advertised. He adds that Canada “gives railway travellers the most pretentious but the most unsatisfactory accommodation in the British Empire." This is a hard saying, and we doubt if it can be justified. BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES-MAY. MR. L. C. BRAUN'S Catalogue 63 has under topography views of London and the suburbs, including churches. There are also a number of portraits. Under Antiquarian Brochures is a collection of 14 pamphlets formerly the property of Leigh Sotheby, offered for 10s. Messrs. Andrew Iredale & Son send from Torquay their Catalogue 78, containing Gardiner's Cromwell,' double set of the plates (except the coloured one), Japanese vellum, 51. 58. Works on Devon include Burnard's Dartmoor Pictorial Records,' 4 vols., complete (only 150 sets were completed), 1891-4, 47. 48. Mr. David Johnstone's Edinburgh Catalogue LX. contains Barrie's Works, Author's Edition, New York, 1896, on Japan paper, 8 vols., halfvellum, new, 5l. 108.; Burns's Works, with Life by Robert Chambers, large paper, 4 vols., royal 8vo, 21. 108.; Hogarth, 1822, with the suppressed plates, atlas folio, 51. 58. ; Scott, Dryburgh Edition, large paper, 25 vols., 41. 108.; The Scott Gallery,' in 2 cases, 61. 68. ; the Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Scotland, 1861-70, 2 vols., folio, 21. 2s. ; Acts of the General Assembly of the Scottish Church,' 20 vols., folio, 221. 108. (a complete set, newly bound in full calf); and Hogg's Jacobite Relics of Scotland,' the genuine edition of both volumes, 1819-21, 11. 10s. Under Thackeray is his Essay on Cruikshank and Leech,' 1840, extra-illustrated, full morocco. 51. 10s.; also the 1884 edition, edited by Church and extra-illustrated, 41. 128. 6d. There are items under Edinburgh, Scotland, Trials, &c, To Messrs. Maggs Brothers we offer our congratulations on their year of jubilee. Their Catalogue 256 is a commemorative one, and rightly opens with a portrait of the founder of the firm, Mr. U. Maggs. The business was carried on by him until 1894, when he retired in favour of his sons. This new Catalogue contains a choice selection from the stock of rarities possessed by the firm, and is beautifully illustrated. We note a few items as indications of the treasures to be found. A perfect copy of Hakluyt, with the rare American maps, 5 vols., folio, 1625-6, is 701.; the first edition of Sense and Sensibility,' 3 vols., original boards, 1811, 457.; a fine copy of the first issue of Robinson Crusoe,' 2 vols., in the original calf, 1719, 2501.; the editio princeps of Homer, Florence, 1488, 2 vols., folio, eighteenth-century morocco extra, 245l.; the first edition of Endymion,' with the 5 line errata, 301.; first editions of Elia,' both series, 1823-33, 2 vols., uncut, levant by Rivière, 521. 10s.; first collected edition of Milton's poems, 1645, a fine tall copy, levant by Rivière, 185l. ; and uncut copy in boards of the first edition of Guy Mannering,' 1815, 751. The First Folio, very tall copy, in fine condition, levant by Rivière, is 9007. One of the tallest copies of the Second Folio is 2107. There is also a fine copy of the Fourth Folio, 731. 108. Under Shelley are an uncut copy of the first edition of St. Irvyne,' Stockdale, 1811, 521. 108. and the Vegetarian pamphlet, ‘A Vindication of Natural Diet,' 1813, 2857. The Catalogue is rich in autograph letters and MSS. A beautifully illuminated Psalter executed for Charles VII. is 1,5007. Under Rossetti are 17 letters to Mrs. Blake, all on Blake and his works, 49 closely written pages, 527. 10s. Under Swinburne are the original MS. of The Triumph of Time,' 12 folio pages, 210.; and his poem, To Victor Hugo,' 9 folio pages, 210. Among many other letters are 7 of Lady Hamilton's from Naples, 1793, 38/. 10s. ; and one of Carlyle's, Chelsea, 17 May, 1847, to the Rev. R. W. Landis on Cromwell, 10. 10s. The Catalogue also contains a selection of portraits and decorative subjects, many printed in colours. The illustrations include Burns after Nasmyth, Miss Farren after Zoffany, and Mrs. Mathew after Reynolds. Altogether it is a worthy Jubilee Catalogue. Mr. F. Marcham of Tottenham publishes No. 1 of a Rough List of Deeds, Charters, and Court Rolls relating to Derbyshire, Kent, Middlesex, &c. Under London we note St. Clement Danes, Parochial Charities, 1552-1701, 31. 