bridges, known as the River Quay, was being redeveloped in order to preserve its historic significance and to promote the establishment there of family-oriented businesses.

2. That at all times pertinent hereto, Fred Harvey Bonadonna was the managing officer of a restaurant and bar known as Poor Freddie's, located at 301 Delaware Street, Kansas City, Missouri, in the River Quay.

3. That at all times pertinent hereto, food, liquor, services and other commodities regularly utilized in the operation of Poor Freddie's moved and were transported in interstate commerce, between various states in the United States and the State of Missouri, and the patrons and employees of Poor Freddie's regularly included residents of Kansas and other states.

4. That during the times pertinent hereto, Fred Harvey Bonadonna was Vicepresident of the Market Area Business Men's Association, and President of the River Quay Bar and Restaurant Association, later known as the Red Quay Bar and Restaurant Association, and that these associations were organized to promote and encourage the development of the River Quay.

5. That commencing on or about June, 1975, and continuing thereafter until on or about September, 1976, the exact dates unknown to the Grand Jury, in the Western District of Missouri and elsewhere, William Cammisano and Joseph Cammisano, the defendants herein, did unlawfully, willfully and knowingly combine, conspire, and agree together and with other persons, to obstruct, delay and affect commerce, as that term is defined in Section 1951 of Title 18, United States Code, and the movement of articles and commodities in such commerce by extortion, as that term is defined in Section 1951 of Title 18, United States Code; that is, the defendants William Cammisano and Joseph Cammisano conspired to obtain from Fred Harvey Bonadonna the good will, parking lot leases, customer patronage and other valuable rights and interest in the business known as Poor Freddie's, with his consent, induced by the wrongful use of actual and threatened force, violence and fear.

It was part of said conspiracy that the defendants William Cammisano and Joseph Cammisano would and did utilize David Bonadonna, the father of Fred Harvey Bonadonna and an associate of the defendant William Cammisano, as a conduit to communicate their demands to Fred Harvey Bonadonna; that the defendants would and did utilize William Cammisano's reputation as a violent individual and as a member in a criminal group to intimidate and coerce Fred Harvey Bonadonna; and that the defendants would and did personally threaten Fred Harvey Bonadonna and David Bonadonna with physical violence and death, all in order to obtain said property of Fred Harvey Bonadonna.

OVERT ACTS

In furtherance of the conspiracy, and in order to effect the objects thereof, the following overt acts, among others, were committed by the defendants in the Western District of Missouri and elsewhere:

1. On or about June 9, 1975, the defendant Joseph Cammisano applied to the City of Kansas City, Missouri, for a liquor license to operate Uncle Joe's, a nightclub and bar to be located at 223 W. 3rd Street, Kansas City, Missouri, in the River Quay.

2. On or about July, 1975, the defendant Joseph Cammisano threatened Fred Harvey Bonadonna with physical violence unless Fred Harvey Bonadonna facilitated the approval of Uncle Joe's liquor license application.

3. On or about July, 1975, the defendants William Cammissano and Joseph Cammisano caused Fred Harvey Bonadonna to intercede with the Market Area Business Men's Association on behalf of the proposed liquor license for Uncle Joe's.

4. On or about July, 1975, the defendants William Cammisano and Joseph Cammisano caused Fred Harvey Bonadonna to intercede with the Kansas City, Missouri, City Councilman for the River Quay area, Robert Hernandez, on behalf of the proposed liquor license for Uncle Joe's.

5. On or about July, 1975, the defendants William Cammisano and Joseph Cammisano caused Fred Harvey Bonadonna to intercede with the Director of Liquor Control, W. Yates Webb, on behalf of the proposed liquor license for Uncle Joe's.

6. On or about August 1, 1975, the defendant Joseph Cammisano opened Uncle Joe's for business in the River Quay.

7. On or about September, 1975, the defendant William Cammisano threatened Fred Harvey Bonadonna with physical violence and death unless the defendant Joseph Cammisano was permitted to operate Uncle Joe's in any manner he wished in the River Quay, including the use of go-go dancers and prostitutes.

8. On or about April, 1976, the defendant William Cammisano ordered Fred Harvey Bonadonna to resign as Vice-President of the Market Area Business Men's Association and as President of the Red Quay Bar and Restaurant Association and to end all political activity and associations.

