off at a jog-trot, singing and laughing in the most provoking manner, and thinking no more about it than if it were an old stone; even if rain were falling, he would put it in the best place. to get wet through. Economy, care, or forethought never enters his head; the first thing to hand is the right thing for him; and, rather than take the trouble even to look for his own rope to tie up his bundle, he would cut off his master's tent-ropes or steal his comrade's. His greatest delight is in the fair sex, and when he can't get them, next comes beer, song, and a dance.

a

Now this is a mild specimen of the "rowdy" negro, who has contributed more to open Africa to enterprise and civilization than any one else. Possessed of a wonderful amount of loquac ity, great risibility, but no stability—a creature of impulsegrown child, in short-at first sight it seems wonderful how he can be trained to work; for there is no law, no home to bind him: he could run away at any moment; and, presuming on this, he sins, expecting to be forgiven. Great forbearance, occasionally tinctured with a little fatherly severity, is, I believe, the best dose for him; for he says to his master, in the most childish manner, after sinning, "You ought to forgive and to forget; for are you not a big man who should be above harboring spite, though for a moment you may be angry? Flog me if you like, but don't keep count against me, else I shall run away; and what will you do then?"

The language of this people is just as strange as they are themselves. It is based on euphony, from which cause it is very complex, the more especially so as it requires one to be possessed of a negro's turn of mind to appreciate the system, and unravel the secret of its euphonic concord. A Kisŭahili grammar, written by Dr. Krapf, will exemplify what I mean. There is one peculiarity, however, to which I would direct the attention of the reader most particularly, which is, that Wa prefixed to the essential word of a country means men or people; M prefixed means man or individual; U, in the same way, means place or locality; and Ki prefixed indicates the language. Example: Wagogo is the people of Gogo; Mgogo is a Gogo man; Ugogo is the country of Gogo; and Kigogo the language of Gogo.

The only direction here necessary as regards pronunciation of native words refers to the u, which represents a sound corresponding to that of the oo in woo.

JOURNAL OF THE DISCOVERY

OF

THE SOURCE OF THE NILE.

CHAPTER I.

LONDON TO ZANZIBAR, 1859.

The Design.—The Preparations.-Departure.—The Cape.-The Zălă Kafirs.— Turtle-turning.-Capture of a Slaver.-Arrive at Zanzibar.-Local Politics and News since last Visit.-Organization of the Expedition.

My third expedition in Africa, which was avowedly for the purpose of establishing the truth of my assertion that the Victoria N'yanza, which I discovered on the 30th of July, 1858, would eventually prove to be the source of the Nile, may be said to have commenced on the 9th of May, 1859, the first day after my return to England from my second expedition, when, at the invitation of Sir R. I. Murchison, I called at his house to show him my map for the information of the Royal Geographical Society. Sir Roderick, I need only say, at once accepted my views; and, knowing my ardent desire to prove to the world, by actual inspection of the exit, that the Victoria N'yanza was the source of the Nile, seized the enlightened view that such a discovery should not be lost to the glory of England and the society of which he was president; and said to me, "Speke, we must send you there again." I was then officially directed, much against my own inclination, to lecture at the Royal Geographical Society on the geography of Africa, which I had, as the sole surveyor of the second expedition, laid down on our maps. A council of the Geographical Society was now convened to ascertain what proj

To

* Captain Burton, on receiving his gold medal at the hands of Sir Roderick I. Murchison, said, "You have alluded, sir, to the success of the last expedition. Justice compels me to state the circumstances under which it attained that success. Captain Speke are due those geographical results to which you have alluded in such flattering terms. While I undertook the history and ethnography, the languages, and the peculiarity of the people, to Captain Speke fell the arduous task of delineating an exact topography, and of laying down our positions by astronomical ob

ects I had in view for making good my discovery by connecting the lake with the Nile, as also what assistance I should want for that purpose.

Some thought my best plan would be to go up the Nile, which seemed to them the natural course to pursue, especially as the Nile was said, though nobody believed it, to have been navigated by expeditions sent out by Mehemet Ali, Viceroy of Egypt, up to 3° 22' north latitude. To this I objected, as so many had tried it and failed, from reasons which had not transpired; and, at the same time, I said that if they would give me £5000 down at once, I would return to Zanzibar at the end of the year, march to Kazé again, and make the necessary investigations of the Victoria Lake. Although, in addition to the journey to the source of the river, I also proposed spending three years in the country, looking up tributaries, inspecting watersheds, navigating the lake, and making collections on all branches of natural history, yet £5000 was thought by the Geographical Society too large a sum to expect from the government; so I accepted the half, saying that, whatever the expedition might cost, I would make good the rest, as, under any circumstances, I would complete what I had begun, or die in the attempt.

My motive for deferring the journey a year was the hope that I might, in the mean while, send on fifty men, carrying beads and brass wire, under charge of Arab ivory-traders, to Karagué, and fifty men more, in the same way, to Kazé; while I, arriving in the best season for traveling (May, June, or July), would be able to push on expeditiously to my dépôts so formed, and thus escape the great disadvantages of traveling with a large caravan in a country where no laws prevail to protect one against desertions and theft. Moreover, I knew that the negroes who would have to go with me, as long as they believed I had property in advance, would work up to it willingly, as they would be the gainers by doing so; while, with nothing before them, they would be always endeavoring to thwart my advance, to save them from a trouble which their natural laziness would prompt them to escape from.

This beautiful project, I am sorry to say, was doomed from the first; for I did not get the £2500 grant of money or appointment to the command until fully nine months had elapsed, when I

servations-a labor to which, at times, even the undaunted Livingstone found himself unequal."