to be sold for 20,000l. This sum Grenville refused to issue from the Treasury. The ground was consequently sold to builders, and a new row of houses, overlooking the king in his private walks, was erected, to his great annoyance (see Walpole's 'George III.,' vol. iii., p. 4). At the Hyde Park end of Grosvenor Place was Tattersall's well-known establishment; near the middle were the Lock Hospital and Chapel and a Hospital for Soldiers. In the course of the seventies and eighties Grosvenor Place was entirely re-modelled, the hospitals having long previously been removed. The public way was extended to Victoria Station and made of uniform width throughout, and the row of old-fashioned, moderate-sized dwelling houses gave place to a series of large and stately French Renaissance mansions. I should doubt there ever having been any need for legislative enactments in connexion with these structural changes. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. LE MONUMENT "QUAND MEME (12 S. vi. 90). This well-known statue of Antonin Mercié (1845-1916) represents a French soldier falling in action while an Alsatian girl standing behind him seizes his rifle. It was carved in 1882 in memory of the successful defence of Belfort in 1870-71. The original is at Belfort, but a copy in marble stands in the central avenue between the Arc du Carrousel and the Rue des Tuileries in Paris. DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE. [MR BENJAMIN WALKER and MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE also thanked for replies.] ITALIAN ST. SWITHIN'S DAY: "I QUATTRO APRILANTI (12 S. vi. 109). The Italian St. Swithin's Day is April 3. Pietro Fanfani in his 'Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana' quotes the proverb: "Terzo dì aprilante, quaranta dì durante," which he interprets : Come è il terzo dì aprile, cosi sono i seguenti quaranta giorni." However, I cannot trace any four saints commemorated on April 3. On April 14 the Mass and Office of St. Justinus is said throughout the Catholic Church, with commemoration of SS. Tiburtius, Valerianus, and Maximus. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. EARLIEST CLERICAL DIRECTORY (12 S. vi. 64). We have in our library a copy of The Clerical Directory: a Biographical and Statistical Book of Reference for Facts 66 Leeds Church Institute. ,, PEWTER SNUFFERS (12 S. vi. 67).-Although Pepys frequently mentions the purchase of pewter articles (vide Mar. 5, 1661: "To the Pewterers, to buy a poore's box, to put my forfeits in, upon breach of my late vows"), I scarcely think that the new fashioned case to contain them was meant to imply that the snuffers themselves were made of pewter. If so, as is the case sometimes with antique silver snuffers, probably the handles only were of pewter. It is inconceivable that pewter could be satisfactorily adapted with a cutting edge for such a purpose as trimming candle-wicks. The case would probably be made of shagreen (or shark's skin). Pepys's admiration of cases is previously recorded, April 27, 1661-62: "Visited the Mayor [Portsmouth] Mr. Timbrell, our anchor Smith, who showed us the present they have for the queen; which is a salt cellar of silver, the walls christall, with 4 Eagles & 4 greyhounds standing up at the top to bear up a dish; which indeed is one of the neatest pieces of plate that I ever saw, and the case is very pretty, also." If the snuffers were of pewter it would scarcely warrant their having an expensive case to contain them. I am inclined to think they would be made of silver. F. BRADBURY. 'Hocus Pocus': A RICH GIFT (12 S. vi. 41). From the British Museum Catalogue I gather that the book 'Hocus Pocus' was first published in 1651, under the title tions,' and editions quickly followed until MASTER GUNNER (12 S. v. 153, 212, 277 ; vi. 22).—I have in my possession a demy 8vo pamphlet of 29 pages, intituled 'Succession List annotated] of the Master-Gunners of England,' by Major R. H. Murdock, R.A., Woolwich, 1892. This is a valuable treatise on the subject and is based on original research among Exchequer receipts, &c., Treasury issues, Garde-robe accounts, parchment rolls, Rymer's Foedera, Royal and Ordnance Warrants, the Harleian and H. G. HARRISON. The following epitaph is from the churchyard at Minster, Sheppey (near the south door of the church) : . Henry WORTH, Master gunner, died 1779, Aug. 26, aged 57. Who'er thou art if here by Wisdom led M. "TEAPOY" (12 S. vi. 109).-Your correspondent does not seem to know the derivation of this word. It is a corruption of an Indian word which means three feet or three legs. It has nothing to do with tea, and the three-legged table is not used specially as a receptacle for tea. I have never heard the word "teapoy applied to any porcelain article, but I am not a collector of ceramics. A. M. B. IRWIN. in As "CATHOLIC (12 S. vi. 12, 113).