for clearing away the young men who had gained influence over the new King. They were exiled; but having again obtained the upper hand, they got Vieira banished to Oporto, and then to Coimbra, where he was put into the hands of the Inquisition, being accused of enunciating principles condemned by the Church. Arrested 2 Oct., 1665, he remained in the prisons of the Holy Office until 24 Dec., 1667. His innocence must have been clear, seeing that no retractation was demanded from him, and he was dispensed from being present at the ceremony of the "auto-da-fé.' In 1669, at the instance of Queen Christina, he was invited by his General to Rome, where he was welcomed by the Pope, and by the most distinguished members of the Sacred College. The Queen desired to attach him to herself with the title of her confessor, but bad health prompted his return to Lisbon in 1675. The Pope, Clement X., among many marks of interest, gave him a writ (bref) which forbade the Portuguese inquisitors to take cognizance in the future of anything concerning Vieira. Queen Christir a tried to get him to return to Rome in 1678, but he excused himself on account of his age. When his health allowed him he returned to Brazil. He was made General Superior of the Mission of the Maragnan. In 1688 he was appointed Visitor of the Province of Brazil, an office which authorized him to choose in the different houses the men fit for the missions, He passed his last years in the College of Bahia, and died 18 July, 1697, aged 89. Another Antonio Vieyra published in 1773 a Portuguese and English dictionary, which has been often republished. ROBERT PIERPOINT. Davidson's letters are printed in his quaint Scots-English. I have got a reprint of the article stowed away somewhere which I will gladly put at your correspondent's disposal. In return I should feel indebted to him for a look at the book he mentions, which is unknown to me. W. DEL Court. 47, Blenheim Crescent, W. 66 mean Let the Blessed One-the 66 66 LATIN GRACE: "BENEDICTUS BENEDICAT (11 S. xi. 149).—I have always understood the above grace, spoken before dinner, to Divinity give His blessing to the feast"; and that the Benedicto benedicatur,' after the meal, means To the Blessed One let praise (or thanks) be given for the feast." It has been my fortune for many years to hear the above grace spoken, and on some occasions to speak it myself, in the Inner Temple Hall; but I am unable at the moment to tell its origin or its date. Wм. E. BROWNING. EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PHYSICIAN UPON PREDESTINATION (11 S. xi. 67).-The allusion in Tristram Shandy' may, I think, which raged in the early part of the eighhave reference to a great controversy teenth century round the works of Dr. William Coward. In 1704, upon the publication of Coward's 'The Grand Essay; or, A Vindication of Reason and Religion,' &c., complaint was made with regard to the author in the House of Commons (10 March, 1703/4). Coward was himself brought to the Bar of the House, and a few days later, on 18 March, his works were burnt in Palace Yard by the common hangman. This caused the author to become far more famous than before, and his books were sought after and read for many years. In 1702 Coward had first attracted attention by his 66 ing the Notion of Human Soul, as believ'd to be a "Thoughts concerning Human Soul, demonstratSpiritual and Immortal Substance united to Human Body, to be plain Heathenish Invention," &c. He laboured to prove the natural mortality of the soul, and argued that it is not an independent entity, but is merely the life of the body. Of Coward a good deal is known. He was born at Winchester in 1656 or 1657. His mother's his uncle was Dr. John Lamphire, Prin name was Lamphire, and cipal of Hart Hall, Oxford. Coward was educated at mitted a commoner of Hart Hall in May, Winchester, and was ad. 1674. In 1680 he was elected Fellow of Merton. He became M.A. 13 Dec., 1683; M.B. 23 June, 1685; and M.D. 2 July, 1687. He lived for a time at Northampton, but removed to London in 1694. Thomas Hearne (Diaries,' vol. i. p. 305) says : At his leaving y University I think he began to practise Physick at Northampton, weh place he was oblig'd to leave upon Acct of some Criminal Commerce wth some He lives now somewhere in the Diocesse of Norwich and has writ some Heterodox Books about the Nature of ye Soul." woman. Coward practised in London at 93 and 94, Lombard Street, and