38. quarics' List of Buckinghamshire Deeds and Mr. Marcham also sends Part 2 of The AntiDocuments, and Part 3 of a similar list for Surrey. Mr. John Orr's Edinburgh Catalogue 28 contains works under Church of Scotland ranging from 1654 to 1840. Under Edinburgh and Jacobite are interesting lists. Under Episcopal are pamphlets relating to Calder; and under Forfar is Look before Ye Loup,' by Tam Thrum. Under Law are some old Scotch cases, including a Bill of Suspension as to Houses in new Extension of Edinburgh, 1817; it contains a plan before North Bridge was built. Napoleon items include Whately's Historic Doubts.' Under Slavery are pamphlets by Clarkson, Wilberforce, Granville Sharp, and John Gladstone of Liverpool. There are a number of Trials, besides Volunteer songs of the sixties. Under Family History are There is also a fine clean copy of Nisbet's MSS. collected by Alex. Deuchar, genealogist. Heraldry,' which belonged to Burnett, Lyon King (a few pages in vol. ii. are supplied in neat MS.), 2 vols., 1816, 71. 78. Under Historians of Scotland is a collection of 10 vols., including Fordun's 1871-80, 47, 48. Chronicles,' Wyntoun's, &c., uncut, royal 8vo, A fine copy of Maitland's' Edinburgh,' folio, panelled calf, 1753, is 17. 158. Maps, Views, and Plans include America, Australia, and Canada. There are also old views in Scotland. 6 [Notices of several Catalogues held over.] Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. C. M. ("Tace is Latin for a candle ").-See 7 S. v. 85, 235, 260, 393. G. W. E. R.-Forwarded. LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1910. were Twice the nation has quivered with hope and fear over the illness of the monarch- -once when, as Prince of Wales, in 1871, he wrestled night and day in the grip of fever; and again when the Coronation was so dramatically postponed. But these attacks surmounted with so great a heart and so vigorous a constitution, and we were so reassured by King Edward's wonderful activity in all kingly duties, that we hoped to see him for many years a power in the land, the best of interpreters of the people's voice. To the very end he insisted on working; he did not come to the throne as a young man, but throughout his reign of nine years he showed an example of untiring labour in the service of the State which should be the admiration of all thinking men. He is known everywhere as Edward the Peacemaker, and in England specially as a consolidator of Empire. CONTENTS.-No. 20. KING EDWARD VII. NOTES:-Hereditary Standard-Bearer of Scotland, 381- QUERIES:-Edward: 'Iorwerth VII.-A. M. Ross-W. K.- REPLIES:-"The Peter Boat and Doublet," 390-Eight NOTES ON BOOKS:- Hakluyt Society Publications 'Burlington Magazine.' Booksellers' Catalogues. Notices to Correspondents. Notes. STANDARD-BEARER OF SCOTLAND. HEREDITARY Happy as a King." The proverb belongs to fairy lore. There is more truth in the words with which Rous seau began a letter about princely education: "Si j'avais le malheur d'être né prince." Edward VII. went through the tedium of function after function with unfailing grace and good humour. A sportsman and a man of the world, he met with an open mind the strife of parties and religions; his personal intercourse with his subjects extended far beyond the limits of the Court; the abundant touches of humanity which marked his career won for him and his gracious consort OUR friends in Scotland will probably be pleased to have a note in 'N. & Q.' on this subject. every way a Queen, but most queenly in her gift of compassion-the universal affection of his people. After long litigation, judgment was given by the Lord Chancellor on the 7th of April in the appeal of Henry Scrymgeour Wedderburn of Birkhill, Fife, against the judgment of the Scotch Court of Session in the action raised by the Earl of Lauderdale in 1902, as to the right to the hereditary office of Standard-Bearer to the King of Scotland. The Court of Claims had decided in favour of Mr. Wedderburn, who accordingly carried the banner of Scotland at the coronation of our late beloved sovereign King Edward; but the result of the action of declarator in the Scotch Courts was that the claim of the Earl of Lauderdale to the office was upheld. The question in dispute was whether the appellant (who was a Scrymgeour in BARETTI: A LITTLE-KNOWN BOOK. male line) was entitled to the ancient