"The following is a list of all that occur: Christus День, Яс. di absalma et diab dō. Dominus, &c. dns, dūm, dño, dñe. น l.b, 11). de renvoi for sei, sem, seo, scos. (At f. 33a : (thee's q: = que, ff. ba, 31b; On diabsalma, i.e., diapsalma, cf. K.) Meyer (Hibernica Minora, Oxford, 1894, pp. 89, 96). This capricious suspension may be seen on ff. 2a, 16b, 17a, 18b, 19ab, 21a, &c. Moran's note (Atlantis, ix. p. 74) is curious: "In the margin is written the word diabolus [!], probably meaning that the sacred text here figuratively portrayed the triumph of Christ over Satan." Comment is needless. Our MS. would appear to be the earliest Irish Psalter in existence, for the so-called Psalter of St. Salaberga, once believed to have been written in Ireland in the seventh century, is now held to be not earlier than the eighth and to be of Northumbrian origin (New Pal. Soc., Second Series, 1914, plates 33-35). As for the Psalter of St. Caim'n,' I have shown (Proc. R. Irish Acad., 32, C. 5, 1913) that it dates from the end of the eleventh or the early twelfth century, M. ESPOSITO. NOTES ON STATUES AT THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. (See 2 S. xi. 47; 3 S. i. 267; 7 S. v. 7, 51, 145; 8 S. v. 407, 470; vi. 92, 138, 249, 333; ix. 213; 9 S. ii. 65, 198; viii. 202; 10 S. x. 491; 11 S. ii. 322, 371, 454, 508; iii. 187, 230, 241, 315, 385, 429, 473; iv. 138, 176, 499; vi. 398; ix. 219; x. 168, 347.) FIRST ROYAL EXCHANGE. IN this building, over the pillars of the | Elizabeth-those of James I., Charles I., and marble quadrangles, were statues of our Charles II. being added later. After the exesovereigns from Edward the Confessor to cution of Charles I. all emblems of royalty were ordered to be removed, and replaced SECOND ROYAL EXCHANGE. The head (9"x8"x8") from the statue Carolo II. Cæsari Britannico, Regum optimo, clementissimo, augustissimo, Marium domino ac vindici, Fidei intemeratæ et gratitudinis æternæ, Anno Salutis Humanæ MDCLXXXIV. On the west side of the pedestal, cut in An interesting account of the burning of the Exchange in 1838 is given in Ashton's Gossip in the First Decade of Victoria's Reign, pp. 23-27. At the sale of the salvage the figures realized the following sums: busts of Queen Elizabeth, 107. 15s. and 187. the pair; Anne, 101. 58.; George II., 9l. 58. ; George III. and Elizabeth, 111. Charles II., 97.; and other royal statues It would be interesting to similar sums. ascertain the present whereabouts of these figures. THIRD ROYAL EXCHANGE. 158.; The statue of Queen Elizabeth by Watson, in the south-west angle, was erected about 1844 (10 S. x. 492; 11 S. iii. 187, 230, 315). A statue of Queen Victoria by Lough was erected in 1845 at a cost of 1,000 guineas (10 S. x. 491); the sceptre from this statue On one of the is in the Guildhall Museum. staircases is a marble statue of Prince Albert by Lough, dated 1847 (Illustrated London News, 24 July, 1847). There are several plans The frescoes are and more than 120 views of the Exchange in the Crace Collection. described in 'The Pictures in the Royal J. ARDAGH. Exchange,' by Wilfrid Meynell (Windsor Magazine, May, 1904). 35, Church Avenue, Drumcondra, Dublin. 1892 the seventh child proved a daughter. There was great relief, which explains the following item in The New York World for 14 Sept., 1892, p. 4, column 6:-"The young Kaiser is overwhelmed with congratulations. It is a girl." Perhaps some one can point to a contemporary record of the oracle in question. ALBERT J. EDMUNDS. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. SHAKESPEARE'S FRENCH.-It has been said that "in Henry V.' the dialogue, in many scenes, is carried on in French which is grammatically accurate." So Sir Sidney Lee, Life,' p. 15; no unbeliever in Shakespeare the man being the author of the plays. 'POILU."