afterwards went to live at Ipswich, where, it is believed, he died in 1725. In 1722 he wrote from Ipswich to Sir Hans Sloane, offering to submit an epitaph upon the Duke of Marlborough, the Duchess having offered 500l. for a suitable one. For Coward's life see Munk,' Roll of the College of Physicians,' vol. i. p. 512; Hearne's Diaries,' vol. i.; House of Commons' Journals, 1704; Foster's 'Alumni'; J. A. Farrer's Books condemned to be Burnt,' 1892; Wood's Athenæ'; 'D.N.B.' (article by Leslie Stephen); Alger's 'Doctrine of a Future Life,' New York, 1871, passim. Coward wrote one or two medical essays which are forgotten. The following is a list of such of his books as deal with the subject of the query, including also some books by other authors bearing upon the controversy. Coward, William, M.D. The Grand Essay; or, A Vindication of Reason, and Religion, against Impostures of Philosophy proving....1. That the Existence of any Immaterial Substance is.... Impossible to be conceived. 2. That all Matter has originally created in it, a Principle of....Self Motion. 3. That Matter and Motion must be the Foundation of Thought in Men and Brutes. To which is added, a Brief Answer to Mr. Broughton's Psychologia, &c. By W. C., M.D. C.M. L.C. ...London, 1704, 8vo, pp. 248. Coward, William, M.D. Second Thoughts concerning Human Soul, demonstrating the Notion of Human Soul, as believ'd to be a Spiritual and Immortal Substance, united to Human Body, to be plain Heathenish Invention, and not consonant to the Principles of Philosophy, Reason, or Religion....London, 1702, 8vo, pp. 458. Coward, William, M.D. Farther Thoughts concerning Human Soul, in Defence of Second Thoughts; wherein the Weak Efforts of the Reverend Mr. Turner, and other less Significant Writers are occasionally answer'd....London, 1703, 8vo, pp. 155. Phylopsyches (Alethius), pseudon. Serious Thoughts on Second Thoughts.... Written in Opposition to a late Heretical, Erroneous, and Damnable Book, set forth by Dr. Williain Coward. ....London, n.d., 8vo, pp. 142. [Turner, John.] A Brief Vindication of the Separate Existence and Immortality of the Soul from a late Author's Second Thoughts....London, 1702, 4to, pp. 64. Turner, John. A Farther Vindication of the Soul's Separate Existence, and Immortality; in Answer to Dr. C.-'s Farther Thoughts.... London, 1703, 4to. [Hole, Matthew.] An Antidote against Infidelity, In Answer to a Book, entitled, Second Thoughts concerning Human Soul.... With a Full and Clear Proof of the Soul's Immortality. By a Presbyter of the Church of England. London, 1702, 8vo. In Broughton, John. Psychologia; or, An Ac- pp. 248. French Impostour [Layton, Henry.] Observations upon a Treatise intituled, A Vindication of the Separate Existence of the Soul, from a late Author's Second Thoughts, by Mr. John Turner....(London, 1702?), 4to, pp. 55. [Layton, Henry.] Observations upon a Treatise intituled Vindiciae Mentis....(London, 1703), 4to, pp. 88. [Gregory, F.] Impartial Thoughts upon the Nature of the Human Soul, and some Passagesconcerning in the Writings of Mr. Hobbes and Mr. Collier, occasioned by a Book entitled Second Thoughts. By a Divine of the Church of England. London, 1704, 4to. The Evidence of Smith, Lawrence, LL.D. or the Immortality of the Things not Seen; Human Soul, proved from Scripture and Reason, in two Discourses. Wherein are contained some Remarks on Two Books (viz. Coward's 'Second,' and Farther Thoughts).... together with an Examination of the Opinion of a Middle Place of 3rd ed. London, 1706, 8vo. Residence, &c. Le Wright, The Soul the Body at the Last-Day, proved from Holy Writ: refuting the Common Received Opinion, that we shall be judged in our Corruptible Bodies. Wherein Dr. Coward's and Mr. Asgill's Absurd Opinions are in some measure weighed. With an Observation on London, 1707, 8vo, pp. 31. Mr. Rehearser. Hampton, Benj. The Existence of Human Soul after proved from Scripture, Reason and Philosophy....London, 1711, 8vo, pp. 44. Death: Kahler, Joh. Philipp. Commentatio de Immortalitate Animarum Infantum ex Natura sua deducta, Cowardo et Dodwello opposita. Rintelii, 1748, 4to, pp. 39. Fleming, Caleb. A Survey of the Search after Souls, by Dr. Coward, Dr. S. Clarke, Mr. Baxter, Dr. Sykes, Dr. Law, Mr. Peckard, and others. HAMMERSMITH (11 S. xi. 128).