commemoration of this bishop's death. The collectio post nomina of St. Martin's Missa may be seen in Mabillon, Liturg. Gallican. p. 291; Muratori, Liturg. Roman. tom. ii. col. 645. Concerning the diptychs of the Gallican Church, and the difference of the Gallican and Roman use as to the commemoration, see Mabillon ut supra, pp. 181-183.

Columbanus.-Otherwise Colmanus, surnamed Moc-u-Loigse in the titulus. His festival is May 15, at which day he is thus commemorated in the Calendar of Donegal : "Colman, son of Ua Laoigse, of Tulach-mic-Comghaill, in Druimne Togha, i.e. Nua-Congbail in Laoighis of Leinster. He was of the race of Laoigsigh, son of Conall Cearnach." He was a bishop in Leinster, not of Leinster. Diocesan episcopacy was at this time unknown in Ireland. Nua chongbail, or Oughaval, is situate in the south of ancient Leix, which was a territory of Leinster.

CHAPTER XIV.-Stagno Vituli.-A translation of the Irish Loch Laodh, which O'Donnell correctly uses in the parallel place of his life (ii. 90, Tr. Th. p. 426 a). Colgan thought that it was an inlet of the sea near Downpatrick (Tr. Th. p. 386 a, n. 16); and the Bollandist editor borrows the idea. But the glosses on the Feilire of Engus determine its position, so that there can be no doubt of its identity with the present Belfast Lough. See Ulst. Jour. of Archæol. vol. ii. pp. 56, 57. The village of Bangor, where formerly stood St. Comgall's great monastery of Bennchar, is situate on the south, or county of Down side of the Lough. The text, though it does not mention Bangor, naturally describes its inmates as in jeopardy in the adjacent arm of the sea. CHAPTER XV.-Airchart-dan.-Now Glen Urquhart, on the west side of Loch Ness. Glen-arochdan is the local pronunciation of the name. It is said that at Templehouse, in the entrance of the glen, there was formerly a church, at a spot marked by a large ash-tree, and that the cemetery occupied the space now crossed by the road. There are the remains of other ancient cemeteries in the glen, called Killmeechal, Killyeenan, and Croch-an-boora. This Urquhart is not to be confounded with the Urquhard mentioned in St. Malrubius's lections in the Breviary of Aberdeen (Part. Estiv. fol. 90 a b); the latter is the same as Ferintosh in the Black Isle in Ross-shire, where St. Maree's memory is still preserved.

CHAPTER XVI.-Magnæ domus.-Probably the majoris domus fabrica, which was erected in Durrow while Laisre, son of Feradhach, presided there (i. 23, p. 131, supra). In the titulus of the present chapter it is called monasterium rotundum. The present chapter of Adamnan supplies a most valuable link in the history of the Round Towers; it points to their primary use as monastic abodes, known by the name Monasterium Rotundum, and regarded as belonging to a class of building called magna or major domus, as contra-distinguished from the humble cells of the same form; antecedently to the time when bells, like other reliques, acquired from age such an amount of veneration as to confer upon the buildings in which they were preserved the name of Cloc-teach, or Bell-house. One might wish that Adamnan in the present instance had used the word turris, or the technical term campanile; but it is to be remembered that castles were, at this date, utterly unknown to the Irish, who would hardly borrow a strange word to denote a familiar object; and that bell-houses derived their name more from an accidental than an essential use. The expression turres arctæ et altæ necnon et rotunda comes very well from an Anglo-Norman A.D. 1200, but could hardly be expected from a Hiberno-Celt A.D. 600.

Oakwood Plain (Derry).—For Derry read Durrow.-W. F. S.

CHAPTER XVII.-Monticelli.-Most probably the eminence now called Cnoc Orain, which is situate in the way from the monastery to the Machar, and commands a view of the Colliculus Angelorum. The south-eastern shoulder

of Cnoc-mor, the hill which overhangs the school-house, also commands a view of the Machar, and is nearer to the monastery; but the words propioris monticelli seem to indicate the former situation.

Cnoc Angel.-Cod. D., as may be seen in the Var. Lect., puts the name in a more modern form. This spot is one of the best marked in the island; it is a smooth, round, green knoll, formed of sand, but covered over with a thick clothing of sward, and measuring about 167 paces at the base. It is situate close on the left-hand side to the little road which leads to the west shore. The name Cnoc-an-Aingel is locally preserved, and is marked on Graham's Map of the island; but that by which it is more familiarly known is Sithean Mor, or "Great Fairy-hill," as distinguished from Sithean Beg, “Little Fairy-hill," which lies a short way north-west from it. A place in Wales called Mons Angelorum, and supposed to be Carn Ingli, a corruption of Carn Engylion, in Pembrokeshire, is stated in the Life of St. Brynach to have derived its name from a visitation of angels. (Rees, Lives Cambr. Brit. SS. pp. 10, 295.)