-Correspondents at the last reference are agreement that Ignatius is the earliest writer known to us who applies the term Kałoλikỳ KKλnoría, to the Christian Church. what Ignatius really said is not mentioned by any of your correspondents, it may be of assistance if the quotation is given. It occurs midway in the epistle to the Smyrnæans, and was written from Troas, on the journey to his martyrdom at Rome under Trajan, at a date uncertain, but probably A.D. 110. It must be remembered that in all his epistles, Ignatius is remarkable for the emphasis with which he extols the episcopal office. The sentence in the epistle reads:'Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people also be: as where Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church." F. A. RUSSELL. 66 116 Arran Road, S.E.6. THEODORUS OF CYRENE (12 S. vi. 91).— The view indirectly described in Mr. Tollemache's foot-note to 'Safe Studies is plainly indicated in his 'Recollections of Pattison' ('Stones of Stumbling,' p. 191), where we are told that in Benthamite circles Grote was called the "rigid Atheist." Theodorus, the philosopher of the Cyrenaic school (c. 300 B.C.) was known as äeos EDWARD BENSLY. One of the Cyrenaic school of philosophers (founded by Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates), who held utilitarian as opposed to ethical and idealistic views of morals, thus approximating more closely, as time went on, to the Epicureans. The point of the remark quoted by MR. H. E. G. EVANS is that Theodorus was a thorough-going atheist. He flourished early in the fourth The most accessible references century B.C. are in Cicero. See 'De Natura to him Deorum,' I. i. ("deos....nullos esse.... Theodorus Cyrenaicus [putavit]"); I. xxiii. ("Quid? Diagorus eos qui dictus est, posteaque Theodorus, nonne aperte deorum naturam sustulerunt ?); Tusc. Disp." for his reply to my query. Since asking it I I. xliii ("Theodori quidem nihil interest 49 Ailesbury Road, Dublin. SIR EDWARD PAGET (12 S. v. 126; vi. 78). -I have to thank MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE 'De Tranquillitate Animi,' xiv. The saying is also quoted by Plutarch, but I cannot give an exact reference). See also a saying of his quoted in Tusc. Disp.,' V. xl., and references there given in any good edition. H. F, B. COMPSTON. Bredwardine Vicarage, Hereford. may 66 Notes on Books. The Oxford English Dictionary.-(Vol. X. Ti—Z.) THE number of words in this section of the [MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE also thanked for reply.] BANK NOTE SLANG (12 S. v. 309; vi. 51).—in the Century Dictionary. A great proportion is interest ST. SWITHIN to know that the It song, A guinea, it will sink, and a note, it will float,' &c., is not unfamiliar in this city, and has been sung here in this century. CHARLES E. STRATTON. Boston. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.— (12 S. iv. 304; vi. 119.) Latin for literary or scientific purposes-and thereof nineteenth century invention-formations on the are a few, as for example "vivisection," of which it may be said that they would likewise have been nineteenth century inventions if there had not been a stray occurrence or two in an earlier century to. give them the bare right to be considered older. For "vivisection " itself there appears to be a gap from 1736 to 1842, during which no example was found. The words connected with "visual" offer several interesting paragraphs; thus under" visual The information supplied by MR. WAINEWRIGHT ray" we have early instances in which the phrase makes it possible to trace Quand Italie sera sans denotes a ray proceeding from the eye to the object poison,' ," &c., some stages further back. By of vision; the compilers have found a passage (1651) Leigh's Observations' is meant, as was presumed, in which "visuall" knowledge appears to be conEdward Leigh's Analecta de XII. primis Caesari- trasted with book-knowledge; and they record bus: Select and Choyce Observations,' &c. To the Carlyle's attempt to establish "visualities" in thesecond (1647) edition were added "Select and sense of mental pictures or visions. Coleridge and choyce French Proverbs, some of which were Tyndall seem to be jointly responsible for the introcollected out of Grateras [sic] de la Noue, and duction of" visualize "a word which has been other Authors. divers observed by my selfe when I well-worked during its century of existence, and was in France." In a later edition this is corrected may be