9. On or about May, 1976, the defendant Joseph Cammisano ordered Fred Harvey Bonadonna to give up his parking lot leases in the River Quay.

10. On or about May 20, 1976, the defendant Joseph Cammisano and others applied to the City of Kansas City, Missouri, for a liquor license to operate Il Pagliacci, a bar and restaurant to be located at 400 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Missouri, in the River Quay.

11. On or about June, 1976, the defendant William Cammisano directed Fred Harvey Bonadonna, through David Bonadonna, to use his good will and influence to gain approval of a liquor license for Il Pagliacci.

All in violation of Section 1951 of Title 18, United States Code.
A True Bill.

William Cammisano is now serving his 5-year sentence. Joe Cammisano is appealing his 5-year term of incarceration. The River Quay remains a burned out shell of the community it once was. In 1975, 72 business licenses were in effect for the area. Less than a dozen remain today.

Fred Bonadonna remains in hiding under the Witness Protection Program. Carl Civella, one of Kansas City's organized crime leaders, has been overheard by an undercover Special Agent of the FBI asserting that Fred Bonadonna's murder would be his (Civella's) monument after his death, and soliciting its commission. Prosecutions relating to hidden casino interests, racketeering-murder and bribery of prison officials are being developed against the leaders of the Civella organization to neutralize their ability to inflict reprisals on Bonadonna and others.

FIGURE 4.-Another view of River Quay taverns after blast on March 27, 1977. Chairman NUNN. Our first witness will be Mr. Mike DeFeo, attorney in charge of the Kansas City Strike Force, Kansas City, Mo. We are pleased to have you here this morning. We appreciate your cooperation with the subcommittee both now and in past years. You have an excellent reputation and we are pleased to hear your testi

mony.

STATEMENT OF MICHAEL DEFEO, ATTORNEY IN CHARGE, KANSAS CITY STRIKE FORCE, KANSAS CITY, MO.

Mr. DEFEO. Thank you, Senator. Mr. Chairman, members of the subcommittee, in the hearings this week there will be dramatic disclosures of the brutality, intimidation and violence practiced by organized crime in Kansas City.

These criminal practices have occurred despite the presence of a highly competent, well-respected police department, which achieved professional excellence under former Chief Clarence Kelley, and which has continued to build upon and enlarge that excellence under its present chief, Norman Caron. These same extortionate tactics and murders have also gone largely unpunished to date, despite the untiring efforts and immense dedication of the Kansas City, Mo., Police Department, the FBI and other agencies investigating them.

The question to which I will address myself today is how a community like Kansas City, which enjoys superior local law enforcement and strenuous efforts by Federal investigative and prosecutive agencies, can continue to be victimized by uncontrollable organized crime murders and violence.

The answer which I submit to the subcommittee is a historical one. Once a criminal organization, such as the one in Kansas City, learns during generations of corrupt government and ineffective law enforcement that it can threaten and kill with impunity, it will continue to do so.

An organized crime family's institutional memory of its successful use of violent tactics will dictate their repetition whenever the stakes seem worth the risk, and such tactics will not be deterred merely because community and law enforcement tolerance of such practices has disappeared.

We know through frustrating personal experience that investigation and prosecution of gang murders, extortions, and bombings are rarely successful because of organized crime's use of the principles of obstruction, insulation, gang discipline and intimidation.

Even when prosecutions are successful, as in the cases of William and Joseph Cammisano, which will be the subject of further testimony, we are only achieving symptomatic relief. To prevent the reoccurrence of such violent symptoms we must eliminate their cause, that is, the responsible criminal organization.

That treatment is inevitably gradual and time consuming. It requires the application of new generations of honest law-enforcement to eventually weaken and bring under control a criminal organization which had a hospitable environment in Kansas City for 50 years in which to establish itself, grow, and develop its own immunities and defenses.

In short, murders, bombings, and intimidation are the continuing, non-negotiable price which Kansas City must pay for its past civic corruption and encouragement of gangsterism.

It is generally recognized that Kansas City's problem stems from prohibition gangs. These gangs used their tactics of violence and extortion to monopolize the alcohol business. The leaders of the Kansas City gangs soon consolidated into what was known as the Sugar House Syndicate, the wealth from which founded several of our city's leading