CHAPTER XVIII.-Hinba.-A similar story to the present is told in the old Irish Life, but Comghall and Cainnech are described as the persons present, and Rechra (note, p. 279, supra) as the island where the occurrence took place.

Comgell.-In the Antiphonary of Bangor (circ. 690) his name is written Comgillus; in his Life, Comgallus. In the early Calendars and Annals it is always written Comgall. The meaning assigned by some is pulchrum pignus (Flem. Collect. pp. 302 b, 304 b, marg.; Act. SS. Mai. tom. ii. p. 580), but there is the highest authority for a different interpretation. St. Columbanus, his disciple, in his Instructio ii., thus writes: "Non primum nostræ parvitatis fundamenta jacere præsumimus, alicujus majoris doctoris authoritatem quærentes, sancti scilicet Fausti luculentissimam, elegantissimamque doctrinam, de cujus dictis pauca ad initiandum opus nostrum satis convenienter elegimus." (Flem. Collect. p. 47 a.) So also Notker Balbulus: "Cum plurimos discipulos, vel socios sanctitatis suæ pares habuisset, unum tamen Congellum, latinè Fausti nomine illustrem, præceptorem B. Columbani, magistri domini et patris nostri Galli.”—Martyrol. Jun. 9. Comgall was born in Mourne, now Magheramorne, a district on the coast of the county of Antrim, a little south of Larne. (Reeves, Eccl. Ant. p. 269.) His father's name was Setna, and his mother's Brig, and they belonged to the kingdom of Dal-Araidhe, or Dalnary as the Life calls it, which comprehended the southern half of the county of Antrim. (Flem. Collect. p. 303 a.) The tribe name given to Comgall in the text is mac u Araidhe, filius nepotum Araidi, he being fourteenth in descent from Fiacha Araidhe, whose territory was commonly called Dalaradia. See Reeves, Eccl. Antiqq. pp. 334-342. Comgall, according to Tighernach, was born in 517 (An. Ult. 516); founded his church of Bangor in 558 (An. Ult. 557); visited Scotland, and founded a church in Terra Heth or Tiree, 565 (note, p. 278, supra); died in 602 (601, An. Ult.) Comgall ab. Bendchair XCI. anno etatis sue, principatus vero sui L. anno, et tertio mense, et decima die, vI. Id. Maii quievit.-Tigh. His festival is May 10, at which day two Lives are printed in the Bollandists. They are also given by Fleming (Collect. pp. 303-313). The Antiphonary of Bangor, published by Muratori from an ancient Bobio manuscript (Anecdota Ambros. vol. iv. p. pp. 127-159; reprinted in his Opere, tom. xi. pt. iii. pp. 217-251), preserves a very curious alphabetical hymn on St. Comgall. See i. 35 (p. 145), cap. 14 (p. 202), supra.

Cainnech. See i. 4 (p. 118), ii. 12 (p. 160), 13 (p. 161), supra. He was akin to St. Comghall, being a descendant of Rudhraighe Mor, of the race of Ir, king of Ireland, but of a totally different stock from St. Columba. The

family he belonged to was the Corca-Dallann, a branch of the Clanna Rudhraighe (Ogyg. p. 275; Ir. Nennius, p. 264), and from Dalan, his great-grandfather, he derived the surname mac-ua-Dalann, filius nepotis Dallani, mentioned in the text, and other authorities. (An. Inisfall. 595; Bat. of Magh Rath, p. 26.) In the Feilire of Engus, at his day, Oct. 11, he is commemorated as CAINDECH MAC h-UI DALAND, to which the gloss adds, Achad bo a prim chell, ocus ata recles do h-i Cill Rigmonaig i nAlbain, "Achadh-bo is his principal church; and he has a monastery at Kil-Righmonaigh [St. Andrew's] in Alba." (See note, p. 269, supra.)

Brendan.-See i. 20 (p. 130) supra. Founder of the church of Clonfert, called by the Irish Cluain ferta brenainn, to distinguish it from Cluain ferta Molua, now Clonfertmulloe. He was of the race of Ciar, son of Fergus, son of Ros, son of Rudhraighe, whose descendants, the Ciarraighe, gave name to several districts in Ireland, the principal of which was that now known as the county of Kerry (Ogyg. p. 276). The surname mac ua Alta, filius nepotis Alta, by which he is designated both in the text and other native records (Tighernach, 559; Chron. Scot. 554; Vit. Trip. S. Patr. ii. 47, Tr. Th. p. 158 a), was derived from his great-grandfather Alta, whose son Olchu was father of Finnlogh, the father of St. Brendan.

Cormac.-See B. I. c. 6, and note p. 252.