reckoned among those which have most to ".....Gruterus, de la Noue, and other Authors....." powerfully reacted back upon thought. The The work of Gruter intended is no doubt his columns derived from vitalis abound with interestFlorilegium Ethico - politicum......accedunt......ing quotations roughly representing current natural Proverbia Germanica, Belgica, Italica, Gallica, philosophy from Chaucer onwards. From Chaucer, Hispanica. In the first part of this (Frankfurt, too, comes the first mention of "vitriol," to be 1610), p. 236, we find " Quand Italie sera sans followed by copious illustrations from works on poison &c......sera lors le monde sans terre." On alchemy, medicine and chemistry, through each the last page of the preliminary matter of the book following century. It is curious that "vitriolic" Gruter tells us that for the French proverbs he is was apparently not used in a figurative sense till indebted to Gabriel Meurerius and Joannes the middle of the last century. The first quotation Nucerinus. At the foot of fol. 99 recto in Gabriel about vitriol-throwing comes from Thackeray's Meurier's Recveil de Sentences Notables, Dicts Irish Sketch Book' (1843) may that be taken et Dictons Commvns Adages, Prouerbes et Refrains, to indicate the date and place at which this traduits la plus part de Latin, Italien & Espagnol,' form of outrage began to be committed? Vitry,' Antwerp, 1568, we have "Quand Italie sera sans marked as obsolete (Vitry-canvas-from Vitré in poizon, France sans trayson, Angleterre sans guerre, Brittany), has a good range of instances from c. 1425 sera lors le monde sans terre." It might be to 1867, when it appears in a sailor's handbook. suggested that as some of these proverbs are said "Vitulation" affords an amusing instance of falseto be from the Spanish, and Spain has no disparag- etymology: “Vitulation," says Cockeram (1623), ing characteristic assigned her, it is there that we a reioicing like a calf." There seems no occurrence must look for the source of the saying. Or is it of of its correct use or explanation. German origin? EDWARD BENSLY. (12 S. vi. 112.) 2. This line, which should be: Tu quod es, e populo quilibet esse potest, is the conclusion of an epigram of Martial, Bk V. xiii. 3. EDWARD BENSLY. 66 66 The only native English word of any importance is 66 vixen." The vixen's reputation for fierceness seems as solid as that of the fox for cunning. Vizier" is the most notable of Eastern words. Its original meaning was 'porter"; whence by a touch of Oriental simplicity, it came to mean the one who bore the burden of the affairs of state. It seems not to have been known to the English before the end of the Sixteenth Century. Sermons in the vocative case-as a description of didactic prayers is a rather pleasant witticism preserved under "vocative" taken from Fraser's "Autobiography." "Vogue" and "voice"-especially the formerfurnish excellent articles. We confess ourselves surprised to find that the common use of "voice as a verb in the sense of " to express in words or ""to proclaim"-a use which we take leave to Où sont les gratieux gallans. This is from Villon Grand Testament," XXIX., p. 30, in the Jaunet edition. It ought to be compared with the same text in the Longman edition which is infinitely better. 3 Rue des Cansuniers, Lille. PIERRE TURPIN. [In the query at p. 112, line 1, read " gallans" So many nonce-words, and attempts at words have been recorded in the Dictionary, occurring in books which no man now ever reads, that we think place should have been found for Robert Hugh Benson's rather ingenious "volor"-the name which he gave to the airships which figure in The Lord of the World' and The Dawn of All.' Under "volcanic' Byron has been forgotten; though "Lone as some volcanic isle" would have supplied an element desirable for adequate illustration, as, rather curiously, "volcanic isle" or "island" does not occur in the group of quotations in which it would naturally be placed. Under "vulture," in the figurative use as "something which preys upon a person," it is said that an allusion to Tityus is commonly intended; but we fancy that, however incorrectly, those who use the figure usually have Prometheus rather than Tityus in mind. The earliest instance for "vulnerable" appears to be the one in Macbeth.' A single instance of this vin the active sense (1609) is noted. Vulgate" has not so completely been appropriated to St. Jerome's version of the Bible, but that it can be used even for common or colloquial speech-not a specially happy use. We confess to some surprise at finding thatvulgarian as substantive can be traced back as far as Maria Edgeworth. Vulgars," in school phrase, for