and THE following book is not correctly described hereditary title, honour, or office of Royal in any bibliography of Baretti, and was Scottish Standard-Bearer, called the "Ban- thought to have disappeared, though there ner," granted to the appellant's ancestor, is a copy in the British Museum :the first of the surname of Scrymgeour, before the year 1290. The respondent had no connexion with the family of Scrymgeour, but contended that the " Banner," although an hereditary grant, was capable of being alienated by sale or otherwise in the appellant's family, and that it had been so alienated and passed to a predecessor of the respondent, through whom it had descended, as again hereditary, to the respondent. The appellant contended that the "Banner 22 was not capable of alienation, but was vested in his family in right of blood, and that the respondent, therefore, had, and could have, no valid title thereto. The Lord Chancellor, in delivering a long and elaborate judgment, considered that the Earl of Lauderdale was very ill-advised in renewing the controversy which had been settled by the Court of Claims. As a result of the renewed litigation, they had a mass of confused, lengthy, and in many respects totally irrelevant archæological matter. He was satisfied that they were not bound to hold that the office of StandardBearer of Scotland was of such a character that it could be treated as a matter of commerce : "It was an office attached to the blood; and if the blood failed, the grant was spent and the office was extinct. If the grant was spent, the King might, in the absence of statutory prohibition, grant it again to some one else, because the sovereign was the fountain of all dignity. But it happened that in 1455 an Act of Parliament was passed in Scotland prohibiting the Crown from doing anything of the kind. The consequence was that, as he thought, this was fatal to plaintiff's alleged title. The ancient dignity belonged to the family of Scrymgeour, and had belonged to them since, apparently, the thirteenth century." The Lord Chancellor referred to two Scottish Acts of Parliament-one of the year 1594, under which the present appellant is unquestionably and indisputably the heir of entail"; but he preferred not to found his decision upon that Act, although he was far from saying " that he could reject the claim of the appellant if it rested only on that Act. The other Act is that of 1660, by which this office and dignity goes to the heirs male of the Scrymgeour blood. This summary has been made from the two reports in The Times and Daily Telegraph of the 8th of April. JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS. "An Introduction to the Italian language, containing specimens both of Prose and Verse; with a literal Translation and Grammatical Notes for the Use of those who, being already acquainted with Grammar, attempt to learn without a Master. Addere quam profert novus Italus ore loquelam. Milton. By Giuseppe Baretti. London: Printed for A. Millar, in the Strand. 1755."-Pp. xi.-467. The translations are as literal as possible. "A free translation was not intended," says Baretti in the Preface, "because it would not have served my end, which is to teach Italian, not English." The notes, too, are very concise, and are only given when absolutely necessary. Baretti provides no lives of the authors, "because I do not make my collection to gratify curiosity, but to assist instruction and facilitate study." Scholars know who the authors are, while those who are learning Italian for business purposes would not care. If he had attempted a full account, his Preface would have been longer than his book. This is certainly true when one considers the large number of authors quoted, a list of whom appears upon the title-page: Redi, Galileo, Manfredi, Giampietro Zanotti, Annibale Caro, Antonmaria Salvini, Raphael, Baldassare Castiglione, Andrea Navagero, Guicciardini, Davila, Machiavelli, Trissino, Boccaccio, Metastasio, Ariosto, Tasso, Lorenzo Giustiniano, Michelangelo, Politian, Lorenzo de' Medici, Girolamo Fracastoro, Marguerite de Valois (Queen of Navarre), Giovanni della Casa, Bellini, Petrarch, and, last of all, Milton, who is represented by his sonnet Donna leggiadra, il cui bel nome onora. Dante, of course, would be out of place in so elementary a book. 66 22 The prose precedes