program were totally developed that authority exists for that kind of a directive in the first place.

The second comment is we always hear that the Russians have the ability to do this, and they have the centralized industrial base, and can order the population to suddenly leave their homes, split up their families, relocate into some rural area, for an indefinite period of time. My question there is under our form of government, our free society, do we really want to have that kind of ability?

What would it cost us in terms of our freedom to have that ability to totally disrupt the country and break up families and order people out of their homes?

The third and last comment is we have been hearing all week about the scarcity of resources in this area, the fact that we spend very little money in terms of disaster preparedness, whether it be enemy attack or natural disasters. The concept of an evacuation plan, I think, is fine, and we would certainly support it if we had everything else done, if we had solid programs in all of the areas we have to deal with.

I think we could spend some of those critical resources on a plan like this then, but to have this be a primary emphasis, given the tiny number of dollars available to us, I think is awfully surprising and we ought to take a good hard look at it.

Mr. EVANS. General Weller, did you have a comment?

General WELLER. I think I expressed myself concerning the nuclear civil protection program. I would say that in Colorado we see a similar situation occurring, about 2 or 3 weeks in the year, in the skiing season and the opening of the spring mountain roads.

We actually displace probably a third of the population of the risk areas in those events, and we think it is entirely feasible to expand that.

[For response to additional questions for the record. See p. 359.]

Mr. EVANS. Fine. I would like to thank each of you gentlemen very much for your willingness to appear before us this morning. I appreciate your comments and I think they will be very helpful to the committee in its deliberations.

At this time the committee will recess, and I will also state that the record will remain open for any further submission of data or

comments.

Thank you very much.

[Thereupon, at 12:45 p.m. the hearing was concluded.]

APPENDIX I

FRED J. SHAFER

Fred J. Shafer is Director of the Logistics and Communications Division in the General Accounting Office.

Mr. Shafer entered Government service in 1941 and served in the U.S. Army during World War II. He has received degrees in accounting from Southeastern University and in economics from American University. He has completed the executive programs of the Brookings Institution and the University of Michigan Graduate School of Business Administration.

Since joining the General Accounting Office in 1946, Mr. Shafer has held positions of increasing responsibility in the work of the Office. Prior to his present assignment he was the Deputy Director of the Logistics and Communications Division.

LESLIE W. BRAY, JR.

Major General Leslie W. Bray, Jr., USAF (Ret.), is the Director of the Federal Preparedness Agency, General Services Administration. The Federal Preparedness Agency (FPA) is responsible for preparing plans and policies to ensure the continued operation of the Federal Government in the event of a national emergency and to meet many other critical contingencies ranging from economic crises to nuclear attack.

The Federal Preparedness Agency is a successor agency to the Office of Emergency Preparedness in the Executive Office of the President. General Bray has been Director of the Federal Preparedness Agency and its immediate predecessor agency, Office of Preparedness, since October 1973.

General Bray's broad leadership experience and managerial expertise are essential qualifications in heading the Federal Preparedness Agency.

As Director of Doctrine, Concepts, and Objectives in the Office of the Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, General Bray evaluated and developed long-range concepts to improve the Air Force's effectiveness in meeting national security objectives. He performed additional duties as the Special Assistant to the Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations on Vietnamization. Consequently, General Bray was recognized as the top-level Air Force manager for 1972, and received the Eugene M. Zuckert Management Award.

Born in Wichita Falls, Texas, Bray attended Arlington (Texas) State University and received his B.S. degree from the University of Maryland. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1942 as an aviation cadet and won his wings and commission at Foster Field, Texas. After serving with the 10th Troop Carrier Group at Pope Field, N.C., and the 4th Combat Cargo Group at Syracuse, N.Y. Bray became the first and only commander of the 16th Combat Cargo Squadron in June 1944, serving in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations.

Following World War II, Bray served as liaison officer at Randolph Field and then was assigned to Civil Air Patrol headquarters. He was reassigned to the Troop Carrier Command at Pope Field in 1946 before his transfer to Bergstrom Air Force Base (AFB), Texas. From 1947 to 1954, he was assigned to Strategic Air Command (SAC), serving with several organizations in various positions at Walker AFB, New Mexico and at Sid Slimane, French Morocco.

In 1954, Bray was assigned to Air Force headquarters at Washington, D.C., where he became Chief, Assignment Policy and Procedures Branch. After attending the Air War College at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, he served in Japan in 1959 as Director of Operations, 483rd Troop Carrier Wing, and later in Okinawa as Detachment Commander of the 315th Air Division. He participated in training exercises in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam before his assignment in 1961 as Director of Plans, Pacific Air Forces, at Hickam AFB, Hawaii.

In 1963, Bray returned to Air Force headquarters and served again at Ran

dolph AFB before reassignment to the Washington headquarters in 1966 as Deputy Assistant for Joint Matters, Directorate of Plans. In 1967, he assumed duties as Assistant Director of Plans for Joint and National Security Matters, and became the Director of Doctrine, Concepts, and Objectives in February 1970. He was promoted to Major General in May 1970, and retired from the Air Force in September 1973.

