Professor of POLITICAL ECONOMY AND JURISPRUDENCE, QUEEN'S COLLEGE,

BELFAST.

SECOND EDITION

LONDON:

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LTD.,

1891

PREFACE:

IN a former work written by the author, entitled "The Social Problem," the various forms of existing Socialism were briefly considered as proffered solutions of the Social Problem. In the present work the whole subject of Socialism is considered more fully (especially from the historical and economic side) than the scope of the former work allowed. The book is thus a new and independent work; though in the chapters on "Practicable StateSocialism the reader of the present volume who may by chance have read the former one, may observe a certain similarity in the conclusions reached, as compared with those in a chapter of the earlier work dealing with specific social remedies. On the other hand, he may note a greater definiteness in the statement of certain conclusions, and possibly even a difference of a more essential kinda qualification of some of the results formerly sct

forth. Where there is really such a difference—as to some, though not to a considerable extent there isthe conclusions here given are to be taken as the author's more matured opinion on the subject.

I have to express my thanks to Mr. Goddard H. Orpen, of Lincoln's Inn, for his careful reading of the proofs while passing through the press, as well as for suggestions and criticisms which assisted me to make improvements in particular parts of the book.

LONDON, July 29, 1890.

I. The different senses of the word Socialism, and rela-
tion between the different kinds of Socialists

I-II

II. Further division (according to the means proposed

of realizing their ideals) into the Revolutionary,

Evolutionary, and State-Socialists. Prospects of

Socialism in the leading civilized countries-England,

France, Germany, and the United States

III. Anarchism, and its relation to Socialism: points of

agreement and difference. Why some knowledge of

the history of Socialism is desirable.

11-17

17-20

CHAPTER II.

SOCIALISM BEFORE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

I. The Jewish Socialism. Socialistic institutions of the

Law of Moses-The Jubilee, &c. Failure of the

Jewish Socialistic polity. Retardation of the change

to individualism by the Law of Moses and the

Prophets. The Socialism of the Gospels. The ideal

of the Christian Society

: 21-27

II. The Catholic Church and Communism. Gradation
of classes under Feudalism. Risings of the “com-