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By Professor EDWARD ALLEN FAY, Ph.D. The text followed in the Concordance is Witte's (Berlin, 1862), with the addition of such words of the edition of Niccolini, Capponi, Borghi and Becchi (Florence, 1837) as differ from Witte's. Foot-notes in italics give the words of Witte's text when the Concordance follows the other, and footnotes in Roman type introduce variants from various critical texts.

The Concordance will make a volume of between eight and nine hundred pages, and will be sold by subscription only, price to subscribers, £2 25.

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WORLD-ENGLISH:

THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE.

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This work is written to demonstrate the fitness of the English language for adoption as the universal language. The only drawback to the extension of English hitherto has been its difficult and unsystematic spelling. "WorldEnglish" introduces an amended alphabet with new letters for unrepresented sounds. Ordinary orthography remains unchanged as Literary-English. The aspect of words is so little unlike in both systems that readers of either will decipher the other without special instruction. This may be tested-so far as "World-English" is concerned-in this work. The new method is thus adapted to be used in schools as introductory to common letters; while it fills, besides, the grand function of fitting English for its destined universality. The idea is both interesting and valuable, leaving the spelling of literary English undisturbed, a separate but kindred system of letters is provided for the special purpose of "World-English," and the supposed necessity for "Volapük," or any other artificial language, is effectually superseded.

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THE GOSPEL BY ST. MATTHEW.

IN THE ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE OF FORMOSA, With Corresponding Versions in DUTCH and ENGLISH. Reprinted, with an Introduction, from the Amsterdam Edition of 1661.

By Rev. W. CAMPBELL, F.R.G.S.,
English Presbyterian Mission, Taiwanfoo.

This Reprint has been made through the courteous kindness of the Authorities connected with the University Library in Leiden, where the only known copy of the original work is preserved. The object mainly intended in its preparation has been a revival of the extensive educational and Christianizing work carried on by the Dutch in Formosa 250 years ago; but, from Professor de Lacouperie's fresh and exhaustive article in the July number of the Royal Asiatic Society's Journal, it may be inferred that this specimen of the language now made thus accessible for the first time, will be welcomed by many scholars who are interested in the Languages and Races of the East. THE

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The Westminster Review.-" Alone and unapproached as a complete although necessarily condensed, account of India and its people."

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This Edition incorporates the suggestions received by the author from Directors of Public Instruction and other Educational authorities in India; its statistics are brought down to the last Census; and its narrative, to the year 1886. The work has received the emphatic approval of the organ of the English School Boards, is adopted as a text-book by the University of Calcutta, and is largely employed for educational purposes in Europe and America.

The School Board Chronicle.-"Within the compass of some 250 pages we know of no history of the people of India so concise, so interesting, and so useful for educational purposes as this.'

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AGENTS:

SANSKRIT MSS. IN THE

ON a previous occasion we drew attention to the very valuable collection of Burmese and Pali MSS. which had formed part of the library of King Theebaw of Burma, and which had been transferred from Mandalay to London, to be incorporated in the Library of the India Office. They were added here to the already rich collection of Oriental MSS. entrusted to Dr. Rost's care, which it has been his endeavour ever since his appointment to the post of Librarian to the India Office in 1869, to sift, arrange and make accessible to scholars. We have just received the first portion of the classified catalogue of the Sanskrit MSS. in the possession of the Indian Government, prepared with the sanction of the India Council and the assistance of Dr. Rost by Prof. J. Eggeling of Edinburgh. The work of compiling this catalogue was originally divided between Prof. Eggeling and the late Dr. Haas, of the British Museum, while the services of Dr. E. Windisch, now Professor of Oriental Languages of Leipzig, were secured, for a period of one year, for describing the Philosophic works of the collection. At the same time, though independently of these gentlemen, Dr. Rost himself undertook the task of cataloguing the collection of MSS. written in South Indian characters. A number of Mackenzie MSS., chiefly written in the Telugu character, as well as a modern copy of the Upanishads known to Andhra Brahmans, prepared for the late Sir Walter Eliot, were, however, included in the present part. As regards the division of labour, Prof. Eggeling was to undertake the Vedic department as well as the grammatical, lexicographic, rhetorical and law literature, while the remaining departments of the classical Sanskrit literature fell to the share of Dr. Haas.

