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WARNING

The Goldsmiths
and Silversmiths
Company have
no branch estab-
lishments in
Regent Street,
Oxford Street,
or elsewhere;
only one address
112 Regent
Street, London,
W.1.

THE

HE Tea and Coffee Service, with Tray, as illustrated, is an entirely hand-made reproduction of an antique-Queen Anne period - and is representative of a collection on view at the Goldsmiths and Silversmiths Company.

An Illustrated Catalogue will be posted free on request, or articles can be sent on approval, carriage paid at the Company's risk.

THE GOLDSMITHS & SILVERSMITHS COMPANY LTD

with which is incorporated The Goldsmiths Alliance Est 1751

Jewellers to H.M. the King,

LONDON, MAY 1, 1920

CONTENTS.- No. 107. NOTES:- Alice in Wonderland' and Wordsworth's 'Leech-gatherer,' 161-London Coffee-houses, Taverns, and Inns in the Eighteenth Century, 162-"Strikes" in the Talmud, 164-Thomas Baschurch, Winchester Scholar, 165-A Gallician Inscription-Historical Inaccuracies, 166-Reference in Ruskin, 167. QUERIES:-Burton's 'Anatomy': "Deuce ace non ossunt" Van Balen: Charles Lamb-Toulmin, 167-Nicholas Brown-Marten Arms-Italy and India in the Fifteenth Century-Tom or Thoms: Nias - Coddington - Arthur Pole-Pigott-Wood (Thurston)-Light fro Marriage-'A New View of London, 1703, 168-Bronze of Shakespeare -Nouchette-Zeus and Chi-Whitelocke: Pryse: Scawen Etonians in the Eighteenth Century-Cistercian Abbess -J. Murdoch, Burns's Schoolmaster-Maffey Family, 169 Cookes of Ireland-De Celle-Walthamstow-Darnell and Thorp-Clergymen: Church of England: Roman Catholic-Caveac Tavern-Rev. John Gutch-LacauxMarsh-Maynard-John Jones's Lord Viscount Nelson' -Author of Quotation Wanted, 170. REPLIES:-Portuguese Embassy Chapel-Cornish and Devonian Priests Executed: George Stocker, 171Jacobite Memorial Rings Letter from the King (George IV.)- Celtic Patron Saints, 172-"The Lame Demon "The Baskett Bible-Constable the PainterHawke's Flagship. 173-Slates and Slate Pencils-Burial at Sea: Mildmay-"Cockagee":"Cypress," 174-Cantrell Family-Anne of Geierstein'-Petrograd: Monument of Peter the Great, 175-Yale and Hobbs-Walter Hamilton -Belt-buckle Plate and Motto-Finkle Street, 176-Mary Jones-Gender of " Dish" in Latin-Jenner FamilyBradshaw-Lancelot Blackburne-Italian St. Swithin's Day, 177-No Man's Land-Unannotated Marriages at Westminster-St. Leonard's Priory, Hants-Uncollected Kipling Items, 178.

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NOTES ON BOOKS: Paul-Louis Courier'-Devonshire House Reference Library.

OBITUARY:-Charles William Sutton.

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6

THAT those delightful books, Alice in Wonderland,' and 'Through the Lookingglass and what Alice found there,' contain far more interest for the mature reader than is apparent at first sight, is a very well known fact. And while one feels almost sacrilegious in attempting to dissect such wonderful dream-stories, there still is no question but that all through themespecially all through the 'Looking-glass book-Lewis Carroll deliberately provokes us to dissection, and no one can really be blamed for taking up the challenge.,

One of the most elusive passages in the two books is the White Knight's song, in chap. viii. of 'Through the Looking-glass.' The song is charming enough in itself; and it is in its metre a parody on Thomas More's 'My Heart and Lute,' as Mrs. Florence

'Alice'-the author himself gives the clue to that. But the real humour of the poem lies beyond that, and of this Lewis Carroll, in his characteristic way, has given no outward indication. To carry the White Knight's own description of his song one step further, "the song really is a delicious parody of Wordsworth's Resolution and Independence,' or 'The Leech-gatherer.' Once the connection is suggested, this fact seems to me so evident as hardly to need detailed explanation. The parody is far cleverer than a mere line-for-line imitation would have been. It is a parody of the essential spirit of Wordsworth's poem. A slight sketch of the "story" of each poem, while fair to the true spirit of neither, will show at least the unmistakable connection between the original poem and its parody. In 'Resolution and Independence poet is wandering in the country, at first happy, but soon, with a sudden spiritual change in mood, downhearted and despairing. He meets a man,

hairs.

the

The oldest man he seemed that ever wore grey who is wandering the country gathering leeches from the pools-a rather peculiar Occupation, by the way, the peculiarity of which Lewis Carroll realized to the fullest extent of its implications and greets him, asking him

What occupation do you there pursue?

