He had already, on entering the city, had occasion to employ this tongue, but in less embarrassing circumstances :—

"L'archevêque de Tolède m'avoit engagé à loger chez lui, où j'allai descendre....J'y fus reçu par les deux neveux de l'archevêque....Les neveux étoient chanoines, et le cadet montroit de l'esprit et de la politesse; nous nous parlions latin" (ibidem, p. 344).

These extracts are of value as showingeven if we discount in advance any unconscious exaggeration on the writer's partthat the well-educated French nobleman of the day could, in an emergency, not only understand but also, after a fashion, speak the language that has become so dead to us. The surprise, however, of those present shows that such a feat was exceptional. But here, too, the question of pronunciation

The phrase "bien de la cuisine suggests a comparison with the experience of Grillparzer, the Austrian dramatist, about the year 1807, when, as a student of the University of Vienna, he attended the lectures of the Professor of Philosophy: these were ." in Küchenlatein abgehandelt; nur bei heftigen Aufwallungen bediente sich der übrigens höchst gutmütige Mann der deutschen Sprache" (Selbstbiographie,' ed. A. Keller, 1908, p. 26).

The third example comes at the close of

disant Prince de Béthune....' (Brussels: E. Flon, 1792), containing the official indictment of the conspiracy associated with. the name of the Comte de Béthune-Charost (cf., e.g., A. Borgnet, 'Histoire des Belges à la fin du dix-huitième Siècle,' tom. i., p. 251), the following statement appears regarding a certain letter of Anne-Françoisede Marck, which the Confédérés desired translated as propaganda for the Hapsburg. troops then quartered in Belgium :

"Mais....la de Marck....ne put trouver de traducteur Hongrois et elle se vit obligée....de faire faire la traduction en langue latine, qui est assez généralement familière aux troupes hongroises (ibidem, p. 20).

Here, by implication, all classes of Hungarians are credited with some slight knowledge of the language, obviously (in an Empire and realm so many-tongued) for a. practical end, and this citation appears to point the way to the use of Latin in the Magyar Diet which lingered on into the nineteenth century.

C. S. B. BUCKLAND.

DINWIDDIE FAMILY (12 S. vii. 7, 54).— Of those in America were Robert Dinwiddie who was Lieut.-Governor of Virginia, 1751 to 1758, and died July 28, 1770, whose relict died in 1793; and another Robert Dinwiddie who died at Germinston, Sept. 12,. 1789 (Gent. Mag.). The Army List, 1827, has Gilbert Dinwiddie, & Deputy-Assistant Commissary General from Sept. 5, 1814. A variation of the name appears in this entry in The Gent. Mag., Sept. 6, 1783 :—

"Mr. Dinwoodie, of Queen-squ., Bloomsbury, m. to Mrs. Cobb, of Chelsea, relict of Mr. C. an eminent cabinet-maker in St. Martin's lane, and formerly partner with the late Mr. Hallet of Cannons."

The Rev. William Thomas Dinwoody, eldest son of William D., of Castletown, Isle of Man, gent., was curate of Kirk Andreas there, 1869, until he died 1876. (Foster's Alumni Oxon ').

W. R. WILLIAMS.

OLD SEMAPHORE TOWERS (12 S. vi. 335; vii. 14, 32, 55).-I have a water-colour drawing of the cottage on Telegraph Hill, Hampstead, surmounted by the telegraph, which was executed by John James Park, when a boy, in 1808. This is the only known illustration and is reproduced in the Annals of Hampstead,' vol. iii. p. 376, with an

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author of the first history of Hampstead. The illustration shows the shutter system of telegraphing. It is to be hoped that the name Telegraph Hill" will be perpetuated in some way or another, as this site may shortly be built on; it has been in the market more than once. Before this telegraph was erected (and presumably the building was put up to carry it) this emimence bore the name of "One Tree Hill." I never could understand my friend, the late Mr. G. W. Potter saying that the first station on the London-Yarmouth "chain Chelsea, surely it must have been Hampstead, starting from the Admiralty, Whitehall, which was doubtless headquarters.

was

Several of the old illustrations of this building show semaphores on the top, but these are not referred to, they simply form part of the picture. (See T. H. Shepherd's 'London in the Nineteenth Century,' &c.) F. E. NEWTON.