July 31, 1888.

SHANGHAI: KELLY AND WALSH, Limited.

DUTCH EAST INDIES: J. H. DE BUSSY, SPUISTRAAT, AMSTERDAM.

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY.

In 1875 Prof. Eggeling was appointed to the Sanskrit Chair in the University of Edinburgh, which naturally retarded considerably the progress of the work, as did also the long and tedious illness and premature death of his collaborator. Dr. Haas certainly left his portion of the MSS. sufficiently advanced to admit of a final revision, but the difficult and delicate task of arranging and revising the MS. materials of his departed friend was now imposed upon Prof. Eggeling in addition to what he had already undertaken. It is needless to mention that he has done this piece of work with exquisite care and accuracy, and with that thorough knowledge of the subject he is treating which he displays in all his work. There are two features which Prof. Eggeling added after the demise of Dr. Haas to the work. The one is the approximate indication of the age of most of the MSS. which, however uncertain it may be in many cases, must, if approached with some caution, be of value to all who consult the catalogue. The other addition made by Prof. Eggeling to the original plan are extracts from some of the works described which he thought would supplement Dr. Haas's general characterization for the purpose of facilitating their identification. The present portion of the catalogue describing the MSS. relating to the Vedic literature is subdivided into four parts, the first dealing with the "Samhitas and Brahmanas," the second with the "Vedic Ritual" (Kalpa), the third with the Upanishads and the fourth with the Vedanga. We anxiously await the completion of this most valuable and reliable piece of Oriental bibliography, and shall regularly report its progress.

A NEW ARABIC DICTIONARY.*

ARABIC as the classical language of Islam is-to go no further -not only the key to a proper understanding of the other languages spoken throughout the Muhammadan world, but also the fountain head of all Muhammadan literature in the domains of divinity, philosophy, and jurisprudence. From its surprisingly rich vocabulary, Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Pashto, Malay and other tongues on which, with the spread of Islam, the Arabic alphabet has been foisted, have drawn a large number of their words, and can legitimately still further draw for such terms as are needed by them for the proper expression of ideas with which the growing contact with European civilization is beginning to familiarize the people. On the other hand, as long as Islam shall last, Arabic modes of thought and canons of literary composition are sure to remain the source and model for Muhammadan writers in other countries. The vast and varied literature of the Arabs themselves, the commencement of which must be sought in centuries long antecedent to the rise of the Prophet, is calculated richly to reward the time and labour of the student, a fact sufficiently guaranteed by the enthusiasm for the object of their studies with which Arabic scholars in all countries after their long and hard apprenticeship are invariably animated. But while on the continent the study of Arabic is carried on with zeal and profit by a large number of students, England yields but a lamentably small contingent, though there is every inducement for the formation of a school of Arabists worthy of the name. Have we not Lane's great Arabic Thesaurus, though it still lacks completion? Is not the best Arabic grammar since S. de Sacy's by a Cambridge Professor, and that Professor one of the foremost Arabic scholars of the day? Or are those aids to study too ponderous to attract a learner accustomed to travel by shorter and easier roads? So far as Dictionaries are concerned, it is perfectly true that all those aiming at any comprehensiveness are both bulky and expensive. The most recent English publication of the kind is on account of its high price (£3) inaccessible to ordinary students. Under these circumstances it will, we are convinced, be welcome news to intending learners that Mr. Habib Anthony Salmoné, Arabic Lecturer at University College, London, has prepared for publication an Arabic-English Dictionary, with a comprehensive English Index, on an ingeniously devised system by means of which such a saving of space will be effected as to enable the publishers, Messrs. Trubner & Co., to bring out the book at a cost not exceeding one pound, though the Arabic part will comprise about 120,000, and the English Index between 40 and 50 thousand words. Instead of

An Arabic-English Dictionary on a New and Unique System, comprising about 120,000 Arabic Words, with an English Index of about 50,000 Words. By A. Salmone. London: Trübner & Co.

specifying under each root-word the various derivations in succession, and the various broken plurals after the singulars to which they belong, Mr. Salmoné refers by figures for every one of the 70 common derivative forms to a table which is prefixed to the Dictionary, and in which the consonants and vowel points characteristic of each derivative form are printed in red so as to be readily distinguishable from the radical letters. The table is accompanied by full explanatory notes as to the use to be made of it. A few examples will serve to illustrate what we mean.