passages in English to be done into Latin, seems to have had a run of exactly a century-from 1520, here, to 1612. Southey, apparently, would have had us speak of “vulcanising" verses, in the sense of committing them to the flames; however, some twenty years later than the date of his letter, the word was appropriated by the inventor of the process to name the method of hardening india-rubber by treatment with sulphur. Voyage' is one of the best articles in the section and we would particularly congratulate the compilers on the fine group of examples illustrating its obsolete use for a military expedition. So late as 1860 an instance of "making a voyage" for making a journey by land has been discovered. "When the voyage is ready, the master is bound to sail as soon as the wind and tide permit" (1826)-the only example of voyage a vessel fitted out for sailing-and the whaling and fishing uses of the word are interesting extensions of meaning. Beside " voyage we would put Vow and its derivatives, and with them" vouchsafe," the forms of which present a bewildering variety. We observed, with satisfaction, that the Daily Press has here been less frequently drawn upon for quotations than in many sections is the case, and this is the more noticeable because the words dealt with are so largely modern and often referable to purely modern institutions or discoveries. The Bowyer Bible. A Monograph by Archibald Sparke. (Published by the Libraries Committee, Bolton). (1758-1834). It seems to have reached completion about 1826. It is at present on loan at the Bolton Public Library for a term of ten years, and Mr. Archibald Sparke, well-known to all our readers, has here brought together all the particulars of its history and vicissitudes, with so much as proved obtainable, or was requisite, of the history of its divers owners. This makes an interesting short monograph, which will be specially acceptable to those who have had the opportunity of inspecting the Bible. We fear there is not much to be said in favour of Grangerizing," except from the point of view of the Grangerizer himself. So, one's own commonplace-book is of singular use to oneself, but of doubtful value to any other person. We are inclined to think the good Bowyer overdid it--not so much in the way of collecting as in the sumptuousness of the book-case and accessories. He attempted by these means to unify that which would have been better left obviously- -as it must needs remain intrinsically-heterogeneous. We Notices to Correspondents. request our correspondents to note that the arrangement for sending advance copies of Replies upon payment of a shilling will be discontinued now that 'Notes and Queries ' is once more published weekly. ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-AdverEDITORIAL Communications should be addressed tisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers" at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4. In reply to MR. ANEURIN WILLIAMS at p. 40 (Samuel Rowlands ') MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE writes: "This author was born about 1570 and wrote many tracts in prose and verse between 1598 and 1628. Two of his pamphlets were publicly burnt in 1600, but he issued them later under different titles. All his works are bibliographical rarities and the book embodied in your query is Martin Mark-all, Bedale of Bridewell 1610, and contains a thieves' vocabulary completer than in any earlier work. Only six copies of this book are known to exist, says 'D.N.B.' He died about 1630." ST. LEONARD'S PRIORY, HANTS (12 S. vi. 90).— MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE suggests that "the Priory MRS. COPE requires may be the one known building occupied by the monks of Beaulieu. A as St. Leonard's Grange,' a thirteenth-century description of it is in the Victoria County History of Hampshire,' vol. iv., p. 654." MR. M. A. ELLIS (" Puttick: Origin of Name"). MR. HENRY HARRISON, in his 'Surnames of the United Kingdom' derives this name, no doubt correctly, from M. E. puttoc, a kite or hawk. THE BOWYER BIBLE is an extra-illustrated or Grangerised copy of Macklin's Bible, which has been extended from seven volumes to forty-five by the insertion of engravings and drawings collected from every part of Europe. The whole work-which is enclosed in an elaborate oak cabinet-was accom- G. ("Butter' in Place-names"). This may be plished, at the cost of thirty years of occupation and considered a variant of Boter (Boterus), Latinized 4,000 guineas, by Robert Bowyer, a miniature form of the English name Bot-here. See the late KHAROSTHI INSCRIPTIONS. 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