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Sec. 321. National Highway Institute.

(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to establish and operate in the Federal Highway Administration a National Highway Institute hereafter referred to as the "Institute". The Institute shall develop and administer, in cooperation with the State highway departments, training programs of instruction for Federal Highway Administration and State and local highway department employees engaged or to be engaged in Federal-aid highway work. Such programs may include, but not be limited to, courses in modern developments, techniques, and procedures, relating to highway planning, environmental factors, acquisition of rights-of-way, engineering, construction, maintenance, contract administration, and inspection. The Secretary shall administer all authority vested in him by this title or by any other provision of law for the development and conduct of educational and training programs relating to highways through the Institute. Sums authorized to be deducted for administrative purposes by subsection (a) of section 104 of this title shall be available for carrying out this subsection.

(b) Not to exceed one-half of 1 per centum of all funds apportioned for any fiscal year beginning after June 30, 1970, to any State under paragraphs (1), (2), and (6) of section 104(b) of this title shall be available for expenditure by the State highway department, subject to approval by the Secretary, for payment of not to exceed 75 per centum of the cost of tuition and direct educational expenses (but not travel, subsistence, or salaries) in connection with the education and training of State and local highway department employees as provided in this section. 195 a

(c) Education and training of Federal, State, and local highway employees authorized by this section may be provided by the Secretary, or, in the case where such education and training is to be paid for under subsection (b) of this section, by the State, subject to the approval of the Secretary, through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals. 196

Sec. 322. Demonstration project-rail crossings.

(a) The Secretary shall carry out a demonstration project for the elimination of all public ground-level rail-highway crossings along the route of the high-speed ground transportation demonstration projects between Washington, District of Columbia, and Boston, Massachusetts. The Secretary may permit selected individual public crossings of unusually low-potential hazard to remain at ground level, if they are provided with the best available protection. 196 a

195 a Amended by sec. 11, Public Law 96-106, Nov. 9, 1979 (93 Stat. 798).

196 New section added by sec. 115(a) of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713).

196a Amended by sec. 117 of Public Law 93-643, Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2288) and sec. 5(d)(3), Public Law 97-449, Jan. 12, 1983 (96 Stat. 2442).

(b) the Secretary shall carry out a demonstration project for the elimination or protection of certain public ground-level rail-highway crossings in, or in the vicinity of, Greenwood, South Carolina.

(c)(1) If the highway involved is on any Federal-aid system, the Federal share of the cost of such work shall be 90 per centum and the railroad's share of such cost shall be 10 per centum.

(2) If the highway involved is not on any Federal-aid system, the Federal share of the cost of such work shall be 80 per centum and the railroad's share of such cost shall be 10 per centum and the remaining 10 per centum of such cost shall be paid by the State in which such crossing is located.

(d) Before paying any part of the cost of the demonstration projects authorized by this section, the Secretary shall enter into such agreements with the States and railroads involved to insure that all nonFederal costs will be provided as required by this section.

(e) The Secretary, in cooperation with State highway departments, shall conduct a full and complete investigation and study of the problem of providing increased highway safety at public and private ground-level rail-highway crossings on a nationwide basis through the elimination of such crossings or otherwise, including specifically highspeed rail operations in all parts of the country, and report to Congress his recommendations resulting from such investigation and study not later than July 1, 1972, including an estimate of the cost of such a program. Funds authorized to carry out section 307 of this title are authorized to be used to carry out the investigation and study required by this subsection.

(f) There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $9,000,000 from the Highway Trust Fund to carry out paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of this section. There is authorized to be appropriated out of the general fund not to exceed $22,000,000 to carry out paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of this section. 197

Sec. 323. Donations.

