1887.) 2 El núm. 8.o del artículo 848 de la vigente ley de enjuiciamiento criminal, en concordancia con el párrafo segundo del 853, se refiere á aquellos autos respecto de los cuales se otorgue expresamente el recurso de casación; pero tratándose de un auto relativo á diligencias de depósito acordado en un sumario sobre falsedad de un testamento, con el objeto, ya de conservar los bienes relictos por la persona de cuya sucesión se trata, ya de asegurar la responsabilidad civil de tercera persona, además de no tener por su índole carácter definitivo, no existe disposición alguna que autorice contra autos de esta clase el recurso de casación por infracción de ley. (Sentencia de 20 de Noviembre de 1883.

Para que pueda admitirse según la ley y la constante y repetida jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo el recurso de casación por infracción de ley, ha de fundarse en motivos que no impugnen ni contraríen los hechos que en la sentencia recaída se

ART. 848. The appeal for annulment of judgment referred to in the foregoing article lies when the law shall have been violated in the following decisions of courts:

1. In final sentences.

2. In decisions upon questions of jurisdiction.

3. In decisions upon preliminary exceptions by which the exceptions of res judicata, prescription of the crime or of the penalty, or the application of amnesty or general pardon shall have been admitted. 4. In decisions dismissing proceedings.1

5. In those not admitting a complaint.

6. In those disallowing an appeal in complaint interposed against a decision denying the appeal interposed for nonadmission of the complant.

7. In decisions granting or refusing a declaration of poverty.

8. In any other decisions with regard to which this appeal is expressly granted.

In order that an appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law may be granted from the decisions mentioned in the foregoing numbers, it shall be necessary that they be final, and, furthermore, that no other ordinary remedy is allowed against the same."

ART. 849. It shall be understood that a law has been violated in a final sentence for the effect of the interposition of an appeal for annulment of judgment:

1. When the acts which are declared proved in the sentence are tians, nor that other violations be alleged than those which may have been committed in deciding the questions arising in the respective actions. (Decision of March 24, 1884.)

Civil laws and procedure can not serve as a basis in criminal matters for an appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law. (Decision of June 7, 1884.)

1It is impossible to continue the cause and hold the oral trial without the existence of a specific subject against whom to conduct the proceeding. The appeal does not lie from decisions of absolute dismissal based upon this cause. (Decision of November 30, 1886.)

An absolute dismissal can not be impugned for annulment when the proceedings have not been directed against a specific person. (Decision of January 7, 1887.)

2 No. 8 of Art. 848 of the law of criminal procedure in force, in concordance with the second paragraph of Art. 853, relates to those decisions with regard to which the appeal for annulment of judgment is expressly granted; but with regard to a decision relating to proceedings upon a deposit ordered in a sumario upon the falsity of a will for the purpose of preserving the property left by the person whose succession is in question, or to assure the civil liability of a third person, in addition to its not having a final character on account of its nature, there exists no provision which authorizes an appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law from decisions of this character. (Decision of November 20, 1883.)

3 In order that, according to law and the constant and repeated jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, an appeal for annulment of judgment for a violation of law may be admitted it must be founded upon causes which do not impugn or are not in con

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calificados y penados como delitos ó faltas, no siéndolo, ó cuando se penen á pesar de existir una circunstancia eximente de responsabilidad consignen, ni las declaraciones que en virtud de los mismos contenga la expresada sentencia, si quiera haya sido sin la expresión terminante que la ley preceptúa y fuera del lugar en que según la misma ley corresponde que se hagan, lo cual no desvirtúa ni anula su eficacia. (Sentencia de 12 de Noviembre de 1883.)

Es inadmisible el recurso de casación por infracción de ley que se funda exclusivamente en la suposición de haberse cometido en la sustanciación de la causa varios defectos de procedimiento. (Sentencia de 14 de Noviembre de 1883.)

Las alegaciones en casación, si han de revestir todas las formalidades extrínsecas que la ley taxativamente señala, no han de discutir ni contrariar los hechos que como probados se han consignado en la sentencia objeto del debate, ni deducir de ellos consecuencias que no estén en armonía con lo que dictan la razón y el buen sentido. (Sentencia de 16 de Noviembre de 1883.)

Es inadmisible el recurso de casación en cuyo escrito de interposición se discute é impugna la declaración que la sala sentenciadora ha hecho de ser los indicios que recoge graves y concluyentes y cuya combinación convence de la culpabilidad del recurrente en concepto de encubridor del delito perseguido, sin que de ello quepa duda racional según el orden natural y ordinario de las cosas, lo cual se prohibe por la ley y por la constante jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo. (Sentencia de 27 de Noviembre de 1883.)

Tanto los distintos números del artículo 849 de la ley de enjuiciamento criminal, como la repetida jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo, exigen que las partes acepten sin discusión y como una verdad inconcusa los hechos que como probados se consignan en la sentencia recurrida. (Sentencia de 29 de Diciembre de 1883.)

