[CLAIM OF YORK STILL ENFORCED BY THE POPE.]

Mureuensi, S[imeoni] Sancti Petri in Ross, et A[ndree] Catenessensi Episcopis, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Quociens in aliqua Ecclesia, Diuina clementia disponente, talis pastor statuitur, de cuius discretione atque prudentia bonam fiduciam optinemus; tanto maiori gaudio ex hoc ipso replemur, quanto de omnium Ecclesiarum profectu cogimur existere studiosi. Et ideo venerabilem fratrem nostrum Rogerum, Archiepiscopum Eborac. et metropolitanum vestrum, debita benignitate suscepimus; et pallium, pontificalis scilicet plenitudinem potestatis, ipsi concessimus; atque circa nos aliquantum diu commorantem, sicut illum quem sincero cordis affectu speciali prerogativa diligimus, honeste tractavimus; et cum inter fratres et coepiscopos nostros, sicut decuit, carum habuimus. Ipsum itaque ad Ecclesiam suam cum gratia sedis Apostolice et litterarum nostrarum prosecucione, ducente Domino, redeuntem, fraternitati vestre attentius commendamus; presentium auctoritate precipiendo mandantes, ut eum tanquam metropolitanum vestrum diligere et honorare curetis, et debitam ei obedientiam ac reuerentiam metropolitico iure, occasione seposita, deferatis. Quod si non feceritis, et ei nolueritis obedire, scire uos uolumus, quod nos sententiam, quam idem frater noster in aliquem vestrum propter hoc canonice promulgaverit, nos, auctore Deo, ratam habebimus. Dat. Rome, apud Sanctum Petrum, III. kal. Marcii. [MS. Cott. Cleop. C. IV. 19 b, sq.; and in W., I. 481.]

a The absence of this Bull from the York Registers is remarkable.

The initial letter here is wrong. Samson was Bishop of Brechin from before A.D. 1153 (see above, p. 216), and remained so until certainly after A.D. 1171 (he signs a charter with

Simon Bishop of Moray, consecrated in that year, Chron. de Mailr.). His successor Turpin, whose name probably misled the copyist, was elected A.D. 1178. The other Bishops are correctly named.

A.D. 1157, Aug. 10. Signia. Bull of Adrian IV. to Edward Bishop of Aberdeen, confirming the rights and possessions of the See of Aberdeen and authorizing the appointment of Canons there".

REG. ABERD.-ADRIANUS EPISCOPUS SERUUS SERUORUM DEI, venerabili fratri Edwardo Abbirdonensi Episcopo eiusque successoribus canonice substituendis in perpetuum, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. [The Bull is of the usual form, containing a list of the possessions of the see of Aberdeen, but containing also the following clause:] Præterea monachos sive Canonicos in tua cathedrali ecclesia iuxta dispositionem tuam instituendi liberam auctoritate sedis Apostolice habeas

[POPE ALEXANDER III. TO THE CLERGY OF S. ANDREW's.]

facultatem. [And its date is:] Datum Signie per manum Rolandi sancte Romane Ecclesie presbyteri Cardinalis et Cancellarij, IIIIo. idus Augusti, Indictione quinta, Incarnationis Domini anno millesimo centesimo quinquagesimo septimo, Pontificatus vero domini Adriani Pape quarti anno tertio. [I. 5-7.]

a A.D. 1150, at the dedication of the church of Dunfermlin, Edward Bishop of Aberdeen is among the witnesses to a charter of King David (Reg. de Dumf. p. 8). This, and the above Bull of Adrian IV. of A.D. 1157, have hitherto been regarded as the earliest absolutely certain records of the see of Aberdeen. The deed in the Book of Deer, given above at its date, which mentions Bi

shop Nectan, now carries the certain evidence back to A.D. 1131, 1132. See also under A.D. 1125. Bishop Edward "primus in eo templo canonicos instituit, quod Adrianus Pontifex Romanus ratum habuit" (Reg. Aberd., II. 247, from Bishop Gavin's Epistolare of A.D. 1527). There is no evidence anywhere, however, that these Canons supplanted Keledei.

A.D. 1159, Nov. 27. Anagnia. Pope Alexander III. to the
Archdeacon, Prior, and Clergy of S. Andrew's.