—It would seem time for 'N. & Q.' to have some note on this nickname which the French soldier has bestowed upon himself. The men in the Argonne apparently first hit upon it, and used accurately, in their sense, it would seem to signify a soldier who has been at the front since last August, and to be withheld, in a sportive jealousy, from comrades, however far senior and respectable, who had the But such strictness hardly prevails now. misfortune to arrive only in September. The word has spread over France, and is the honorific epithet of every brave man in the trenches. journals as well as among ourselves, and There are purists among French one voice at least has been raised against The " French " as it really is might be an argument for the playwright's part ignorance Maurice Donnay in a recent number of "poilu" as a bit of vulgar slang. M. -assuming that he composed the French Les Annales takes up its defence, and, after scenes, and assuming that he wrote or dictated the French as it is now commonly pointing out that, as an equivalent for man, it is not a neologism corrected and published. For no correcting he gives the real reason which must compel in slang, of spelling will make it all grammatically its acceptance "c'est le nom accurate. And as to its appearance in the braves soldats se sont donné eux-mêmes First Folio, let the following extracts and continues :witness. Some of them do, indeed, look just like a copying down, according to sound in an ear ignorant of the language, e.g. :IV. iv. 37, tout asture (tout à cette heure) III. iv. 20 et de coudee (et le coude), attempting the un-English final e sound. And to such mistaking may be due :III. iv. 8. Je oublie, e doyt mays (j'oublie les doigts; mais). Je me souemeray (souviendrai). Ib. 15. Coment appelle vous le ongles. IV. iv. 17. Le force; as "le main" in III iv. Ib. 50. Les escues que vous layt a promets. IV. v. 3. Mor Dieu ma vie. 66 que nos "Depuis des mois, sur un front de quatre cents kilomètres, des milliers d'hommes vivent, dans les tranchées, une vie souterraine et surhumaine : les balles sifflent, les marmites éclatent, l'air est chargé de probabilités mortelles et ces hommes disent simplement : 66 -Nous laissons pousser notre barbe. 44 C'est admirable! Aujourd'hui, la femme la plus délicate, la plus 'petite bouche,' la plus pruneau de Tours,' la plus niflette,' comme on dit aux environs de Grenoble, la Parisienne la plus fine ne balance pas à dire mon Poilu,' en parlant d'un époux ou d'un frère qui est au front, même s'il se rase chaque jour, comme Stanley dans le désert, ou bien s'il se rase quelquefois, comme ce jeune lieutenant V. ii. 122. Les langues des hommes sont plein de d'artillerie qui écrivait à sa maman: tromperies. Ib. 193. Le Francois ques vous parleis. Ib. 258. Je ne veus point que vous abbaisse However, no mistaking but the writer "Ça va très bien, ce matin; il fait du soleil et je peux enfin me raser, n'ayant qu'une jambe dans l'eau, devant une petite glace attachée à la queue de mon cheval.' 'being ill at the grammar of French will le, écrivons-le, puisque, synonyme de héros, il est well account for : III. iv. 3. Je te prie m'ensigniez. Ib. 30. Je men oublie. IV. iv. 62. Saave (suivez) vous le grand capitaine. IV. iv. 33. Il me commande a vous dire que vous V. ii. 118. Je suis semblable a les anges. What then as to concluding from such French knowledge too hastily concerning Shakespeare's use of foreign literatures in the original? W. F. P. STOCKLEY. University College, Cork. "Acceptons donc ce mot de Poilu, prononçons. entré dans l'histoire. Le rejeter, ça ne serait pas dans le filon,' comme ils disent volontiers, ces mêmes Poilus." PEREGRINUS. LITERARY ACTIVITY OF Hus.