form, the "settlements" being carried on in the same way until we come to the entry :April 4th, 1777. Settled and balanced this Account in full to the late Dr. James's Decease, viz to March 23rd, 1776. Fleming Pinkstar Fras Newbery Jun' Exors of Dr. James) Fras Newbery Jun'. An account of this Mr. Pinkstar occurs in Mr. Welsh's book (pp. 138-9). The settlement for 1778 is signed by Francis Newbery and "Robert Harcourt James," presumably a son or brother of the doctor; and after 1781 Francis Newbery drops the "jun" after his name. My volume ends in January, 1798, when the accounts are stated in the writing of R. H. James to be "Entered in New Book." As I have said above, I think this volume should be deposited in some national collection, and I invite suggestions on the subject. EDWARD HERON-Allen. [Goldsmith died at a quarter to 5 A. M. on Monday, 4 April, 1774 (Forster's Life,' ii. 422). See also MR. WELSH'S query, 'Goldsmith's Publishers,' p. 15.] SHAKESPEARIANA. 'OTHELLO,' II. i. 60-65 (9th S. ii. 403; vi. 364). MR. E. M. DEY at the latter reference does not do me the honour to make any reference to my somewhat elaborate proof that "tire" in the passage under review means attire, though this is the meaning of the word which he himself adopts. Whether this is perfect courtesy on the part of a comparatively new recruit to a veteran (at least in age) is for others, not for me, to judge. I learn from him, as he had learnt it and some other things from a variorum which I am not privileged to possess, that in my quite independent conclusion I had been anticipated by Steevens. While I am always glad to learn that I am not alone in any opinion, I am too old to care for mere names, however famous, and like to be told the ground of any man's opinion as well as the opinion itself. Grant that "tire" means attire, which I think I fully proved, it is impossible to retain either the ingeniuer, or ingeniver, of the folios, or the ingener of modern texts. It will not do to take this word from one critic, that word from another, and so on; then, piecing them together, attire Shakespeare in a Joseph's coat of ill-matched colours. Though I still think Cassio's language inflated, I was not sorry, after my last note was written, to come upon "interior" in the sense of soul in Carlyle's translation of "Among the many things which have been tried for giving some repairs to the exterior [the body], which often fails far sooner than the interior [the soul], there are in fact several invaluable recipes," &c.-Popular edition, vol. iii. p. 88. The question of inflated language apart, Cassio made use of a quite legitimate metaphor when (as I read and explain the text) ideal excellence. Thus St. Paul writes to the he spoke of Desdemona attiring her soul in Colossians (iii. 12), “Put on [i.e., clothe yourselves with (évdúoao@e)] kindness, humility, meekness, long-suffering," &c. St. Peter speaks of women adorning themselves with 'the incorruptible apparel of a meek and quiet spirit" (1 Peter iii. 4, R.V.). Perhaps Shakespeare's "essential vesture of creation" is St. Peter's apaрTov iμáτiov. Cassio represents Desdemona as realizing the Greek ideal of excellence, каλокáуalós, fair as she was good, and good as she was fair; in beauty of form, much more in essential excellence, beyond the description of the most skilful pens. Though unconscious of gross contradiction, some corrupters of the text have discovered some wonderful ingener who was equal to the task. As is well known, in line 65 there is a seemingly irreconcilable difference between the First Quarto (1622) and the First Folio (1623). The difference is wholly irreconcilable if we accept as genuine the line as in the Folio it has come down to us. In vain do we search for anything having the remotest resemblance either in form or in meaning between the "Does beare all Excellency the Quarto and the "Dos tyre the Ingeniuer" of the Folio. of I now ask readers to contrast ll. 64, 65 as we find them in the Quarto with my reading of the lines in the Folio :— And in the essential vesture of creation And in the essential vesture of creation Is there no resemblance in meaning here? Most decidedly I think there is; only the two editions have, so to speak, played at crosspurposes with the two lines. "The essential vesture of creation" in the Quarto is the spiritual nature (answering to the "interior" in the Folio), which is said to "bear all excellency"; "the essential vesture of creation,” in which in the Folio "the interior" is said to be attired, is the "all excellency "-the ideal excellence-of the Quarto. Otherwise, Desdemona, in the essential vesture of creation her spiritual nature, her soul-bears all excellency (Quarto). Desdemona, in the essential vesture of creation-ideal excellence -attires the interior, her soul (Folio). In conclusion I may be allowed to repeat from my former note that my proposed emendation, "interiour" (First Folio's way of spelling the word) for ingeniuer, necessitates a change only of three letters. R. M. SPENCE, D.D. 