Nothing in this title, or in any other provision of law, shall be construed to prevent a person whose real property is being acquired in connection with a project under this title, after he has been fully informed of his right to receive just compensation for the acquisition of his property, from making a gift or donation of such property, or any part thereof, or of any of the compensation paid therefor, to a Federal agency, a State or a State agency, or a political subdivision of a State, as said person shall determine. 198

197 Added by sec. 205(a) of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713). 198 New section added by sec. 145(a) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 1973 (87 Stat. 273); amended by sec. 112 of Public Law 93-643, Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2286).

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Sec. 324. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex.

199

No person shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal assistance under this title or carried on under this title. This provision will be enforced through agency provisions and rules similar to those already established, with respect to racial and other discrimination, under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, this remedy is not exclusive and will not prejudice or cut off any other legal remedies available to a discriminatee.

199 New section added by sec. 162(a) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat.

280).

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The Secretary is authorized and directed to assist and cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and other interested parties, to increase highway safety. For the purposes of this chapter, the term "State" means any one of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, except that all expenditures for carrying out this chapter in the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa shall be paid out of money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. 202

Sec. 402. Highway safety programs.

(a) Each State shall have a highway safety program approved by the Secretary, designed to reduce traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom. Such programs shall be in accordance with uniform standards promulgated by the Secretary. Such uniform standards shall be expressed in terms of performance criteria. Such uniform standards shall be promulgated by the Secretary so as to improve driver performance (including, but not limited to, driver education, driver testing to determine proficiency to operate motor vehicles, driver examinations (both physical and mental) and driver licensing) and to improve pedestrian performance and bicycle safety. In addition such uniform standards shall include, but not be limited to, provisions for an effective record system of accidents (including injuries and deaths resulting therefrom), accident investigations to determine the probable causes of accidents, injuries, and deaths, vehicle registration, operation, and inspection, highway design and maintenance (including lighting, markings, and surface treatment), traffic control, vehi

200 Ch. 4 added by sec. 101 of Public Law 89-564, Sept. 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 731). 201 Added by sec. 230 of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 293–294). 202 Amended by sec. 218 of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 290).

cle codes and laws, surveillance of traffic for detection and correction of high or potentially high accident locations, and emergency services. Such standards as are applicable to State highway safety programs shall, to the extent determined appropriate by the Secretary, be applicable to federally administered areas where a Federal department or agency controls the highways or supervises traffic operations. The Secretary shall be authorized to amend or waive standards on a temporary basis for the purpose of evaluating new or different highway safety programs instituted on an experimental, pilot, or demonstration basis by one or more States, including, but not limited to, such programs for identifying accident causes, adopting measures to reduce accidents, and evaluating effectiveness of such measures, where the Secretary finds that the public interest would be served by such amendment or waiver. 203

(b) (1) The Secretary shall not approve any State highway safety program under this section which does not

(A) provide that the Governor of the State shall be responsible for the administration of the program through a State highway safety agency which shall have adequate powers, and be suitably equipped and organized to carry out, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, such program. 204

(B) authorize political subdivisions of such State to carry out local highway safety programs within their jurisdictions as a part of the State highway safety program if such local highway safety programs are approved by the Governor and are in accordance with the uniform standards of the Secretary promulgated under this section.

(C) provide that at least 40 per centum of all Federal funds apportioned under this section to such State for any fiscal year will be expended by the political subdivisions of such State in carrying out local highway safety programs authorized in accordance with subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.

(D) provide for comprehensive driver training programs, including (1) the initiation of a State program for driver education in the school systems or for a significant expansion and improvement of such a program already in existence, to be administered by appropriate school officials under the supervision of the Governor as set forth in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; (2) the training of qualified school instructors and their certification; (3) appropriate regulation of other driver training schools, including licensing of the schools and certification of their instructors; (4) adult driver

203 Amended by sec. 231(a) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 294); and sec. 207(a) of Public Law 95-599, Nov. 6, 1978 (92 Stat. 2731).

204 Amended by sec. 203(a) of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713), to be effective Dec. 31, 1971; and sec. 207(b)(1) of Public Law 95-599, Nov. 6, 1978 (92 Stat. 2731).

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