-It is just 500 years since the eminent Bohemian Church reformer Jan Hus perished at the stake at Constance on 6 July, 1415. His life and career belong to ecclesiastical more than to literary history, and the chief works he wrote were doctrinal, i.e., 'The Daughter: a Guide to the Right Way to Salvation,' Postilla' (homilies) for each Sunday in the year and saints' days, a commentary on the Sententiarum' of Peter Lombard, a lost translation of Wycliffe's 'Trialogus,' and his numerous Bohemian and Latin letters. It is not clear to what extent Hus wrote hymns, but, like his countrymen, he was a great lover of music, and improved the church singing. It is less known that Hus was the author of an Orthographia Bohemica,' and that he standardized the spelling practically as it is written to-day. When he found Bohemian children speaking a jumble of Cech and German, Hus was as fierce as Nehemiah, who discovered Jewish children speaking half-Hebrew and half-Philistine; and mixed marriages were as obnoxious to the martyr of Constance as they were to the heroic Jewish restorer and statesman. FRANCIS P. MARCHANT. Streatham. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. a A "POUND FOR PRISONERS.-In 1688 the Hertfordshire Grand Jury made presentment that "the pound before the court (at Hertford ?) was not sufficient to secure the prisoners at assizes and sessions (Herts County Records,' ed. W. J. Hardy, 1905, vol. i. p. 372). What kind of a "pound" would this be? The ordinary cattle-pound would obviously afford little security for prisoners. The Oxford English Dictionary gives numerous illustrations of the figurative use of "pound" for a place of confinement; but in the record cited the use of the term is clearly literal. Was a temporary prison or lock-up sometimes called a "pound"? G. L. APPERSON. REFERENCE MARKS.-In 'The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament,' published by Bagster, there is used what I believe to be a somewhat rare system of references to the foot-notes. It consists of the Greek alphabet, with the omission of the vowels and also of K and v. It occurs in the most complete form in which I have been able to find it on pp. 480 and 524. I should be glad to learn the origin and history of this system. It seems likely to be fairly ancient, as one can hardly imagine a modern author inventing it. F. W. READ. The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, W. ARCHER FAMILY. I desire information about the later generations of the Archer family of Warwickshire, the earlier are given in Collins, details of which Peerage,' vii. 359. A lady of this family, Miss Fanny Archer, married a Mr. Parkes, or Parks, of the Indian Civil Service, about Her father, whose Christian name 1835. I do not know, was buried at Pennycross How Chapel, Devon, on 20 April, 1841. was he connected with Lord Archer, who died 20 April, 1778, and was buried at Tamworth Church, Warwickshire, where there is a monument erected to his memory? Mrs. Parkes, or Parks, had at least one son, born in India. I shall feel much obliged for details of the birth, marriage, death, and descendants of this lady. The information is required merely for literary purposes. Kindly answer direct. W. CROOKE. Langton House, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham. BISHOP SPENCER OF MADRAS.-I am trying to obtain a portrait of Bishop Spencer, and I shall be very glad of help on the part of any readers of N. & Q' Is there a portrait of the Bishop in any public or private collection of paintings? Is there any descendant of his living? FRANK PENNY. 3, Park Hill, Ealing. HERALDIC QUERY.-I wish to identify the following arms :-Per fesse gules and azure, a lion rampant or; impaling Argent, on a chevron sable, between three pellets, as many millrinds of the first. Crest: a white stag trippant. According to Papworth, the first arms are those of the family of Mowgarle, Mowgrale, or Mowgrill; but I cannot trace the impaled arms in Papworth. I should like to know if any family besides Mowgarle bore these arms, and with what family bearing the impaled arms they married. Is there any known pedigree of Mowgarle that can be consulted? Replies direct will be esteemed to save time. CHARLES DRURY. 