"Hampstead," Upminster, Essex. EMERSON'S ENGLISH TRAITS' (12 S. vii. 31).-18. When Emerson attributed to Landor the remark that Wordsworth "wrote a poem without the aid of war," he may have forgotten to verify the quotation. In an imaginary conversation Landor made Southey say: "Let Wordsworth prove to the world that there may be animation without blood and broken bones " (Landor's Works,' 1876, iv. 29). This may be what Emerson had in his mind.

STEPHEN WHEELER. Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W.1. SAILORS' CHANTIES (12 S. vii. 48, During my scholastic days at Worksop College, Notts., I remember on one occasion a Mr. F. Ferguson coming down to give a lecture on Folk Songs and Folk-Lore of the :Sea.' If S. C. writes to the Rev. Marchant Pearson of the above college, and asks him about this lecturer, he will get all the information required. A few points contained in it might interest your correspondents. The time of the so-called songs was easy, nevertheless possessed rhythm, as in 'Salt Horse' and 'Boney was a Warrior.' These two represented their work songs. Most of the songs composed by the tars were sad, resting particularly on shipwrecks and disasters, and were put down to the sailors' hard life. Sailors were always, more or less, superstitious, as we may see from the fact that they never alluded in their songs to their great sea-captains, but would compose a song about a sea-serpent.

William Duell escaped perhaps on account of his age; he was only 16. Anne Green escaped from the fortunate chance that she was hanged at Oxford. About the same time a woman was hanged in another part of Oxfordshire for the same offence, revived, and on the next day was hanged again. At least two pamphlets were written on the subject of Anne Green. One, of which there are several imprints and two editions, contained verses written by various undergraduates.

In the register of St. George's Church, Southwark, 1610, is the entry "Michael Banks, out of King's Bench Prison. Executed. Did revive again: was in the vestry three hours and was then carried back and executed again.”

In a little book called A Murderer

of the hanging of Thomas Savage, aged 15, on Oct. 28, 1668. He revived, but within four hours the officers " conveyed him to the place of execution again and hung him up again until he was quite dead."

A curious complication arose at Naples in 1715 where a man was hanged, cut down, clothed in a shroud, and revived. Disliking his garment he asked the hangman for his clothes, who claimed them as his perquisites and refused to give them up, which the prisoner said he ought to do as he had not been hanged properly. In the heat of argument the criminal seized a knife and stabbed the hangman in his belly.

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A. W. Oxford.

Charing Cross Hospital, Strand, W.C 2.

There is the whilom well-known case of half-hangit Maggie Dickson." Convicted in 1724 at Edinburgh of concealment of pregnancy, she experienced the tender mercies of the hangman in the Grassmarket, where so many in the old days did "glorify God," 'having, after the allotted time, her legs dragged down, and undergoing other certainties of work well accomplished, and being then handed over to the doctors. After a scuffle with some surgeon-apprentices her friends got possession of her body, and, as it turned out, of her spirit also, which was aroused by the jolting of the cart on its way to Inveresk, to which place she belonged. Of easy virtue, she had several children afterwards, but in the end successfully died an ale house keeper in Edinburgh. "Jupiter Carlyle of Inveresk, in a note in the old Statistical Account, refers to the J. L. ANDERSON.

as

case.

Edinburgh.

A record case of resuscitation occurred at Oxford in the seventeenth century. Besides the case of Ann Green in 1650, another woman, whose name is not preserved, was hanged at Green Ditch (now St. Margaret's Road) on May 4, 1658, and revived after she was cut down. But in this case the city bailiffs broke in, seized her and inhumanly hung her again in Broken Hayes, now the lower part of George Street, near the castle. The incident is related both in Plot's Natural History of Oxfordshire' and in Wood's 'Life.'

FAMA.