'TEMPEST,' II. i. 269-70.— Ant. Antonio has just said, "O that you bore the "TEMPEST,' IV. i. 2-4.- In the line "Or that for which I live" Prospero has given us a key to the meaning of 'a third of mine own life." Since he lives for Miranda, the years of her life are virtually those of his own, and the span of her life covers a number of years about a third of his own age. E. MERTON DEY. 'MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING,' V. iii. 19-21. Graves yawne and yeelde your dead, So runs the Folio; the Quarto, which is generally followed, had previously given the last line as "Heavily, heavily." If it can be shown that the Folio variation is an improvement, there will be a strong presumption that it is due to the poet's revision. Now the words "Heavily, heavily," have just been used in connexion with the groans of the living (11. 17-18), and I think it will be generally conceded that their repetition falls somewhat flatly, if we can bring ourselves to read the passage as though for the first time. What has led to the adoption of the Quarto reading, notwithstanding this flatness, has probably been the failure to grasp the meaning of the expression "Till death be uttered," which, I submit, furnishes an instance of that idiom whereby a verb used as a neuter verb is conjugated with "to be" instead of "to have" (see Schmidt's 'Lexicon,' sub voce 'Be,' ii. 2 f., and Abbott's 'Shakespearian Grammar,' § 295). It also seems quite legitimate to regard "death" as an instance of the use of the abstract for the concrete, summing up the whole class of the dead by their common property. We may then take "Till death be uttered as equivalent to "Till all the dead have given utterance," the dead being called upon to deliver themselves of their share in the universal lamentation. If we adopt this line of interpretation, what could be more felicitous than the application of the description "Heavenly, heavenly," to the ghostly threnody of the departed spirits as contrasted with the grosser effusions of the earthly mourners? And we are thus happily rid of the flatness of the Quarto reading, which no explanation of the passage I have hitherto seen has availed to dispel. ALFRED E. THISELTON. ROBERT SHERBORNE, BISHOP OF CHICHESTER, 1508-36. - In Mr. Kirby's 'Winchester Scholars,' p. 77, "Robert Shyrborn," of Sherborne, appears as a scholar elected in 1465, and the note to his name correctly identifies him with this bishop. It is strange, therefore, that the 'Dict. Nat. Biog.,' vol. lii. p. 69, refers to Mr. Kirby in support of the untenable suggestion that the bishop was not educated at Winchester. It would have been better to refer to him as overthrowing the view, which the 'Dictionary' tentatively adopts, that the bishop was born in 1440. This view is based upon the statement in that the bishop died (in 1536) at the age Le Neve's Fasti' (ed. Hardy, vol. i. p. 248) of ninety-six. As the bishop went to Winchester in 1465, and to New College, Oxford, in 1472, Wood ('Ath. Oxon.,' third edition, vol. ii. p. 746) was evidently nearer the mark in putting the bishop's age at death at eightysix. In this matter the 'Dictionary' seems to have been misled in part by another error in Le Neve's 'Fasti' (vol. ii. p. 411), which Robert Sherborne became prebendary of the 'Dictionary' adopts in stating that Mora on 17 March, 1468/9. Mr. Hennessy gives the date of his appointment to this prebend as 17 March, 1496/7 (Nov. Rep. Eccles. Paroch. Londin.,' p. 38). H. C. "A FEEDING STORM."