Besides the enjoyment of the objects collected there is pleasure in the mere collecting, in the activity as a pastime.

M., 12. I got birds' eggs just to pass away the time.

Differing from the use or enjoyment of the collections is the more intellectual interest in them and desire to study them. The curiosity interest may be included under this head.

M., II. I collected my minerals because I liked to take an interest in them.

F., 10. I liked to collect polliwogs because I tried to find out all about them and see them turn into frogs.

The interest in the objects collected is sometimes an æsthetic one. The beauty of the object attracts.

M., 10. I got pebbles because they were pretty.

M., 10. I got picture cards in stores because they were pretty.

The commercial motive appears consciously to some extent.

M., 10. I collected eggs because I can sell them. In collecting rings I most always sell them. I collect stamps because when you get a set of them you can sell them for a great deal of money. You can sell flint if you chip an arrowhead out of it.

M., 14. I collect stamps because the stamps that I have collected for years are worth very much money. I keep on collecting them now because I was offered for my collections twenty dollars, but they are worth more.

M., 13. Collected minerals of attractive form and color to sell as souvenirs to summer visitors.

Objects are also collected as souvenirs, and a few other miscellaneous reasons are given, such as for luck, for trading purposes, to give to others, to exhibit, to have or keep, for school work.

Table IX and Chart II show the relative proportion of these various motives, and differences for boys and girls.

Imitation looms up as the strongest influence in setting the collecting instinct in action. Then follows the interest in quantity, in numbers, in large possession. In contrast with

imitation, or doing as others do, rivalry, or doing more than others do, seems to hold a comparatively small place; and in contrast with interest in quantity, interest in variety, in kind, is insignificant. The interest in kind and the genuine interest in the objects themselves approach most nearly to the conscious scientific attitude. The considerable percentage of indefinite reasons given seems to suggest the instinctive side of the collecting interest. Some start, some suggestion, some idea perhaps not remembered or known, supplies the incentive to an instinct that seemingly requires very little inducement to call it forth.

Some sex differences may be noticed. Boys yield slightly more to the imitative influence than girls. This has been already shown in the record of their collections by the fact that they exhibit more widespread crazes. As imitation takes on the character of faddism in adolescence, the girls give this motive oftener than the boys. Boys, too, exceed slightly in the love of quantity and large possessions. This is shown also by the fact that their collections are carried to a far greater extent than those of the girls. They often collect thousands of objects, while girls are content with hundreds. Girls show somewhat more maturity in their greater interest in kinds and in the objects collected. Without doubt the interest in kind is larger for both boys and girls than is here represented. It is less of a conscious interest, and at the same time it is an interest in quantities of kinds, which is not very different from interest in quantities of objects. In the commercial motive boys outrun the girls, while the girls balance their lack in this line by a disinterested pleasure in the æsthetic and sentimental attractions of their collections.

Certain motives are more dominant at some ages than at others. Imitation is given as a motive by boys chiefly before adolescence, and by girls chiefly during adolescence where it takes on the character of faddism. Interest in quantity

comes chiefly from ten to twelve years, before adolescence. Rivalry is scattered along, but does not appear before nine years of age, and is, perhaps, a trifle the strongest just before adolescence. The motive of enjoyment and use appears largely in the ten-to-twelve period. The scientific, the asthetic, and the commercial interests come principally in adolescence. The indefinite motives appear to a great extent before eight years of age.

Summarizing, we find childhood the period of blind yielding to instinct; the preadolescent years, from nine or ten to twelve, the age when imitation, competition, interest in quantity, and enjoyment of the objects collected act as motives. In adolescence come faddism and also the commercial, æsthetic, sentimental, and scientific interests.

ARRANGEMENT OF COLLECTIONS

A study of the arrangement or classification children make of the contents of their collections shows that they are in the stage of the naturalist rather than of the scientist. There is comparatively little classification of objects according to any scientific basis, that is, according to variety and kind. The large majority of the collections are simply 'kept together" with more or less care. They may be in 'no order," just "mixed together," "arranged any way," kept "in a pile," or, as may be stated more definitely, they may be kept in the barn or the shed, in a drawer, a box, bag, envelope, book, trunk, pocket, basket, bottle, or can, on a shelf, or fastened on cloth, paper, ribbons; or on a string.

There are many evidences of care if not of arrangement.

M., 10. I had my birds' eggs in a cigar box. It is filled with sawdust. Sawdust is very soft and will not break the eggs. The eggs are very tender. I think that the humming birds' eggs are tenderest.

The first appearance of classification is on the basis of size or color, or both. Butterflies may be arranged according to color, eggs according to size or color.

M., 9. I put the birds' eggs in a glass box, large eggs in the bottom and small ones on top.

M., 9. The cards I put in my scrapbook, small ones on one page and large ones on another.

There is some classification of objects according to kinds, but this does not imply much knowledge of varieties.

M., 13. When I got birds' eggs I went to work and got a pasteboard box about three inches deep, one foot wide, two feet long, to put them in. Then I got some long strips of pasteboard and fenced off one kind of eggs from another kind; then I put in these places cotton so the eggs would n't break.

Then there are miscellaneous methods of arrangement, for example, according to age (as magazines or theater programmes), according to beauty, difficulty of getting, value, rarity, shape, alphabetical arrangement, or some arbitrary arrangement, as in rows.

F., 13. My minerals I arrange in a cabinet in whatever way they look the best.

M.,

9. I put my cigar wrappers in an old composition book, and instead of putting them in rows I would make a star.

M., 12. History scraps I put in books according to the way they fit in.

F., 12. Arranges shells and pebbles in a cabinet to show them to the best advantage.

In some cases the objects collected are used for decorative purposes, perhaps hung on the wall or from the ceiling, as pictures, picture cards, badges, feathers, nests, antlers, strings of eggs, buttons, etc.

Table X and Chart III show the relative proportion of the various methods of arrangement.