The old man answers gently, but the poet's mind is wandering; he is comforted by the voice of the old man, but does not attend to what he is saying, and renews the question

How is it that you live, and what is it you do?

Again the old man answers gently. They part, and the poet determines in future despondent moods to make more firm his mind by thinking of the "Leech-gatherer on the lonely moor."

In the White Knight's song, the poet
Saw an aged aged man
A-sitting on a gate.

He asks the old man how he lives,

And his answer trickled through my head
Like water through a sieve.

The old man tells of various, astounding things he does, such as making butterflies into mutton-pies. Twice more the poet asks the old man the same question over again, thumping him on the head and shaking him "until his face was blue," while the old man continues to describe his varied occupations :

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..WARNING.

The Goldsmiths
and Silversmiths
Company have
no branch estab-
lishments in
Regent Street,
Oxford Street,
or elsewhere;
only one address
112 Regent
Street, London,
W.1.

THE

HE Tea and Coffee Service, with Tray, as illustrated, is an entirely hand-made reproduction of an antique-Queen Anne period - and is representative of a collection on view at the Goldsmiths and Silversmiths Company.

An Illustrated Catalogue will be posted free on request, or articles can be sent on approval, carriage paid at the Company's risk.

THE GOLDSMITHS & SILVERSMITHS COMPANY LTD

with which is incorporated The Goldsmiths Alliance Est 1751

Jewellers to H.M. the King,

LONDON, MAY 1, 1920

CONTENTS.- No. 107. NOTES: Alice in Wonderland' and Wordsworth's Leech-gatherer, 161-London Coffee-houses, Taverns, and Inns in the Eighteenth Century, 162-" Strikes" in the Talmud, 164-Thomas Baschurch, Winchester Scholar, 165-A Gallician Inscription-Historical Inaccuracies, 166-Reference in Ruskin, 167. QUERIES:-Burton's 'Anatomy': "Deuce ace non ossunt" Van Balen: Charles Lamb-Toulmin, 167-Nicholas Brown-Marten Arms-Italy and India in the Fifteenth Century-Tom or Thoms: Nias - Coddington - Arthur Pole-Pigott-Wood (Thurston)-Light fco Marriage-'A New View of London, 1703, 168-Bronze of Shakespeare -Nouchette-Zeus and Chi-Whitelocke: Pryse: Scawen Etonians in the Eighteenth Century-Cistercian Abbess -J. Murdoch, Burns's Schoolmaster-Maffey Family, 169 -Cookes of Ireland-De Celle-Walthamstow-Darnell and Thorp-Clergymen: Church of England: Roman Catholic-Caveac Tavern-Rev. John Gutch-LacauxMarsh-Maynard-John Jones's Lord Viscount Nelson -Author of Quotation Wanted, 170. REPLIES:-Portuguese Embassy Chapel-Cornish and Devonian Priests Executed: George Stocker, 171Jacobite Memorial Rings Letter from the King (George IV.)- Celtic Patron Saints, 172-"The Lame Demon "The Baskett Bible-Constable the Painter Hawke's Flagship. 173-Slates and Slate Pencils-Burial at Sea: Mildmay-"Cockagee":"Cypress," 174-Cantrell Family Anne of Geierstein'-Petrograd: Monument of Peter the Great, 175-Yale and Hobbs-Walter Hamilton -Belt-buckle Plate and Motto-Finkle Street, 176-Mary Jones-Gender of Dish" in Latin-Jenner FamilyBradshaw-Lancelot Blackburne-Italian St. Swithin's

Day, 177-No Man's Land-Unannotated Marriages at Westminster-St. Leonard's Priory, Hants-Uncollected Kipling Items, 178. NOTES ON BOOKS: Paul-Louis Courier'-Devonshire House Reference Library.

OBITUARY:-Charles William Sutton.

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6

THAT those delightful books, Alice in Wonderland,' and 'Through the Looking glass and what Alice found there,' contain far more interest for the mature reader than is apparent at first sight, is a very well known fact. And while one feels almost sacrilegious in attempting to dissect such wonderful dream-stories, there still is no question but that all through themespecially all through the 'Looking-glass ' book-Lewis Carroll deliberately provokes us to dissection, and no one can really be blamed for taking up the challenge.

One of the most elusive passages in the two books is the White Knight's song, in chap. viii. of 'Through the Looking-glass.' The song is charming enough in itself; and it is in its metre a parody on Thomas More's 'My Heart and Lute,' as Mrs. Florence

'Alice'—the author himself gives the clue to that. But the real humour of the poem lies beyond that, and of this Lewis Carroll, in his characteristic way, has given no outward indication. To carry the White Knight's own description of his song one step further, "the song really is a delicious 'Resolution and parody of Wordsworth's Independence,' or "The Leech-gatherer.' Once the connection is suggested, this fact seems to me so evident as hardly to need detailed explanation. The parody is far cleverer than a mere line-for-line imitation would have been. It is a parody of the essential spirit of Wordsworth's poem. A slight sketch of the "story of each poem, while fair to the true spirit of neither, will show at least the unmistakable connection between the original poem and its parody. In 'Resolution and Independence poet is wandering in the country, at first happy, but soon, with a sudden spiritual change in mood, downhearted and despairing. He meets a man,

the

The oldest man he seemed that ever wore grey

hairs.