-Writing from Edinburgh to Morritt of Rokeby, on 21 January, 1815, Sir Walter Scott says the weather in Midlothian "seems setting in for a feeding storm," and adds the explanation that the name is given "when the snow lies so long that the sheep must be fed with hay." Sir Walter Scott's knowledge of country life was so wide and exact that it would be bold to differ from him without hesitation. may, perhaps, be permissible to mention an individual impression even against a statement with authoritative credentials of the It highest order. A" feeding storm" is recog- of General Monck. The volume contains nized in Scottish districts that are not a few passes and orders dated after the specially pastoral in character, and the mean- Restoration, appended to the full daily ing that seems to be attached to it in such record of orders issued by him prior to that places is that of a lingering period of snowy event. It is in Worcester College library weather, when the snow actually on the (Clarke MS. xlix. fo. 155b):— ground is increased or fed by intermittent falls. This is, no doubt, the kind of weather that necessitates "hand-feeding," as flockmasters call the tedious process of giving their animals artificial supplies, and so far the non-pastoral usage and Sir Walter Scott's definition are at one. At the same time the former overlaps, and indeed includes, the latter, just as it does another, which attributes the name "feeding storm" to the wellknown voracious habit of birds in immediate anticipation of a prolonged visitation of snow. THOMAS BAYNE. "THREE ACRES AND A COW."-I am not aware that this celebrated political catchphrase, used first, I believe, in the House of Commons by Mr. Jesse Collings, has been traced to its source, or at any rate its probable source that is, the following passage from Sir John Sinclair's Code of Agriculture' (fifth edition, 1832, Appendix 2, 'On Cottagers keeping Cows and the Establishment of Parochial Dairy Farms,' p. 50): - "In order to promote so useful a measure, I was induced to draw up a plan for enabling a cottager to keep a cow on the produce of a small portion of arable land. It was there stated that three statute acres and a quarter of good arable land, worth from 20s. to 30s. per acre, would be sufficient, and a course of crops was pointed out for the management of this little farm. Such a plan was found might answer where the labourer was peculiarly intelligent and industrious, and pursued what may be called the field gardening husbandry of Flanders, but could not be adopted as a general system. It has never, therefore, been prosecuted to any extent." Those interested in the subject may like to know that the plan referred to was contained in a volume of 'Miscellaneous Essays,' published by Sir John Sinclair in 1802. JAMES HOOPER. "26 Aprill, 1662.-Order, that wheras there are divers persons doe presume to come and play in his Majesty's Pall-Mall in S. James's Parke without the leave or approbation of the keeper of the said Pall-Mall, itt is his Majesty's pleasure and comsoever shall play in the said Pall-Mall without the mand, that heerafter noe person or persons whatlicence of Lawrence Du-puy Esq. keeper of the said Pall Mall, and that noe persons shall after play carry their malls out of S. James's Parke without leave of the said keeper, butt shall carry them to bee kept in the house appointed for that purpose. And all officers or souldiers who shall command or keepe the guards in S. James's Parke are to bee assisting to Mr. Du-puy in the observance of this order." C. H. FIRTH. JAPANESE NAMES.-I see the manager of the Criterion, in announcing the season of Japanese plays, calls the principal actor Otojiro Kawakami. This is presumably out of deference to our insular prejudices, as the Japanese way of writing it would be just the reverse, Kawakami Otojiro, surname first and "Christian" name second. Japanese "Christian" names indicate by their termination the order of birth of the children of a family, ending in -taro for an eldest son, in -jiro for a second son, in -saburo for a third, and so on down to -juro for a tenth. Gentaro means Gen-first-male, Otojiro means Otosecond-male. These terminations are also used alone as "Christian" names, without prefix. Thus Saburo is equivalent to the classical Tertius. Eida Saburo, a name well known to collectors of Japanese works of art, might be translated Tertius Eida. JAS. PLATT, Jun. THE PRICE OF INK, 1288. Historical [See 8th S. xi. 365, 432, 475, 517; xii. 57.] students may remember that the Dialogus de Scaccario' states (book i. chap. iii.) that in PALL MALL.