12, Ranmoor Cliffe Road, Sheffield. KENNEL OR CANNEL COAL.-In A Com- AUTHORSHIP OF SERMONS. (See ante, pleat History of the Rebellion' (1745), p. 400.)-I also possess two MS. sermons. by James Ray of Whitehaven (York, They were given to me by the son of a M,DCC,XL,IX.), the author, in a short descrip- clergyman in 1861. They are numbered tion of Wigan, states, speaking of "Kennel respectively 80 and 99. coal": "Of these coals they make many curious toys, it bearing to be turned and polished so as to look like Black marble or jet, being formed into Snuff Boxes, Nutmeg Boxes, Candle Sticks, Salts, &c., by one Tootell, a turner who lives there." Does any one carry on this business now? Ray adds: "It cannot be worked far distant from where it is got by reason of the hardness which it will acquire through time when conveyed to distant places." H. G. P. No. 80 has the following on its cover : "Ye Nativity of Jesus Xt. Matter of great Joy. How to be express'd. Kimbolton, Xtmas, 1756; Middleton, Xtmas, 1757; Lempster, post Xtmas, 1759.-1760." MSS.: AUTHORS WANTED.-For some years I have had in my possession the two underCHEESES IN IRELAND.-DR. STANLEY noted MS. volumes. Perhaps some of your LANE-POOLE, dealing with letters of Arch-learned readers may be able to supply names deacon Burton written towards the close of authors, or say whether either has been of the eighteenth century (ante, p. 426), hitherto printed." makes the curious remark that in Ireland ....cheese has always been a foreign luxury." Is this a fact, and were no cheeses made in Ireland in the eighteenth century, or since ? J. LANDFEAR LUCAS. Glendora, Hindhead, Surrey. AUTHOR WANTED.-Who wrote "Corinth, and other Poems. Dedicated (by permission) to the Right Hon. Viscountess Anson. London: Printed by Ellerton and Henderson, Johnson's Court, Fleet Street. 1821"? It is the work of a woman. S. A. GRUNDY-NEWMAN. REV. CHARLES STRONG, whilst resident at Torquay in 1835, published a small quarto volume of sonnets, and dedicated the work to the then Earl of Harrowby. I am desirous of learning in what way, if any, the author was connected with Staffordshire. Walsall. (a) "The Defeat of the ffairys [sic]: The History of Phionice and Anaxander-Cleonice and Adrastes-Ye princess Milicerte and DiocletusYe Princess Leonice and Agatha, Princess of ye Scythians. Anno Dom. 1732." 166 leaves, sm. 4to, old vellum. Title on back, Faerie Tales,' also initials," E. C." (b) "The Queen of Susa | a Tragedy | in Five Acts. Longum bibebat. amorem. Virg. 1816." 94 leaves, 4to, half bound. 66 S. A. GRUNDY-NEWMAN. THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY. Wanted, information as to the place and precise date of death of Capt. John Daniel Blundell, died 1838; and Capt. William Twyning, died 1844. MRS. VINCENT (MRS. MILLS).-According to John Taylor in Records of my Life,' ii. 319-21, this lady was originally a "milkgirl named Isabella Burchell, who lived in the neighbourhood of Mr. Tyers' country seat." Jonathan Tyers was the proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens, where she appeared as a singer between the years 1751-60. On 23 Sept., 1760, she played Polly in 'The Beggar's Opera' at Drury Lane, and was warmly praised by Churchill in 'The Rosciad.' From 1763 to 1766 she sang at Maryle. bone Gardens; cf. The London Pleasure Gardens,' Warwick Wroth, 101, 304. She married before 1760 the younger Vincent, 66 this a performer on the oboe in the band at Vauxhall. After his death she married Capt. J. Mills "in the Civil Service of the E.Î.C." This individual, who was famous In the Army List' of 1825 Capt. William Kingdom Rains, half-pay, Royal Artillery, is shown as possessing the Order of Leopold of Austria. For what services was given? After 1825 he served in the 51st Foot. J. H. LESLIE, Major, R.A. (retired list). 31, Kenwood Park Road, Sheffield. as one of the survivors of the Black Hole of |