the poetry, the familiar letters coming first of all. The taste of the day is shown by the fact that pp. 274 to 356 are given to Metastasio's Attilio Regolo,' while Tasso's 'Gerusalemme' gets only ten pages. But probably a modern play is more useful educationally than a great poem, though Ariosto gets his full share of attention. A good slice of the 'Corte giano' is given, it is pleasing to note. Boccaccio is represented by his description of the plague. It was doubtless for this book that Baretti required Crescimbeni's 'Istoria della volgar poesia,' which Johnson begged Wharton to lend him in 1755. Baretti probably felt the need of some such compilation while to Northern France from Provence; then it giving lessons; and it must be admitted was probably confounded with the name that, thanks to these selections, to Baretti's cerf-volant applied to the long-horned or Italian dictionary and to his Easy Phrase- stag beetle. ology—an admirable book still for getting a good Italian vocabulary-the numerous students of Italian at the end of the eighteenth century were far better provided with tools than are the few who learn that language in England to-day. Now that Italian can be offered for the Civil Service examination, we may at least hope that better days are before it in this country. LACY COLLISON-MORLEY. MAY DAY CELEBRATION AT BRIGHTON.Being at Brighton on 1 May, I was struck with the extent to which May Day was celebrated-for purposes of monetary collection-by the poorer children there, though, as the date fell this year on a Sunday, the celebration took place on 30 April and 2 May. These children, in bands of five, were to be met in almost every street, bedecked not only with brightly coloured paper garlands, but with paper flowers liberally attached to every part of their outer garments. Halting at intervals, and four solemnly walking round and round their companion stationary in the centre, they sang a curious compound of old melodies and new, passing abruptly from a sweet air dealing with that which is underneath the trees or underneath the ground to 22 22 John Brown's body 's on a sour apple tree, and then to what sounded very like a rhymed 22 A. F. R. KITE OR DRAGON.-How did a boy's kite come to be called a cerf-volant in French? It has not the slightest resemblance to a flying stag. Littré gives no clue. But in Provençal it is serp-voulánto, the flying serpent, showing the same idea as in the Scots " dragon." The term must have come Now comes the question why a kite should be called a flying snake or a dragon. The reason was probably that shooting-stars were called dragons, and the kite was likened to one of those meteors. The name applied to the shooting-star arose from the myth of the carbuncle. It is believed in India that when a cobra, burrowing in the ground, finds a buried crock of gold, he curls himself upon the gold, and broods there until the gold becomes concentrated into a gem, the mánikam, the carbuncle ("whiche by nyght shyneth as a cole brennyng," quot. 'N.E.D.'). The cobra then takes the mánikam in his mouth and flies away to bathe in the sea. A shooting-star is the brilliant gem shining in the cobra's flight. EDWARD NICHOLSON. Paris. 66 AVIATION AND LICHFIELD.-At a time 22 aviators in succession have when two flown from London to Lichfield, the accompanying excerpt from The Times of 28 April may perhaps find place in N. & Q.' :— Sir,-The following coincidence may have some interest for your readers. To-day, when this town has had the honour to receive Mr. Grahame-Whiteon his descent from the clouds, I fell upon the following paragraph in the 'Letters' of Miss Anna Seward, the Lichfield blue-stocking and the friend of Dr. Johnson : 66 "Lichfield, Nov. 7, 1784. The fame of Lunardi's aerial tour must have reached you......Infinite seems the present rage To be imprison'd in the viewless winds, This pendant world. when making abstracts from old wills for historical tradition-if for Charles II. we genealogical purposes, I have noted lists of insert Lord Cowper, and for Nell Gwyn, books. Here is one. Nathaniel Brading, Elizabeth Culling, the resemblance is estabson of William Brading, of Godsall, Isle of lished. For to be frank, she was that Wight, made nobleman's mistress, and the fact is set forth in A New Description of all the Counties in England and Wales,' by