-The following notice relating Michaelmas term two shillings are due for to Pall Mall is copied from the Order Book | ink for either exchequer for the whole year, "quos sibi de antiquo jure vendicat sacrista his early life? Ozell in the preface to majoris Ecclesie Westmonasterie" (in Stubbs's his translation of 'Manlius Capitolinus' says Select Charters,' 1895, p. 175). The price of that Lafosse studied at Oxford, and Reed ink a century after the composition of the (Biographia Dramatica,' vol. iii.) repeats the 'Dialogus' was much higher, and the supply statement. G. H. G. of it was in the hands of another official; for in the Rotulus Memorandorum of Easter term, 16 Edward I. (Issue Roll, Pells, No. 40), is the entry, "Precentori Westmonasteriensi pro incausto de dimidio anno xl. d. liberat. eidem." Q. V. “KENTISH FIRE."- Will any readers of 'N. & Q.' tell us what is meant exactly by this expression? Various and somewhat contradictory statements have come under our notice, and in newspapers remote from Kent it is perhaps often used vaguely for any sort of stormy applause. The term is usually said to have originated in reference to meetings held in Kent in 1828-9 in opposition to the Catholic Relief Bill; is there evidence of this? As the part of the 'Dictionary' including this is now in revise, early replies are asked. Oxford. J. A. H. MURRAY. [See 2nd S. i. 182, 423; viii. 278.] GOLDSMITH'S PUBLISHERS.-I am desirous of obtaining as much information as possible about the various publishers of Goldsmith's works: Griffiths, the bookseller, the sign of "The Dunciad," in Paternoster Row; J. Wilkie, at "The Bible," in St. Paul's Churchyard; Pottinger, the publisher of the Busybody; Thomas Davis; Payne, of Paternoster Row; Griffin, of Fetter Lane; Benjamin Collins, of Salisbury; Kearsley, who published 'Retaliation.' I am, of course, familiar with the Newberys, of whom I published an account in my Bookseller of the Last Century' (1881). If any of your correspondents can direct me to sources of information about any of the eighteenth-century publishers I have named above, I shall be extremely obliged. CHAS. WELSH. 110, Boylston Street, Boston, U.S. [A life of Thomas Davies (not Davis) is in the 'D.N.B.' Consult Nichols's 'Literary Anecdotes.'] ANTOINE DE LAFOSSE IN ENGLAND.-Is there any proof that the French playwright Antoine de Lafosse lived in England during [No mention of Lafosse appears in Mr. Foster's Alumni Oxonienses,' nor do French dictionaries of biography refer to his visit.] "IN THE DAYS WHEN WE WENT GIPSYING." -Will some one kindly send me the words of the old song, In the days when we went gipsying, A long time ago, or at least tell me where I can find them? In case I should receive several copies from one and another, will the senders be so good as to accept a general acknowledgment in 'Notices to Correspondents'? Charlotte Brontë's readers will remember that the first two lines are quoted in 'Jane Eyre,' chap. iii. According to Mr. John Bartlett, the words are by Edwin Ransford (query his date). Who is the composer of the air? JONATHAN BOUCHIER. know; We drank champagne from glasses long and hock from glasses green, And nothing like a cup of tea was ever to be seen REDMAYNES OF THORNTON-IN-LONSDALE, YORKSHIRE.—I am anxious to discover the connexion of James Redman, the founder (circa 1450) of this branch of the family of Redman (of Levens and Harewood Castle), with the earlier members of the family (Sir Matthew Redman, &c.) of Levens, Westmoreland, of whom he was, I think, a descendant. I should also be very grateful for any light on the pedigree of William Redmayne, of Burton-in-Lonsdale (d. 1818), or of Richard Redmayne, of Holme Head, who died 1721. I shall be very glad to exchange notes, of which I have a very large quantity, with any gentleman interested in the pedigree of the Thornton Redmaynes. W. GREENWOOD. Croylands, Spring Grove, Isleworth. MAYORS OF NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME.- Can any of your readers fill in the names of persons who occupied the mayoral chair in Newcastle during the following years? Prior to 1317; 1319-37 inclusive; 1339-67 inclusive; 1388, 1390, 1391, 1394, 1395, 1398, 1399; and 1412-90 inclusive (except 1418, 1424, 1430, 1458, 1466, 1471, 1477). It is just possible that some of your contributors or readers may have come across the names of persons who were mayors during some of the above years. Should that be so, I shall esteem it a great favour if they will oblige me with the same, and any other items relative thereto that may be useful to one who is wishful to obtain not only a full list of mayors, but other facts relating to the old borough. Newcastle, Staffs. R. SIMMS. Mr. Sargent bequeathed the estate of Lavington to the late Bishop Samuel Wilberforce. But is this correct? I always understood that Bishop Wilberforce acquired the estate in right of his wife, the elder co-heiress of the Sargents of Lavington. There were, I think, four daughters. Two married two brothers Wilberforce-Samuel, the bishop, and Henry, rector of East Farleigh. One married George Dudley Ryder, and the other married Henry Edward (afterwards Cardinal) Manning. I write from memory and under correction. It has always been noted as a Henry Wilberforce all joined the Church of curious fact that Manning, Ryder, and Rome. Samuel Wilberforce did not, but his only daughter and her husband did. So a cynical writer said that the bishop was quite right in opposing the Church of Rome, "an erroneous system which had seduced all his COWLEY'S POEMS SET TO MUSIC.-Can any of your readers refer me to a copy of, or give any information concerning, a volume mentioned by Dr. Grove in his Dictionary of Music,' entitled "Poems of Mr. Cowley and others. Composed into Songs, &c., by William King, Organist of New-Colledge in the University of Oxon. 1668"? I have failed to find any mention of the volume in well-known bibliographies, and the British Museum does 'THE KING OF SPAIN'S BIBLE.'-Was any not possess a copy. Is the volume rare and seventeenth-century work called by this name valuable? in jest or in popular speech? E. L. ISAAC PENINGTON THE YOUNGER.-I have in my possession the complete works of Isaac Penington the younger, in two parts, bound in one volume, and dated 1681, dealing with the ground or causes which are said to have induced the court at Boston, in New England, to make the order or law of banishment upon pain of death against the Quakers. The book, I may add, is in excellent preservation. Is it scarce? ONE IN DOUBT. "CUSTICE."-Some forty years ago, when I was a little boy at a dame's school in the far west of England, two forms of corporal punishment were administered to the recalcitrant, the one by the cane and the other by the custice. As I do not find this latter word in 'H.E.D.,' though it was unhappily common amongst those of us who were youngsters then, I would add the information (none about the cane being required even by studious readers of N. & Q.) that it was a flat black ruler, and that the punishment consisted of strokes from it upon the open palm. Is the word generally known, and is it derived from custos, as signifying the wand of authority of "the keeper, guardian, warden, or custodian" DUNHEVED. [The E.D.D.' assigns the word custice, or custies, to Devon and Cornwall, and carries it back to castigare.] LAVINGTON IN SUSSEX.-" Peter Lombard," in the Church Times of 7 June, says that nearest relations." GEORGE ANGUS. to PERCY SIMPSON. BRESLAW. In 9th S. vii. 110 there appears a quotation from 'Advice Officers,' 1782, from which I repeat the following: A good adjutant should be able to play as many tricks with a regiment, as Breslaw can with a pack of cards." Was this Breslaw a Jew? Can any one furnish me with biographical details? If he turns out to be some undisclosed ancestor of mine I shall regret raising the ghost of the past, inasmuch as, in defiance of Talleyrand's warning, I have an ingrained detestation of card-playing. Wherefore, if the theories of heredity are not entirely valueless, I need not fear the sought-for information respecting my unknown namesake. M. L. R. BRESLAR. PHILPOT MSS.-What is the history of these MSS., said to be preserved at the College of Arms? What do they contain, and are they of historical value? H. M. T. MACKENZIE OF GAIRLOCH.-The last member of the family of Mackenzie of Gairloch who matriculated arms was Sir Alexander Mackenzie, the second baronet. The date is not officially recorded, but is said to be 1723. The blazon is as follows: Quarterly, 1 and 4, Azure, a hart's head cabossed, and attired with ten tines or; 2 and 3, Azure, three frasiers (or cinquefoils) argent. Crest, a dexter arm holding a garland of laurel proper. Motto, "Virtute et valore." Which |