We have made

of Moray our

S. Andrew's. If

our legate.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, dilectis William Bishop filiis Archidiacono, Priori, et vniuerso clero Ecclesie Sancti legate. Elect Andree, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Petihim Bishop of tiones quas uenerabilis frater noster [Willelmus] Murenot, then whom- uensis Episcopus, et dilectus filius noster Magister Nichosoever you elect we will confirm laus, ex parte karissimi filii nostri Malcolmi Regis and make him Scottorum, super Ecclesia uestra nobis proposuerunt, leto animo a nobis fuissent effectui mancipate, si cum Deo et cum iustitia id fieri potuisset. Verum nos eidem filio nostro Regi utiliter satisfacere cupientes, ad reformationem ipsius Ecclesie et ad honorem regni eius, petitiones ipsas correximus et eas in statum redegimus meliorem. Quod enim nobis idem nuncii ex parte Regia proponebant, non poterat de iustitia ut diximus adimpleri; quia, cum Ecclesia uestra ad presens pastore sit destituta, confirmationem Ecclesie super his que postulabantur fieri nullatenus congruebat. Communicato autem fratrum nostrorum consilio, quia et ipsi Ecclesie et eidem Regi in maiorum fructum et commodum uidimus prouenire, iam dicto fratri nostro Episcopo, licet hoc ipse nullatenus postularet, legationem in toto regno memorato filio nostro Regi commisso duximus concedendam; ut ibidem que corrigenda sunt corrigat, et ea salubriter statuat que cognouerit statuenda: ita quidem ut si uos in personam eius uoluntate unanimi conueneritis, et idem Rex suum uoluerit impertiri consensum, in eadem Ecclesia Episcopus ordinetur. Et

[ERNALDUS BISHOP OF S. ANDREW'S CONSECRATED AT S. ANDREW'S.]

licet huiusmodi translationes absque consultatione et assensu Romani Pontificis non debeant celebrari, non tamen pro confirmatione sua eum redire ad sedem Apostolicam oportebit, set iniunctam sibi legationem et in eadem Ecclesia Pontificalis officii plenitudinem extunc libere exsequatur. Nos uero, post ordinationem ipsius, ei et memorate Ecclesie cui preerit, antiquas et rationabiles consuetudines et dignitates suas curabimus, auxiliante Domino, confirmare. Quod si in eum non poteritis conuenire, in aliam personam litteratam, idoneam, et honestam, communi uoto et unanimi uoluntate uos precipimus concordare, et eam studeatis uobis eligere in pastorem. Electam uero si nobis uolueritis presentare, eam et honeste tractabimus et quibus modis expedire uiderimus curabimus honorare. Extunc autem huius legatione cessante, ille qui confirmatus et consecratus fuerit, legationem per totum regnum iamdicti filii nostri Regis auctoritate Apostolica optinebit, et legationis officium libere in illis partibus exsequetur. Datum Anagnie, V. kalendas Decembris. [Stat. Eccles. Scot., ed. Jos. Robertson, Pref. p. xxx. note, from Denmyln MSS. 15. 1. 19, no. 2, Advoc. Libr. Edinb.]

CHRON. DE MAILROS, in an. 1159.-Willelmus Episcopus Murauie et Nicholaus Regis Scottorum tunc temporis camerarius curiam Romanam ex parte Regis Malcolmi uisitantes, ad Papam Alexandrum Agnanie ultra Romam venerunt; ubi ab eo suscepti satis honorifice, Willelmus rediit in sequenti anno legatus regni Scottorum factus. a See also Chron. S. Cruc, in an. 1159.

A.D. 1160, Nov. 13. Ernaldus Abbat of Kelso made Bishop of S. Andrew's and consecrated at S. Andrew's by William Bishop of Moray, Papal Legatea.

CHRON. DE MAILROS, in an. 1160.-Ernaldus Abbas de Calceo electus est ad Episcopatum Sancti Andree in Scotia, die scilicet Sancti Bricii Episcopi [Nov. 13], que hoc anno Dominica die evenit; et in sequenti die Dominica [Nov. 20], scilicet Sancti Edmundi, consecratus est apud Sanctum Andream in Scotia a Willelmo Murauensi Episcopo sedis Apostolice legato, astante Rege Malcolmo, et Episcopo, et Abbatibus, et Comitibus regni.

IB., in an. 1161.-Ernaldus Episcopus factus est legatus regni

[UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO REUNITE HY TO THE IRISH CHURCH.]

Scottorum a Papa Alexandro, qui et in tempore legationis consecravit Gregorium Rosmarkine [n]sem Episcopum; sed postea jubente Papa Alexandro a legatione cessavit.

IB., in an. 1162.—Obiit Ernaldus Episcopus Sancti Andree. Fundata est Ecclesia Sancti Andree in Scotia b.

So also more briefly the CHRON. S. CRUCIS.

a Robert of S. Andrew's died A.D. 1159 (Chron. de Mailros and Chron. S. Crucis). The see was thereupon offered to Waltheof the Abbat of Melrose, who however refused it (Fordun, VI. Suppl. 25-34, vol. I. pp. 340350), and died immediately afterwards, viz. Aug. 3, A.D. 1159 (Jocelyn of Furness, V. S. Walthevi, Actt. SS. Aug. 3, vol. I.). The

Pope then attempted to procure it for William Bishop of Moray (as above on pp. 233, 234), but unsuccessfully.

For Bishop Robert's previous labours in the same direction, see Leg. of S. Andrew in Skene, p. 191. Bishop William of Moray also died A.D. 1162, "9 Kal. Feb." (Chron. S. Crucis).