Thus, under the root we find, in addition to the meanings and constructions of the verb in various conjugations, the following references to the table, viz. (n. ac. 4), which means that the nomen actionis has the fourth form

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(ماد =) إسادة = )

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plurals: the commonest plural being underlined to enable the student to know which of these is generally used. Further, we find that the 5th form (corresponding to ) means “lionhearted;" that the 17th form with t (=), pl. 44 means "jungle," "thicket;" that 23 and 24* i) mean "pillow;" etc. It is obvious that by this contrivance a vast deal of space is saved; and if this is done at the expense of some little trouble to the learner, who will have to refer to the table until by dint of practice he has completely mastered it, the student will in the end be the gainer. As regards the English Index, reference to the body of the work is in each case facilitated by the number of lines in each page being marked in the margin. So you will find, e.g. under " hedge-hog" a reference to p. 15, (63), where under the root the figure 26 points to the

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derived form in the table to which corresponds. The publishers have, in expecting the students of Arabic to go to some little extra trouble in the use of this dictionary, rightly taken the measure of their mental capacity, for no one who is not prepared to take that trouble should attempt the study of such a language as Arabic.

CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA.†

ONE-HALF of this small pamphlet of 65 pages is occupied by a new version of the famous Nestorian inscription of A.D. 781. Printed as it is with the text on the opposite page, the student of Chinese is, to say the least, supplied with a very handy work on a once much-vexed question. The genuineness of the monument has indeed long since been admitted by all competent authorities. But there still remain, wrapped up in the inscription itself, points which may yet afford fair battle-ground to enterprising Sinologues. Of hitherto existing difficulties, Dr. Legge has undoubtedly disposed of not a few. His results have fully justified his desire to give the world a new and more accurate translation. He has settled the case of in section 9. Also the much more difficult question of in the verses at the end of the inscription. But he has left weak water" where it was, and where it seems likely to remain. And he has given us some specimens of translation which will made the blue blood of Sinology run cold. E.g.-The opening words of the proclamation in

"

section 7 are 道無常名聖無常體 These

are rendered by Dr. Legge, "Systems have not always the same name; sages have not always the same personality." But what the Emperor clearly meant to say was that TAO, the great principle of eternal right which underlies all religion, does not always appear under the same name; nor does, the principle of true holiness which inspires +"Christianity in China-Nestorianism-Roman CatholicismProtestantism." By James Legge. London: Trübner & Co.

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prophets, always appear in the same set of corporeal frames. This was to prepare his subjects for finding TAO, to which they had been accustomed for ages under other denominations, in the new religion which was now, not as Dr. Legge says, "to have free course through the empire, but to prevail throughout the empire.' At the date at which the said proclamation was issued, it must be remembered that Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, were all familiar terms. So that to make an important Imperial Proclamation begin by gravely stating that "systems have not always the same name," is to invent a ludicrous platitude which most assuredly is not to be found in the text. As to the "sages," the Emperor of course meant that the spirit of true holiness manifests itself sometimes in the bodies of one set of men, sometimes in those of another.

The 道 and the 聖

are not the vehicles, but the things conveyed. Dr. Legge goes on to translate, "Every region has its appropriate doctrines." But reference to the text will demonstrate to the reader of Chinese that "appropriate" has been supplied by Dr. Legge himself. About a dozen more such passages are equally open to criticism, a fact which is perhaps not likely to detract from the value of the pamphlet in the eyes of those who are seeking fields of investigation. The remaining half of Dr. Legge's work consists of a lecture in which he gives an account of the growth of Christianity in China. This is of exceptional value. The story is briefly and pointedly told; and full justice is done to the splendid achievements of the pioneers of the Roman Catholic Church. -HERBERT A. GILES.

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