R. R., 1744, where at p. 315 we are told : An Inventory of what Adventures & necessaries I carrie to the East Indies with me in the Rebecca Mr. Buckham Master. primo ffebruary Anno. 1644[-5]. gresse: BOOKES. A large Bible: The Soules proSincere Convert, Mr. Lockers workes, Practice of pietie, Historicall meditations, young mans Warneing yeere, heaven and earth, Judgement of humane actions, Quarles his Emblemes, God and Man, Emblemes of light: A treatise of Melancholy: The History of man. A psalme Booke, Naturall philosophie: Dou Bartus or all siluesters workes. Innocency and truth triumphing. A triangular Canon. Ovid De tristibus English, East India trade, Lysander and Calista, Exemplary Novells, 2 sermon bookes written: 2 table bookes large, 5 large pay bookes, A booke of musicke: Essayes vpon the five Sences, Experience Historie and divinity the language of the hand : The Compleat gentleman. The testator was heir of his uncle Richard Kent of New England. The will was dated in Augustine Bay in Isle of Madagascar, 16 Nov., 1645, and proved in London 1 July, 1648, by his father William Brading (116 Essex). I have carefully copied it, but the punctuation is obscure. A. RHODES. A HERTFORDSHIRE NELL GWYN: ELIZABETH CULLING.-Upon the south-east side of Hertingfordbury Churchyard is an altartomb, enclosed within iron railings. The inscription thereon reads :: E.C. Obiit ye 27th of November 1703 Above this is a coat of arms upon a lozenge shape shield, enclosed in an oval panel of arabesques-the arms being a griffin segreant, on a canton a fleur-de-lis. The tradition current in the village and neighbourhood is that the tomb covers the remains of Nell Gwyn, the famous actress and mistress of King Charles II., the initials E. C., which are easily read E. G., lending colour to the story. No less a person than the Rev. John Skinner, who kept an illus. trated diary in the early part of the last century (preserved among the Add. MSS. in the B.M.), visited the place on 26 March, 1810, while staying at Hertford, and made a sketch of the tomb, underneath which he has written : 66 Nell Gwin's Tombstone in Hertingfordbury Ch'yard." Now the ashes interred beneath the altartomb are those of Miss Elizabeth Culling of Hertingfordbury Park, who died on 27 Nov., 1703; but-and this shows the value of "The Seat of the Earl Cowper, here called Hertingfordbury Park, was the estate of Mrs. Elizabeth Culling, who lies buried in the churchyard. This Lady having two natural Children by that Lord, a son and a Daughter, the former dying soon after he came of age, the young Lady his sister sold this Estate in the year 1720 to her Father's Brother, the late Judge Cowper, for fifty years' Purchase at least, and he again disposed of it to his Brother, the late great Lord Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England." None of the county historians make any allusion to this mésalliance. Chauncy (1700) gives an engraving of the house, which he calls "The Parke, and states that it was built by John Culling, a merchant of London, about 1650.* He informs us that Culling had issue John and Elizabeth, and he dying in 1687, his son John became the owner thereof. Clutterbuck (1814) says that upon the death of John Culling the estate came to his sister Elizabeth, whose heirs conveyed it to Spencer Cowper, Esq., Chief Justice of W. B. GERISH. Chester. Bishop's Stortford. THE HORSE IN VENICE.-The Venetians are held by certain of their writers to have been the first to employ (in modern times) "light cavalry." This took the form of (and perhaps Albanians), subject to the militia composed of Stradiotti, or Greeks Republic after the capture of the Peloponnessus, where, apparently, the pasture-lands Strabo's day), which were remarkably fleet still raised abundance of horses (as in of foot. dexterity of their masters, were owing so To this quality, as well as to the does not hesitate to call these Greek mermany victories on land that Guicciardini cenaries the nerve of the Venetian army. It is even probable that horses were more familiar animals at Venice in the days of Edward III. than were cows in those of Victoria t; though the animals kept there by various nobles were probably of a largerboned and showier breed than those of the of Bayfordbury, who had purchased the estate. Venetian lady who had never left the city, and |