I

If Mr. F. C. WHITE examines Chambers's Journal for March 24, 1866, he will find recorded ጾ score of historical cases. have many taken from The Gentleman' 2

long to give here. One is especially curious of a man who like Duell (not Duett) came to life at the post mortem, and the surgeon gave him a blow on the head with a maliet and killed him. In Ireland the friends used to stand under the scaffold and support the hanging man for an hour, and then tried their best to kill him with whiskey. They tried to hang John Lee (1885) twice, and not three times, as stated.

R. C. NEWICK.

12 Glebe Road, St. George, Bristol.

On particular occasions resuscitation after hanging was deliberately attempted as is exemplified in the case of the Rev. II. Dodd, L.L.D., Preacher at the Magdalen, who was executed on June 27, 1777, for forgery. It is recorded :

"The weather was most variable, changing perpetually from bright sunshine to heavy storms of rain, during one of which latter pelting showers he was turned off at Tyburn. His body, con veyed to a house in the city of London, under. it was hoped, might restore animation. Pott, the went every scientific professional operation which, celebrated surgeon, was present to direct them (Jesse's George Selwyn and his Contemporaries,' 1844, vol. iii. p. 196). J. P. DE C.

LOWESTOFT CHINA (12 S. vii. 49,) — MR. ACKERMANN will find some information in Gillingwater's History of Lowestoft,'-the later edition. I have only been able to consult the original edition of 1790 at the British Museum, which does not notice it. I purchased a volume of this book for a lady at Brighton who asked the same question, and there was a paragraph at the end on this ware, rather brief, yet to the purpose. There is an imitation of this ware on view at Miss Northcutt's china warehouse at St. Leonards, which is thought by many critics to be good and worthy of notice.

Barking.

W. W. GLENNY,

Yes. There was a china factory thero which started in 1757 and closed in 1803. There was a great deal of interest aroused in 1902 and 1903 by the unearthing of some moulds and fragments of china on the site of the old factory, a portion of which-the kiln-is still standing and is situated in Factory Street, forming part of the premises of Messrs. E. and G. Morse, the brewers. Some specimens of china actually manu factured at Lowestoft are very rare and valuable. I would refer MR. ACKERMANN to

China was certainly made at Lowestoft, and a very complete account of the factory will be found in a privately printed monograph issued in 1909, by F. A. Crisp. It gives an illustrated account of the present state of the buildings that once formed the factory at Lowestoft, with some description of the plaster moulds that had been used in the manufacture and were found buried on the site. An account will also be found in Gillingwater's History of Lowestoft,' 1790. Some sixty to seventy men were found employment, and an agency and warehouse were established in London. The works were closed in 1803 as the change from wood to coal for firing purposes made it impossible to compete with the Midland potteries.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

Lowestoft china is well known to collectors, and is much prized. In consequence of the discovery of some hopeful clay near the town, about the middle of the eighteenth century, a porcelain factory was established there, which, I think I may say, equalled the Orient in the fineness of its pâte. The decoration was often in an eastern style, though use was also frequently made of English subjects or suggestions. The Lowestoft works closed in 1803 or 1804. All this, and more, is to be read in English Pottery and Porcelain,' London, The Bazaar Office, Wellington Street, W. ST. SWITHIN.

This question is fully dealt with in Chaffers' 'Pottery and Porcelain and the various legends which have cropped up concerning it are examined and dismissed. The factory was first established in 1756, and was successfully carried on until 1803 when the best of the workmen were attracted elsewhere by higher wages and left. The kaolin was not imported from China or Cornwall-as sometimes stated, but was found on the shore about Lowestoft itself. It was to this discovery that the china factory owed its

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A LITERARY HOAX (12 S. vii. 8, 53).— The interesting reply of FAMA " to my query contains local information which I am glad to have unexpectedly revealed, and once again goes to show how extremely valuable N. & Q.' may be to its readers. For some years I possessed a small pamphlet published here entitled 'Jackanory,' by A. British Matron, and failed to find the author's name. Now "FAMA " reveals it, as this pamphlet contains In Touraine—a Miniature,' a poem of 17 four line stanzas. Mrs. Watts-Jones was a sister of John K. Cross, M.P., for Bolton, 1874-1885, and one time Secretary of State for India. ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