General Bray's military decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, Distinguished' Flying Cross, Air Medal with one oak leaf cluster, and Air Force Commendation Medal.

He is married to the former Marie Harrison of Dallas.

PHILIP E. COLDWELL

Dr. Philip E. Coldwell is a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C.. Governor Coldwell received his B.S. and M.S. degrees at the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Wisconsin. After several years of teaching at Universities in Illinois, Wisconsin, Montana and Louisiana, he joined the Federal Reserve System as an industrial economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 1951. The following year Dr. Coldwell transferred to the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas where he moved progressively to director of research in 1954, vice president in 1960, first vice president in 1962 and finally president in 1968. It was from that position that he was appointed to the Board of Governors in 1974. Dr. Coldwell was formerly a director of the Dallas Council on World Affairs, trustee of the Southwestern Legal Foundation at SMU, public councilor of the Texas A&M Research Foundation and Elder of the Highland Park Presbyterian Church in Dallas.

During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy as a fighter pilot.

THOMAS P. DUNNE

Thomas P. Dunne, 39, Administrator of the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, is responsible for supervising the relief activities of governmental and private agencies following an emergency or major disaster declaration by the President.

Mr. Dunne was appointed to the position by the Secretary of HUD when Reorganization Plan No. 1 renamed the disaster functions of the Office of Emergency Preparedness and moved FDAA to HUD on July 1, 1973.

From March 1972 until joining HUD, Mr. Dunne had been Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations of the Economic Development Administration in the Department of Commerce. Starting in November 1969, he held a series of increasingly responsible positions in Economic Development, which included on occasion working with disaster devastated communities.

Prior to entering public service, Mr. Dunne was Midwestern advertising representative of Nation's Business from 1965 to 1969. He previously served as an advertising representative with several agencies, as an insurance agent, and as an accountant.

A native of Chicago, Mr. Dunne attended the University of Illinois and Southeast Junior College. He is married to the former Carol Lucas of Chicago.

GEORGE R., RODERICKS

George R. Rodericks was born in East Providence, Rhode Island, in 1916. He attended public schools in Rhode Island and Providence College.

Marital status. Married and has four children.

Private. 1935 to 1937, Howard & Lewis Motor Sales, Providence, Rhode Island. 1937 to 1939, Self-employed, Salesman. 1939 to 1941, Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company, Providence, Rhode Island.

Government service.

Military. 1941 to 1946, Inducted into the U.S. Army. Served from January 1941 to December 1942. Commissioned 2nd Lt., Adjutant General's Corps, December

1942. Assistant Adjutant General, II Corps, Africa; Sicily; Italy. Commanding Officer 52nd MRU (Mobile); Italy; France; Germany. Military Government Officer, Italy; Sicily. Assistant Adjutant General, Hdqts. 5th Army, Italy. Assistant Adjutant General, Hdqts. 7th Army, France; Germany. Separated from active duty, Major, AGC-USAR.

U.S. Army Reserve. 1946 to 1968, Reserve Officer from 1946 to 1968. Adjutant, 1028th Military Government Group. Executive Officer, 435th Military Government Company. Faculty Member, AGC Branch, USAR School, Providence, Rhode Island. Plans & Training Officer, 805th Hospital Center. Executive Officer 2393rd Medical Training Unit. Executive Officer 395th Convalescent Center, Lt. Colonel, AGC-USAR. Retired Reserve, 1968, Colonel, USAR.

State of Rhode Island. 1946 to 1948, Executive Director, Rhode Island Veterans' Bonus Board. 1948 to 1952, Assistant Clerk, Superior Court, State of Rhode Island. 1952 to 1955, Executive Assistant to the Governor, R.I. 1955 to 1957, State Civil Defense Medical Coordinator.

Federal and District of Columbia Government service. 1957 to 1958, Civil Defense Advisor, Public Health Service, DHEW, Washington, D.C. 1958 to 1959, Civil Defense Coordinator, Department of Public Health, District of Columbia. 1959 to present, Director of Civil Defense, District of Columbia Government. (Civil Defense changed to Office of Emergency Preparedness-23 January 1976 by Mayor's Order 76-49) 1971, Chairman, D.C. Government-9-1-1 Task Force. 1972 to 1973, Chairman, D.C. Government—Interdepartmental Telecommunications Task Force. 1970 to 1973, Member, D.C. Government-Public Safety Group. 1973 to present, Director, Office of Petroleum Allocation, District of Columbia Government.