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What occupation do you there pursue?

The old man answers gently, but the poet's mind is wandering; he is comforted by the voice of the old man, but does not attend to what he is saying, and renews the question

How is it that you live, and what is it you do?

Again the old man answers gently. They part, and the poet determines in future despondent moods to make more firm his mind by thinking of the Leech-gatherer on the lonely moor.

66

In the White Knight's song, the poet
Saw an aged aged man
A-sitting on a gate.

He asks the old man how he lives,

And his answer trickled through my head
Like water through a sieve.

The old man tells of various, astounding things he does, such as making butterflies into mutton-pies. Twice more the poet asks the old man the same question over again, thumping him on the head and "until his face was blue," shaking him while the old man continues to describe his varied occupations :

The foregoing outlines show, as it were, the skeleton of the parody. For the full humour of the song in 'Alice' one must really enter into the spirit of Wordsworth's poem-for that, it seems to me, is precisely what Lewis Carroll had done when he wrote his parody.

Finally the poet gets through his mind- Wordsworth's Journal.' The Aged Aged wanderings, and hears him. And after Man is, I am afraid, a good deal of a beggar,. that whenever the poet becomes despondent in spite of his extraordinary fertility of (through dropping on his toe a very heavy imagination. Now Wordsworth's old weight, for example), he weeps, for it Leech-gatherer, in the poem, is not a beggar reminds him of the aged aged man a-sitting in any sense-far from it. But listen to on a gate. Dorothy Wordsworth's more exact account of him: "His trade was to gather leeches ; but now leeches were scarce, and he had not strength for it. He lived by begging," &c. Perhaps it is as well not to investigate too closely into every nook and cranny of Lewis Carroll's imagination-to say nothing of the impossibility of investigating fully such a vast and complex realm. But the more one reads the Aged Aged Man' as a parody of Wordsworth, the more delightful it becomes. And when it is remembered that in one and the same song Lewis Carroll is parodying Wordsworth, is imitating ThomasMoore's poem, is making the "hero" of the song exactly fit the character of his White Knight, and, best of all, is producing a poem utterly delightful to a child as well as to a more sophisticated reader-well, the poem is fully worthy of a place equal with the more renowned " Jabberwocky.' GEORGE R. PORTER, B.A.

The various names which the Knight gives his son, too, are very probably further parodying of the two names of Wordsworth's poem. The resemblance between "The Aged Aged Man' and 'The Leech-gatherer,' between Ways and Means and Resolution and Independence' is certainly not accidental.

Some traits in the not altogether admirable character of the Aged Aged Man make me suspect very strongly that Lewis Carroll was pretty thoroughly acquainted, not only with the Wordsworth poem itself, but also with the history of the poem's composition, particularly the account of it in Dorothy

Cambridge. Mass.

6.

PRINCIPAL LONDON COFFEE-HOUSES, TAVERNS, AND INNS
IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

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(See ante. pp. 29, 59, 84, 105, 125, 143.)

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'Thornbury, ii. 19 and 20.

Warwick Wroth, p. 148.

A Twentieth-Century Palace,' 1908, p. 30.
Shelley's Inns,' p. 42; Hare, i. 348.

Plan of Great Fire, R. E. A. C., ' N. & Q.,"
Dec. 9, 1916, p. 462.

Wheatley's London,' iii. 379.

MacMichael's Charing Cross,' p. 128.
Roach's L.P.P., p. 52.

Matthew Prior's The Chameleon.'

Plan of Great Fire, R. E. A. C., ' N. & Q.,"

Dec. 9, 1916, p. 461.

Fielding's C.G.J., no. 2.

Chatterton to his sister, May. 30.

1723

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Roach's L.P.P., p. 55; Wheatley's 'Lon

don,' iii. 383.

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Dobson's 'Hogarth,' p. 49.

1725

1707

MacMichael's Charing Cross,' pp. 57, 165.. Farquhar's Beaux Stratagem,' Act IV.,. sc. i.

1713

Addison's Guardian, June 2; Wheatley's

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London,' iii. 383; Hare, i. 27.
Stirling's A.Y.H., i. 40.

1739 Dickins and Stanton, p. 13.

Stirling's A.Y.H., i. 333; Wheatley's-
London,' iii. 383.

Sydney's XVIIIth Century, p. 186;

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