-For more than two hundred years learned men have been inquiring into the origin of this placename. Bowack in 1705 (Antiquities of Middlesex') finds the question too difficult for him, but he gives the following humorous derivation to amuse his readers : "The two churches of Fulham and Putney were many years since built by two sisters of gigantic stature, who had but one hammer between them, which they used to throw across the river. One day the hammer broke, and was taken to the place now known as Hammersmith to be mended by a smith who lived there. He was successful in his work and enabled the hammer to be used again. As a reward for this public service, the place has ever since been called Hammersmith."-Ut supra at p. 38. No. 1, Cluke :— Wappen: Ein fünfstrahliger Stern, in der rechten oberen Ecke auf dem Stern sitzend ein Vogel. Arnold Cluke besiegelte 1351 als Ratsmitglied auf Seiten der Stadt Aachen das Landfriedensbündnis zwischen Rhein Dem Wappen nach zu urteilen, war und Maas. Schöffengeschlecht von dem Canel stammverer dem wandt." This is in a collection of 'Aachener Wappen und Genealogien.' No. 2. The "Schlangenkreuz the same collection, as the arms borne by occurs, in families named Von der Anstel 1564, Bex 1609, and Von Othegraven 1642. LEO C. 1670 a suit in the Court of Exchequer dealt POLEGATE, SUSSEX (11 S. xi. 149).-In with the Manor of Otham, "anciently parcel of the late Monastery of Begham alias Barkam [i.e., Bayham] or Michelham, or one of them," in connexion with the subject of tithes. William Milton, one of the deponents, refers to "lands called Powlegate lying and being in Otham." Thomas Gyles of Alfriston, another deponent, refers to land formerly lord of the Manor of Otham, gave called "Powlgate," which one Kensley, to his brother Nicholas Kensley. deponent, Edward Fuller of Folkington, A third deposed that "the lands called Powlegate contained twenty acres, and were worth 6l. F. B. BATEMAN. per annum." 66 147). Your correspondent is in error in LOCKS ON RIVERS AND CANALS (11 S. xi. England earlier than about 1781. The stating that no canals were constructed in greater length of the Exeter Canal, which runs parallel with the River Exe from Turf, about a mile and a half below Topsham, to the city, was completed in 1566, and is still in daily use. Originally it ran only as far Topsham in 1675, and to Turf in 1829. Its as Countess Weir, but was extended to total length is about five miles, and it is proof the Exeter City Council. Ivided with two locks. It is the property Oliver in his History of Exeter' says: regarded their canal, not as a mere water-com- City Library, Exeter. H. TAPLEY-SOPER. HENLEY FAMILY: OVERSEERS: SAMPLER (11 S. xi. 129).-The family of Henley derived its name from Henley, near Crewkerne, Somerset. The main branch of the family was of Leigh (near Chard) and Colof Henley was High Sheriff of Somerset in way (near Lyme Regis). Robert Henley Knt., was a Bencher of the Temple and 1613, and his grandson, Sir Robert Henley, Master of the King's Bench. Colway was There a prominent feature during the Rebellion. Pulman in his 'Book of the Axe are also Henleys of Chardstock. deals at some length with the Henley family, and gives references to Phillips's 'Visitation of Somerset' (1623), the Heralds' Visita- PICTURES AND PURITANS (11 S. xi. 151).— tions in the Harleian MSS., Locke's Western See The Journal of William Dowsing of Rebellion,' and Burke's Extinct Baronet- Stratford, Parliamentary Visitor (1643-4),' age.' Bayley's The Civil War in Dorset' edited by C. H. E. White (Ipswich, Pawsey should also be consulted for frequent refer- & Hayes, 1885). F. P. BARNARD. ences to Henry Henley of Colway, who was M.P. for Dorsetshire, for Bridport, and for Lyme Regis. W. G. WILLIS WATSON. Exeter. I am not able to answer MRS. LAVINGTON'S query, but possibly the following may be a clue to the information required. Sir Robert Henley gave 100l. to the rector and churchwardens of Eversley, Hants, the interest thereof to be used for apprenticing poor children. There is a tabulated list of benefactions hung in the church. The above is taken from the Report of Commissioners concerning the Charities of England and Wales, which began in 58 George III. and ended in 7 William IV. No date is given respecting the gift alluded to. F. K. P. Bilsby House, near Alford, Lincolnshire. LLEWELYN AP REES AP GRONO, 1359 (11 S. ix. 410; x. 515).