Civil Defense Training. Civil Defense Training Course for Food and Drug Officials, Providence, Rhode Island. Civil Defense Emergency Operations for Public Health Officials, Providence, Rhode Island. Special Course of Instruction in Civil Defense Operations, University of Maine. Radiological Health Course, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Health Services Planning for Civil Defense, Battle Creek, Michigan. Civil Defense Emergency Operations, Battle Creek, Michigan. Radiological Monitors Course, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Elements of Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, Washington, D.C.

Civil Defense and Emergency Services Organizations. Appointed by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia as Chairman, Civil Defense CommitteeMetropolitan Washington Traffic Council, 1959. Elected Secretary-Treasurer, National Association of State Civil Defense Directors, 1960; reelected 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973. Elected President, National Association of State Civil Defense Directors, 1965. Appointed by the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, as a member of the State Directors Advisory Committee, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965. Chairman of the Civil Defense Technical Advisory Board of the Washington Metropolitan Regional Conference, 1962, 1963, 1964. Chairman, Civil Defense Advisory Board, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968. Member, Civil Defense Advisory Board, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, 1969, 1970. Member, Civil Defense Administrators' Committee, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, 1971, 1972, 1973. Member, Disaster & Emergency Preparedness Committee, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, 1974, 1975, 1976. Member, Energy Policy Advisory Committee, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, 1974, 1975, 1976.

Consultant. National Academy of Engineering, Committee on Telecommunications, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976. Republican and Democratic National Conventions, Miami Beach, Florida. Emergency Services, Operations and Negotiations 1972. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Committee on Regional Emergency Medical Communications Systems, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976. Faculty Member, American Medical Association, Emergency Medical Systems National Seminars, 1974.

Guest lecturer. SEADOC (Civil Disturbance Orientation Course), Dissent and Disorder Management Group. Department of Army, Hdqts., U.S. Military Police School, Fort Gordon, Georgia 1973, 1974, 1975.

79-953 O 77 - 13

CECIL H. RUSSELL

Cecil H. Russell, Director, Office Of Emergency Services, Cabell County, Huntington, West Virginia.

President, United States Civil Defense Council.

Attended public schools in Huntington, West Virginia, also University of West Virginia, Marshall University, Michigan Technological University Defense Civil Preparedness Staff College, West Virginia Police Academy.

Served in the United States Navy during World War II, being honorably discharged following the war.

Started Civil Defense career in 1955 training auxiliary police. After retiring from the Huntington Police Department was appointed director of emergency services in 1967. I have served the United States Civil Defense Council as a member of the training and education committee, legislative committee and constitution by-laws committee. Served as State Representative for West Virginia, a past president West Virginia Civil Defense Council, Member of Society of Radiological Defense, the Governors Committee Emergency Medical Services.

Honors: Certificate of Commendation from Federal Region II Office of Defense Civil Preparedness Agency for Outstanding efforts in promoting civil preparedness. Awarded certificate of accomplishments by the United States Civil Defense Council for contributions in building an outstanding civil preparedness agency for the County, State and Nation.

JOHN E. DAVIS

John E. Davis is National Director of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, Department of Defense, with headquarters in the Pentagon. He was appointed by Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird in May 1972.

Prior to becoming DCPA Director-Mr. Davis, since 1969, was National Director of the Office of Civil Defense, an agency replaced by DCPA.

The DCPA mission is to provide federal assistance to increase the emergency capabilities of civil government throughout the United States, DCPA programs cover all aspects of civil preparedness, from peacetime natural disasters and other emergencies to nuclear attack.

Mr. Davis is a former two-term Governor of North Dakota and a Past National Commander of The American Legion and has been in public service as a mayor and a State Senator. He is President of the First National Bank of McClusky, North Dakota.

Mr. Davis served in the Army in World War II and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel of infantry. He won the Silver Star while serving with the 35th Infantry Division in Europe.

MILTON MITNICK

Milton Mitnick is the State Director of the Indiana Department of Civil De fense. He retired from the USAR in 1971 and presently holds a commission as colonel in the infantry of the Indiana Guard Reserve. He is a graduate of the Industrial College Armed Forces, Washington, D.C.; Industrial Defense and Disaster Planning School, Ft. Gordon, Georgia; Army Intelligence School, Fort Holabird, Maryland; Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He completed his undergraduate studies at Loyola University, Chicago. Mr. Mitnick is a member of the American Legion, Reserve Officers Association, Indianapolis Museum of Art, and the American Nuclear Society. He is the 58th recipient of Indiana's Distinguished Service Medal.

BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM DAVID WELLER

General Weller was born in Delta, Colorado, 4 March 1919. He attended the following schools. Trinidad Junior College, 1936-1938; Colorado School of Mines, 1938-1939; Field Artillery Officer Candidate School, 1942; Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course, 1944; Infantry Refresher Course, 1955; Associate Command and General Staff Officer Course, 1966.

General Weller enlisted in the 168th Field Artillery, Colorado National Guard, on 3 December 1940, and entered active duty with his unit on 24 February 1941. He was accepted for officer candidate training while at Camp Roberts, California.