CHAPTER XIX.-Egea.-Now the island of Egg. Aeg, gen. Aego, or Aega, is the Irish form of the name. Egea in the text seems to be an adjective agreeing with insula, according to Adamnanic usage. A monastery was founded in this island by St. Donnan, an Irishman, and disciple of St. Columba, who was put to death, together with his community of fifty-one persons, by a band of pirates in 617. From him the church of the island was called Killdonain, which gave name in after times to a parish, including Egg, Muck, and Rum. See Orig. Paroch. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 334.

There are three Donnans known to the Irish, namely, Donnan, son of Liath, nephew and disciple of St. Senan, who is mentioned in the Life of that saint; Donnan the Deacon, son of Beoaedh, brother of St. Ciaran, whose day is Aug. 11; and Donnan of Eigg. The pedigree of the last is not on record, and all that we know concerning him is what may be gathered from short notices in the Irish Calendars and Annals. His name, indeed, occurs at its proper day in the Calendar and Offices of the Breviary of Aberdeen, but there is no allusion to his history, and therefore the writer of his memoir in the Acta Sanctorum is obliged to draw entirely upon Irish authorities. We are told this much of him—that, like St. Columba, St. Maelrubha, and St. Moluoc, this saint was a native of Ireland, and was led to settle, with a company of followers, in the west of Scotland, and that he suffered a violent death at the instance of a malicious woman, and by the hands of a marauding party, possibly of Picts from the neighbouring coast. We learn that he was somewhat junior to St. Columba, whose friend he was, and in whose community he desired to be enrolled. He suffered martyrdom on Sunday, the 17th of April, 617.

His commemoration in the Feilire of Ængus, and the accompanying commentary, are as follows:

"With the festival of Peter the Deacon.

To glorious martyrdom ascended,

With his clerics, of pure lives,

Donnan of cold Eig."

"Donnan of Eig, i.e. Eig is the name of an island which is in Alba, and in it Donnan is [commemorated]; or, in Catt; et ibi Donnan sanctus cum sua familia obiit, id est, LII.

"This Donnan went to Columcille to make him his soul's-friend; upon which Columcille said to him, I shall not be soul's-friend to a company [heirs of red martyrdom; for thou shalt come to red martyrdom, and thy people with thee. And it was so fulfilled.

"Donnan then went with his people to the Hebrides; and they took up their abode there, in a place where the sheep of the queen of the country were kept. This was told to the queen. Let them all be killed, said she. That would not be a religious act, said her people. But they were murderously assailed. At this time the cleric was at mass. Let us have respite till mass is ended, said Donnan. Thou shalt have it, said they. And when it was over, they were slain, every one of them."

In the Martyrology which bears the name of St. Jerom we find the following notice: "xv. Kal. Maii. In Antiochia natalis sancti Petri Diaconi, et Hermogenis ministri."-Opp. tom. xi. pt. 2, col. 564 (Vallarsii, Venet. 1771). The same appears in the Martyrology ascribed to Ven. Bede. It is also entered at the same day in the Martyrology of Christ Church, Dublin, p. 106. But it is not found in the Roman Martyrology edited by Baronius, nor in the Greek Menologium. Marian Gorman's Calendar, at April 17, has LA PETAR I PRIM NEM," with Peter in chief holiness." The old parish church of Kilchrenan in Argyleshire was formerly called Ecclesia S. Petri Diaconi de Lochaw. See Orig. Paroch. vol. ii. p. 120. It is remarkable to find the name of an obscure martyr of the East thus prominently commemorated in the Far West. See Acta Sanctorum, April. tom. ii. p. 479.

The copy of the Feilire preserved at Brussels reads Eighe. In both it and the copy in the Leabhar Breac, from which the extract in the text has been made, there is over the name of Eig the interlinear gloss, i.e., fons. The island may have derived its name from a spring, possibly St. Donnan's Well, mentioned further on.

The cric Chat, "region of Catt," included Sutherland and Caithness, the latter of which preserves the original word, compounded with ness, "a promontory." Catenes is the form in old charters. See Irish Nennius, p. 148. Shaw takes the inflection of the word cat, and, supposing Catav to be the root of Caithness, proceeds to derive it from cad, "high," and taobh, “side.” -Moray, p. 50. The same process should apply to the Catti of Hesse; but etymology, without reference to original authorities, is an indulgence as dangerous as it is seductive. The parish of Kildonan, which is referred to in the gloss on the Feilire, is situate on the east side of Sutherland, adjoining Caithness. Sutherland, formerly Sudrland, was the name given to the south land of Catenes. See Orig. Paroch. pp. 652, 734.

The Calendar of Marian Gorman, at the same day, has the following commemoration, with its explanatory gloss:

"Donnan the great, with his monks.

:

"Fifty-two were his congregation. There came pirates of the sea to the island in which they were, and slew them all. Eig is the name of that island."