A.D. 1164. Unsuccessful attempt to reunite Hy to the Irish Church.

ANN. ULT., in an. 1164.-Maithi muinnteri Ia .i. in sacart mor Augustin, acus in fer-leighinn .i. Dubhsidhe, acus in disertach .i. Mac Gilladuibh, acus cenn na Ceile-nDe .i. Mac Foircellaigh, acus maithi muinnteri la archena, do thiachtain ar cenn Comarba Coluimcille .i. Flaithbertaich hui Brolcain do gabail abdaine Ia a comairli Somairlið acus fer Aerer Gaidhel acus Innsi Gall, coro astaei comarba Patraic acus ri Eirenn .i. Ua Lochlainn acus maithi Cenel Eoghain e. [The chiefs of the families of Ia, viz. Augustin the great priest, and Dubhsidhe the lector, and Mac Gilladuff president of the Desert", and Mac Foircellaigh, head of the Culdees, and the chiefs of the family of la in general, came to meet the Coarb of Columcille, viz. Flaithbertach Ua Brolchain, [to invite him] to accept of the abbacy of Ia, by the advice of Somerled and the men of Argyll, and of Innse Gall: but the Coarb of Patrick, and the King of Ireland, Ua Lochlainne, and the chiefs of the Cinel-Eoghain prevented it'.]

a The "desert was a place for anchorites: occurring frequently by the side of an Irish monastery. There was one in Hy itself. See Reeves, ad Adamn., Add. Notes, pp. 407, 409.

b Sole mention of a Keledean institution in Hy.

e Made a Bishop A.D. 1158 by a synod of clergy at Bri-mic-Taidhg in Meath (Ann. Ult. and IV. Mag.).

d Gilla mac Laig Gelasius, Abbat of Armagh.

1166.

Muirceartach, titular king, slain A.D.

f A.D. 1097, Magnus of Norway seized the Western Isles, which were accordingly annexed to the see of Man; but A.D. 11541156 (Chron. Mann.), a war, ending in the latter year, restored the southern isles, including Hy, to Somerled and the men of Argyll. Man, however, still claimed jurisdiction there. See above, pp. 166, 230. A.D. 1172 x 1180, William the Lion granted to

[RICHARD CONSECRATED BISHOP OF S. ANDREW'S BY THE SCOTTISH BISHOPS THEMSELVES.]

the abbey of Holyrood all the churches and chapels in Galloway which belonged to the jurisdiction of the abbey of Hy, with all their tithes, &c.; viz. Kirchecormach, S. Andrew, Balencros, and Cheletun (Cart. S. Crucis, p.41). Hy was probably at that time (what it cer

tainly became before A.D. 1203) a Cluniac abbey. It came, in time, to be absorbed in the Scottish see of Dunkeld, which continued to claim it even after the foundation of the see of Argyll (Orig. Paroch. Scot. II. 291; Reeves, ad Adamn., Add. Notes, pp. 297, 298).

A.D. 1164. CHRON. DE MAILROS.-Facta est abbatia de Cupro quam Malcolmus Rex fecit a.

a The Cistercian abbey of Sandale in Cantyre, if founded by Somerled, must also have been established before this year (Spottisw.,

Relig. Houses, p. 421; Orig. Paroch. Scot., II. i. 23).

A.D. 1164, March × September. Attempted Legatine Scottish Council under Roger Archbishop of York at Norham Castle.

See above, pp. 34, 35

A.D. 1165, March 28. Richard consecrated a Bishop of S. Andrew's at S. Andrew's by the Scottish Bishops.

CHRON. DE MAILROS, in an.-Ricardus Capellanus Regis Malcolmi consecratus est apud Sanctum Andream in Scotia ab Episcopis eiusdem terre, scil. in Dominica die Ramis Palmarum, que tunc evenit V. kal. Aprilis.

Elected A.D. 1163 (Chron. de Mailros, in an.)

A.D. 1165. Pope Alexander III. to John Abbat of Kelso.

Grants him the ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS SERUUS SERUORUM DEI, dilecto privilege of filio Johanni Abbati de Calkou, salutem et Apostolicam wearing a mitre at mass and in benedictionem. Deuocionis tue sinceritatem, et quem processions. circa nos et Ecclesiam Dei geris affectum, diligenti studio attendentes, et quod Ecclesia tue gubernacioni commissa Romane Ecclesie filia specialis existat, nichilominus considerantes; honorem et gratiam tibi et eidem Ecclesie tue, in quibus cum Deo possumus, libencius exhibemus, et prompto animo quantum honestas permiserit honoramus. Inde siquidem est, quod ad postulacionem tuam usum mitre tibi et successoribus tuis duximus indulgendum; auctoritate Apostolica statuentes, ut ad honorem Dei, et Ecclesie tue decorem, in solembniis missarum ea congruis temporibus utendi in ecclesia tua,