PUSSYFOOT (12 S. vii. 90).-Some years ago a Commission was formed in the United States to see that drink prohibition was enforced among the North American Indians. The chief enforcement officer proved to be a very astute individual for during his tenure of office he secured no less than 3,000 convictions for illicit liquor selling. The Indians named him "Pussyfoot owing to the swift and silent unexpectednessof many of his coups. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

'HISTORY OF THE NAVY: H.M.S. COVENTRY (12 S. vii. 47, 94).-The Coventry, Capt. William Wolseley, was not captured cn Jan. 11, 1782, as stated by Sir W. L. Clowes, but on Jan. 12, 1783, having sailed to within half a gunshot of the French Fleet, mistaking them in the fog for East Indiamen.

At the court martial held on June 16, 1784, it was found that "the Captain, Officers, and Ships company exerted themselves to the utmost to escape but in vain,"

My brain was filled with rests of thought,
No more by currving wares distraught,
As lazing dreamily I lay

In my Canoodian canay.

Ah me, methought, how leef wore swite
If men could neither wreak nor spite;
No erring bloomers, no more slang,
No tungles then to trip the tang!
No more the undergraddering tits
Would exercise their woolish fits
With tidal ales (and false, I wis)
Of my fame-farred tamethesis !

I do not think the instance has been given of the cox at the Oxford eights, who at the starting-point gave the order, "stroke her backside." I may add that I can remember as a schoolboy hearing the master who was reading the lesson in chapel say "duff and demb,' and correct himself, demb and duff." CINQVOYS.

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The defect commonly known as Spoonerism is known in medical parlance as "Marrowskying," a term which has often puzzled me and gave me no suggestion of its origin. MR. WHIBLEY'S contribution that in 1863 it was known as the language Marouski leads one a step further and points probably to an individual of that name. May one of your readers track him to his lair! As MR. MENMUIR appears to be seeking something more than examples of Spoonerism he may be interested in the psychological explanation of the defect. It is said to be due to the intrusion of the subconsciousness of the speaker. We subconsciously construct our sentences before uttering them and sometimes the preliminary work gets mixed up with the timber. The British Medical Journal some years ago (alas! the date is torn off my cutting) gave an extract from an article by Professor Jastrow in The Literary Digest. The Professor says:

cal

as

some of these the nicer, more delicate, less familiar ones will receive the major attention, while the routine factors engage but a minor degree of concerr. Slight fluctuations in the condition of the speaker-physiological ones, such as fatigue, and for the most part, psychologiones, such excitement, apprehension, embarrassment-will induce variations in the typical slips of the tongue or pen and still more nicety of adjustment that are recognizable as of the tongue-and-pen-guiding mechanism.... There are the anticipations, persistencies, the interchanges, the substitutions and the entanglement of letters, and of words-all of them in

dicative of shortcomings in the minute distribu

tion of attention and co-ordination."

Marrowskying occurs in writing and should always be reckoned with in the interpretation of difficult passages in MSS. RORY FLETCHER.

"the slang used by medical students at the hospitals. At the London University they have a way of disguising English, described by Albert Smith as the Gower Street Dialect which consists in transposing the initials of words." C. P. HALE.

I tremble when I think what my father, one of your oldest contributors and jealous admirers, would have said, had he survived to find you collecting Spoonerisms. But, which should by no means be omitted :— if it be done at all, here are some of the best,

JEDEDIAH BUXTON (12 S. vii, 29).—The full account in Granger's 'Wonderful Museum,' vol vi, 3108-3111 (1808) says he "had several children. He died in 1778, being about seventy years of age; and gives his portrait, representing him at a much earlier period of life than as figured in Wilson's Wonderful Characters,' and elsewhere. Notices of him and his arithmetical feats are in The Gentleman's Magazine for August 1751, and December, 1753