LII.

The Martyrology of Tamlacht is still more brief: Donnani Egha cum suis Quorum nomina in majore libro scribimus.

Unfortunately, this larger book is not known to exist at present; but the particular entry in it which is here referred to is preserved in the Acta Sanctorum, having been introduced there by Godefridus Henschenius, from an extract which was communicated by Thomas Sirinus, or O'Sheerin, Jubilate Lector of Theology in the Irish Franciscan College of Louvain. It is as follows:

:

Ega nomen fontis in Aldafain Cattaibh, in boreali Albania: et ibi Donnanus cum sua familia martyrium subiit. Quod sic contigit. Quædam

mulier dives illic habitabat ante Donnanum, et ibi pascebantur pecora ejus. Hæc ergo propter invidiam, quam circa illos habebat, quibusdam latronibus persuasit, ut interficerent Donnanum. Sed cum illi latrones illuc venissent, invenerunt eos in Oratorio psalmodiam cantantes, et ibi non potuerunt eosdem interficere. Dixit autem Donnanus discipulis suis, Eamus in refectorium, ut hi possint interficere nos, ubi vivere carnaliter solebamus: quia quamdiu sumus ubi Deo sategimus placere, mori non possumus: ubi vero carni beneficimus, carnis dispendium solvemus. Sic ergo in refectorio in nocte Pascha occisi sunt. Quinquaginta duo autem passi sunt simul cum ipso Donnano." Then follow the names : 66 Ædanus, Iarloga, Maricus, Congallius, Lonanus, Maclasrius, Joannes, Arnanes, Erninus, Baithinus, Rothanus, Andrelanus, Carellus, Rotanus, Fergussanus, Rectarius, Connidius, Endeus, Macloga, Guretius, Junetus, Coranus, Baithanus, Colmanus, Iernludus, Lugadius, Luda, Gruundus, Cucalinus, Cobranus, Conmundus, Cumminus, Balthianus, Senachus, Demanus, Cummenus, Fernlugus, Finanus, Finnchanus, Finnichus, Conanus, Modomma, Cronanus, Kieranus, Colmanus, Naviunus, Remanus, Erninus, Ailchuo, Donnanus."

Aldafain seems to be an error arising out of a misreading of the original. Otherwise, this authority ignores Eigg entirely, and places the massacre at Kildonan, in Sutherland.

Upon this recital Henschenius observes: "Noluimus hæc nomina in titulo exprimere, non tam quia veremur ne plura perperam scripta sint, quam quia suspicamur a posteris excogitata, ne pii isti monachi propter justitiam occubuisse crediti, remanerent anonymi." He then adds a Latin translation of the entry in the Calendar of Cashel: " S. Donnanus martyr cum multis sociis, ad Britanno-Hibernos profectus, missis a Rege satellitibus, qui eum interficerent, tantisper ad ejus preces expectarunt, donec Missam finiret. Qua finita ipse S. Donnanus cum suis martyrio est coronatus in eodem loco." To this is subjoined a Latin translation of Maguire's gloss on the Feilire, which has been given above, with an English version.

Now, as to the date of the tragedy, writers are very much at fault : Sirinus conjectures that it was before 596, whereas Keith, following Dempster, refers Donnan's florebat to so late a year as 840. But the true date is placed beyond any question by the hitherto unnoticed entries in the Irish Annals. Tighernach, at 617, says, Combustio Donnain-Ega hi [in] xv. Kal. Maii cum CL. martiribus. The notation of 617, as printed by O'Connor, is K. iiii., that is, that Jan. 1 fell on Wednesday. In such case the Sunday letter would be E, which belongs to 615, 620. And the Annals of Ulster, at 616, in the same words. According to the peculiar computation of the Annals of Innisfallen, the event took place in 611, at which year they record the Orgain Donnain Ega hi xu. cal. Maii, "the destruction of Donnain-Ega on the 15th of the Calends of May." According to the Annals of Ulster, which are more correct in their notation than the printed text of Tighernach, the first of January, in 617, the year of Donnan's martyrdom, fell on Saturday, so that the Sunday-letter of the year is B, which is also the Regular-letter of April 17, and thus the saint's death is calculated to have occurred on Sunday, a fact which we would have been led to expect from the mention, in the Calendars, of his having been at mass at the time he was attacked. It is, however, a mistake in the Martyrology of Tamlacht to say that it was on Easter Sunday; for that festival, in 617, fell on April 3, and in 618, on April 16, neither of which, even supposing the latter to be the true date, could coincide with St. Donnan's day. It is a remarkable test of the accuracy of the Annals of Ulster to find a year and a chronological note assigned for an occurrence which is limited by a casual expression in a gloss upon the Calendar; and it is to the credit of that gloss, that what might be supposed