—In the section of his 'Limbus Patrum Morganiæ devoted to the descendants of Einon (ap Cedifor) ap Collwyn, and at p. 191, Clark has a neglected little pedigree which, read in connexion with a pedigree of the sons and grandsons of a certain Robert ab Einon which I give later, points to these latter as the descendants of Einon ap Cedifor ap Collwyn; and consequently allows me to restate the immediate descent (lost for at least 300 years) of a man who figures largely, but I am afraid mistakenly, as an ancestor of a great number of Glamorgan families. Briefly, Clark's neglected pedigree runs thus: "Owen, 5th son of Einon ap Collwyn (sic), was father of Cradoc, father of Richard, father of Rees, father of Grono, father of Rees, father of Llewelyn." John Williams, a Monmouthshire genealogist who fl. 1600, and whose work was edited in 1910 by Col. Bradney as the Llyfr Baglan,' gives on fos. 293-4 practically the same pedigree, stating, however, that the ancestor was Owen ap Einon, Lord of Senghenyth, ap Kedivor, Prince of Deved." It is evident that Clark (who never gives his authorities) derived his pedigree from another source. 66 the Penrice and Margam MSS.'-containing The sons of Einon (ap Cedifor) as given in Clark, p. 131, are (1) Cadrod, Lord of Senghenydd; (2) Richard, Lord of Miscin; (3) Idnerth; (4) Griffith, whose descendants flourished in Cardigan; (5) Owen. Of these men Cadrod was, I believe, alone the son of Einon ap Cedifor. Richard, Lord of Miscin, may also have been a son. Idnerth and Owen were grandsons of Einon; and Griffith was probably the son of an Einon ap Tangno of Meiryonydd, who his duel with Col. Thomas in the autumn fl later than Einon ap Cedifor, though of 1783. Col. Gordon, who died unmarried sometimes mistaken for him. The pedigree of Einon ap Cedifor's immediate descendants, as I would recast it, is as follows, the particulars, except where other wise stated, being from the Catalogue of Penrice and Margam MSS.' (London, 1893). Einon ap Cedifor ap Collwyn, ob. c. 1125. Robert 6 Cadrod* Cradoct ? Ifor Bach Meuric at Bath, was doubtless called Cosmo after Fort Augustus. SAVERY FAMILY OF DEVONSHIRE (11 S. xi. 148). In the extensive local collection at the Exeter City Library is a set of four volumes of manuscript notes on the churches of Devon, made circa 1830 by James Davidson, author of 'Bibliotheca Devoniensis. These notes record the principal, if not all the monuments in the Devon churches, and I think your correspondent would do well to have them searched. I believe there are also other MSS. in the Exeter collection which would help him. CURIOSUS II. It may be asked, How is it the real issue from Einon ap Cedifor has been lost? I will suggest an answer in a couple of quotations. Thomas Stephens, the author of the 'LiteraIt may interest MR. LEONARD C. PRICE ture of the Kymry,' writing on the Coelbren to know that there are two or three fine y Beirdd (Alphabet of the Bards ') in the seventeenth-century portraits in oils of this Arch. Cambr., iv. 181, says that the "Chair distinguished family in the Cottonian of Glamorgan," by which he means the Library, Plymouth. traditions, speculations, and usages connected with the older bards there, "has falsified the history of bardism, corrupted "became the subject of an elaborate romance AP THOMAS. COL. THE HON. COSMO GORDON (11 S. xi. 131, 174). He was the second son of William, third Earl of Aberdeen, by his third wife, born Lady Anne Gordon. He entered the 3rd (afterwards Scots Fusilier) Guards in 1755, and later commanded the Second Battalion in America. He became BrevetColonel in 1780, and retired from the service three years later-possibly as a result of Cadrod ab Einon is a witness to a Margam charter dat. 1151, Harl. Ch. 75, B 29. + 'Llyfr Baglan,' p. 10. Ditto, p. 11. JOHN LANE. The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, W. bers of this family in the registers of Modbury, 6 RHYS JENKINS. RENTON NICHOLSON (11 S. xi. 86, 132, 175). -My copy of the Autobiography of a Fast for the proprietors, 1863," not 1843. I Man,' by Renton Nicholson, was published issue of The Lord Chief Baron Nicholson, think it must, beyond doubt, be a later an Autobiography,' with a new cover and title-page, for p. 1 bears the heading 'Baron Nicholson: an Autobiography '; then follows: described-A colony of bankers' clerks-My birth"Chapter I. Schoolboy days - Old Islington society-Sadler's Wells more than forty years ago place-My first recollection of a judge and jury -Early acquaintance with Joey Grimaldi-Barnes the pantaloon-Andrew Campbell, W. H. Payne, Charles Westmacott, &c.-Powerful cast of 'Don |