Las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo no establecen en materia criminal doctrina cuya infacción dé lugar por sí sola al recurso de casación por infracción de ley. (Sentencia de 31 de Diciembre de 1883.)

Para la resolución del recurso por infracción de ley hay que partir necesaria y legalmente de los hechos que como probados haya admitido el tribunal a quo en los resultandos de su sentencia, pudiendo sólo haber lugar á recurrir á las explicaciones que sobre ellos se dé en los considerandos cuando en la consignación de los hechos se note deficiencia ó centradicción. (Sentencia de 5 de Enero de 1884.)

Es condición precisa para que pueda sustanciarse y discutirse un recurso de casación por infracción de ley, que la parte que lo deduzca no alegue hechos que la sala sentenciadora no haya estimado probados, ni derive consecuencias que no se originen lógica y racionalmente de esos mismos hechos probados. (Sentencia de 15 de Enero de 1884.)

No tienen apoyo ni se adapta á ninguno de los casos que señala el art. 349 de la ley de enjuiciamiento criminal, el agravio que se hace consistir en que el procesado ha sido condenado á una indemnización mayor que la suma en que consisten los perjuicios irrogados por el delito. (Sentencia de 19 de Septiembre de 1884.)

Las infracciones que se refieren á disposiciones concernientes al procesamiento, no pueden juzgarse como suficientes para servir de base al recurso de casación por infracción de ley, según se infiere del art. 849 de la de enjuiciamiento criminal y la doctrina que el Tribunal Supremo tiene establecida en muchas de sus sentencias. ( (Sentencia de 23 de Octubre de 1884.)

Según tiene declarado repetidamente el Tribunal Supremo, sólo procede el recurso de casación cuando se trata de infracciones de los artículos del código ó de otras disposiciones de carácter penal. (Sentencia de 19 de Noviembre de 1884.)

La supuesta infracción del art. 19 del código penal no se acomoda á ninguno de los

classified and punished as crimes or misdemeanors, not being such, or when they are punished notwithstanding the existence of a circumtravention of the facts embodied in the sentence, nor of the declarations which the said sentence may contain by virtue thereof, even though they shall have been made without the specific statement which the law prescribes and not in the place where, according to said law, they should be located, which does not annul their efficiency. (Decision of November 12, 1883.)

An appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law which is founded exclusively upon the supposition that several defects of procedure have been committed during the hearing of the cause does not lie. (Decision of November 14, 1883.)

The allegations in an appeal for annulment, if they are to embody all the extrinsic formalities which the law specifically prescribes, must not discuss nor contradict the acts which have been embodied as duly proved in the sentence which is the subject of the discussion nor deduce therefrom consequences not in harmony with reason and common sense. (Decision of November 16, 1883.)

An appeal for annulment of judgment which discusses and impugns the declaration which the sentencing chamber has made to the effect that the indications are grave and conclusive, and that their combination convinces of the guilt of the appellant as an accessory to the crime prosecuted without there being any reasonable doubt according to the natural and ordinary order of things, being prohibited by law and by the constant jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, is not admissible. (Decision of November 27, 1883.)

The different numbers of Art. 849 of the law of criminal procedure, as well as the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, require that the parties shall accept without argument and as an incontrovertible truth the facts which are stated as proved in the sentence appealed from. (Decision of December 29, 1883.)

The decisions of the Supreme Court do not establish in criminal matters any doctrine, the violation of which may give rise in itself to an appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law. ( (Decision of December 31, 1883.)

For the decision of an appeal for annulment of judgment for a violation of law, it is requisite to set out necessarily and legally from the acts which the court a quo may have admitted as proved in the resultandos of its sentence, it being possible only to avail oneself of the explanations given thereon in the considerandos when any deficiency or contradiction is noted in the statement of the facts. (Decision of Jannary 4, 1884.) It is a necessary condition in order that an appeal for annulment of judgment for a violation of law may be heard and discussed, that the party interposing the same shall not allege facts which the sentencing chamber shall not have considered proved, nor derive consequences which do not originate logically and rationally from said proven facts. (Decision of January 15, 1884.)

An injury consisting in that the accused has been condemned to an indemnity higher than the sum at which the damages caused by the crime are appraised, has no basis nor does it come under the provisions of any of the cases mentioned in Art. 349 of the Law of Criminal Procedure. (Decision of September 19, 1884.)

Violations which refer to provisions relating to procedure can not be judged as sufficient to serve as grounds for an appeal for annulment of judgment for violation of law, as is inferred from Art. 849 of the Law of Criminal Procedure and the doctrine which the Supreme Court has established in many of its decisions. (Decision of October 23, 1884.)

As the Supreme Court has repeatedly declared, an appeal for annulment of judgment lies only when a violation of the articles of the Code or of other provisions of a penal character are involved. (Decision of November 19, 1884.)

The alleged violation of Art. 19 of the Penal Code does not come within the pro