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Another variety, named af runs thus (G.D. Yates 444):

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The resplendent Yamuna glides briskly among the youthful shepherdesses, reflecting the tremulous light of the moon's beams on the bright eyes of Krishna (Yates).

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The sweet nectar distilled from the beaming face of Mura's enemy, is like that which falls from the moon, and is imbibed by the beauteous happy youth of Vraja.

Another variety of Udgatā runs thus.

00- U-U UU- U

UUU 00- 0-0

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SJSG

NSJG

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अथवासवस्यवचनेन

रुचिरवदनस्त्रिलोचनं

क्लान्तिरहितमभिधारयितुं

विधिवत्तपांसिविदधेधनंजयः

Then Dhananjaya (Vulcan) at the command of Indra with a pleasing countenance performed the appointed austerities to secure the favour of the tireless three-eyed one." (Id. p. 385.)

Another variety, called Saurabhaca (ib. p. 386).

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O Hari! whose heart does not the astonishing sweet fragrance of thy lotos-lips enchant ? for it far excels the scent proceeding from hundreds of blooming lilies.

The eighth book of the Magha closes with this verse, which the commentator calls quâ an unknown metre.

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All this is one stanza, in four lines of unequal length marked 1, 2, 3, 4.

The divisions here marked a, c, e, are alike: the other lines are irregular. This metre does not appear in any work on prosody.

In the musical compositions, such as the Gītā Govinda, the laws of harmony supersede those of prosody; this very name instead of --U is accented at pleasure Govinda: and Krishna often becomes (U—an iambus) Krishnā. The well-known song, first printed by Sir William Jones in his Essay on the Musical Modes of the Hindus, beginning ललित लवङ्गलता परिशीलन को

A Hay and etc., sufficiently exemplifies this liberty.

E

Me ARVI. 846, & pible Palaces.

49

Sartyn darpana, tr. p-155

ON THE SANSKRIT SYMBOLS USED
FOR NUMERALS.

IN Sanskrit chronology, arithmetic, and explanations of the Prosody, numerals are often expressed by symbols: in words on the plan of a Memoria Technica. The cypher is expressed by sky, space, or any synonyme of those words. Any phrase for the moon, the earth, or the body, stands for one. The unit is usually named first. A date occurs, stated thus, “Rītu, naga, vārdhi, himāmsu; signifying the six seasons, the eight mountains, the four seas, and the moon: beginning from the unit the import is 1, 4, 8, 6. Again: «Sara, bāhu, Rāma, vasudha" represent, 5, 2, 3, 1; that is, the year of Salivahāna 1325. In an edition of the Rāmāyan the date is stated "Nayana, dharādha 'rshi nalina-vairi sankhya, Sādhāraṇanama sambat-sara," that is, "in the year titled Sadhāraṇa, having the number eyes, hills, sages, moon." This is 2771, and denotes SS. 1772, answering to A.D. 1850. Each sign of the zodiac being assigned a separate sun, any name of the sun denotes twelve. In one inscription "a pair of suns" denotes 1212. "Nētra, Surya, Chandra" (eyes, suns, moon) represent 2, 12, 1: that is, 1122, eleven hundred and twenty-two.

Occasionally numerals are mingled with symbols: thus: "Nav' ambara, dwi, himāmsu." Nine, sky, two, moon, that is (9, 0, 2, 1) 1209.

In most of the Sanskrit treatises on prosody such enigmatic names are used: thus in the Sardūla metre, the pauses fall on the syllables denoted by the number of "Mārtānḍas" (suns; viz. twelfth), and of the Munis (sages; viz. seven).* This method increases the difficulty, and is therefore popular. Having been much embarassed by these refinements, I think an explanation may be useful. The same system appears in volumes on Mathematicks and Astronomy. Thus in Dr. H. Kern's translations from Arya Bhatta,† a verse (in the Aryá metre) is cited:—

गुरुभगणा राशिगुणा आश्वयुजाद्या गुरोरब्दाः ॥

गुरुभगणानां संख्या जिनयम वेद हव्यभुजतुल्या ॥

"The revolutions of Jupiter, multiplied by the number of the signs (12) are the years of Jupiter, called Aṣwayuja, etc. : his revolutions are equal to the number of the Jinas (24) a couple (2) the Vedas (4) the seasons (6) the fires (3). (i.e. 364, 224).”

The method of decyphering this, is explained in the following pages.

Besides the names given by Mr. Prinsep, a set of Jyautisha phrases (marked J.) will also be noticed.

Each name has several synonyma: thus for Sea we may use Ocean, Neptune, etc.

The O, cipher, is called kha, ananta, ākāśam, ambara, vyoma, denoting space, sky, heaven, the endless (circle).

1. Any name of the moon, Adonis; as Chandra, Indu, etc. The earth, prithvi, bhū, ku. The body, tanu, etc. (J.) Vana. alone, solitary; rūpa, form, face.

2. Paksha, a wing; netra, eye; bāhu, arm; hasta, hand;

* See the Sruta Bodha, printed in the Journal Asiatique, Dec. 1854, by M. Ed. Lancereau, who has added a translation in French.

† In the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. xx. of 1863, p. 378.

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