authors-By a skilful workman-By the council of the nation-By the railway directors-By a large Newfoundland dog-By my cousin, &c.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Complements of the Person.1

Use the following complements of the person in written propositions.

To my friend-For the workmen-His brotherTo his agent-All his supporters-The public-The school-boys-For the master- The patient To the messenger - The traveller The weary soldier-For the stranger-To his children-For himself To the admiral of the Channel fleet-The landlord-To his fellow-townsmen -To all the shopkeepers in the town -To his father, &c.

EXERCISE XIX.

Add to the following given propositions, complements of time, place, person, or object.

(comp. time.)

Example.

subject.

cop. pred. comp. per.

At that moment, the captain commanded (his men)

comp. object.

(to charge the enemy).

The king ordered-The mother told-The master desired My friend bought-He wished-His daughter

The complement of the person (receiving) is mostly used after verbs signifying to give or to tell: as, offer, present, send, inform, mention, write, buy, purchase, relate, &c.

servant

related-His brother informed- The prince conferred -The magistrate spoke-The witness gave-The gentleman sent-They mentioned - The brought-The carrier took-The man presentedMy sister will write-The general commanded, &c.

EXERCISE XX.

To the following given propositions add complements of circumstance, manner, place, or agent, &c.

Example.

complement of circumstance.

subject.

cop.

(In this disturbed state of affairs,) the coasts were

comp. man. predic.

complement of place.

strictly) guarded (in every part of the island) complement agent.

(by large bodies of soldiery).

A messenger was despatched-The proclamation was read-The ships were towed-Bread is sold— A letter will be sent-A communication was made-A sermon was preached-The way was cleared-The doctor was consulted-A fire was lighted-The tree was felled-The Exhibition was opened-The prisoner was locked up-The dinner was served-Coals are bought The pen was mended-The country was inundated-The country was disturbed-The room will be papered-Some visitors were announced, &c.

COMPLEMENTARY PROPOSITIONS.

Propositions used as Complements.

Propositions themselves are often used as complements. In this view, they may be considered as→→→ 1. Introductory; 2. Determinative; and 3. Explanatory.

2. HE SHOWED me the books you spoke of.

prin. complementary proposition.

3. The SUN, which had been obscured during the

proposition.

whole morning, now BURST FORTH with unusual splendour.

Explanation.

In the first of the above sentences, the leading proposition is the magistrate remanded;' and the complementary proposition, introductory to the principal, is 'he had examined.'

In the second sentence, the proposition 'you spoke of' determines the books in question, and is therefore called determinative.

In the third, the sun burst forth' is the principal; and 'which had been obscured,' inserted between its

parts, explains something connected with the other proposition.

EXERCISE XXI.

The learner is required to point out the principal and the complementary propositions in the following sentences; also, to distinguish between the determinative and the explanatory forms in each of them.

ANALYSIS.

Forms of Sentences.

1. Soon after we arrived here, a report was spread that the duke and his suite were daily expected.

2. No one can conceive with what pleasure I revisited these scenes.

3. The district where most of their town-houses stood lies between the city and the regions which are now considered as fashionable.

4. When the lands of the vanquished people were at length divided, the nobles despised the subjects too much to court their assistance in periods of danger.

5. How far this change ought to be lamented is not now a point of great dispute.

6. The Roman laws, though corrupted, were, in general, the best that human wisdom had framed.

7. The Roman arts and literature, though they had greatly declined, were still superior to anything found among rude nations.

8. The first London Coffee-house was set up, in the time of the Commonwealth, by a Turkey merchant, who had acquired among the Mahometans a taste for their favourite beverage.

9. All Europe had shuddered at the atrocious and prolonged cruelty with which Damiens, who had attempted the life of Louis in 1757, was executed.

10. The proud spirit of Charles could not submit to a rigour that had never been exercised against any of his predecessors.

11. The future proceedings of the parliament, if a fanatical junto entirely under the direction of the army can deserve that honourable name, were worthy of the members who composed it.

12. But while this monarch persecuted the French Protestants, in opposition to all the principles of humanity and sound policy, he was no dupe to the Court of Rome.

FORMS OF SENTENCES FOR IMITATION.

EXERCISE XXII.

The learner is to write sentences constructed like the following models :—

FIRST MODEL.

[Subject qualified-passive proposition-time-place

-agent.]

Examples.

1. This beautiful nosegay was bought in Covent Garden yesterday afternoon by my brother.

2. The art of printing was invented in Germany, about the year 1445, by Guttemberg of Mainz.

3. A great sensation was produced in the House of Commons last night, by the speech of a new member.