I now would like to address specific major aspects of the FY 1972 programs for tactical and strategic forces and for the more fundamental efforts supported in the research and technology area.

A. Tactical Programs

The strategy of Realistic Deterrence calls for the deterrence of armed conflict at all levels. To attain this capability requires the augmentation of the R&D program on which we are embarked. To do that within the budget allocations reflecting our new national priorities will require considerable innovation in our approach. The cost of new weapons precludes simply matching the Soviet Union ship for ship, tank for tank, and airplane for airplane.

Our approach with respect to conventional forces is (1) to maintain a strong base of ongoing technology, to follow through with the major development programs already under way, (2) to work with our allies to identify means of increasing the extent to which our P&D programs can be made to complement each other, and (3) most important, to augment existing programs and initiate innovative new programs across all the key mission areas of tactical warfare in response to the Soviet threat. This overall approach will be described in more detail in the sections that follow, which cover ocean control, land warfare, and air warfare.

(1) Ocean Control: In recent years the Soviet Navy has expanded rapidly from one with its attention focused sharply on undersea warfare to one in which surface fleets are also emphasized to attain ocean control.

The Soviet Navy clearly is modern, powerful and growing.

In addition to those submarines equipped with tactical
missiles, the Soviets now have destroyers and light cruisers
carrying as their main offensive weapons long-range surface-
to-surface missiles with over-the-horizon capability. The U.S.
ships are not so equipped.

Soviet surface forces contain ships equipped with

surface-to-air area defense missiles.

A third element of Soviet sea power, in addition

Most

to submarines and high-sea ships, consists of patrol craft.
The Soviet Bloc has large numbers of such craft, of which
more than a third are equipped with antiship missiles.
of these ships carry the Styx missile, which is the type
that sank the Israeli destroyer Elath.

To provide the U.S. Navy with the capability for ocean
control in the 1970's, we are emphasizing programs in surveillance,
communications, and offensive, defensive and under surface systems.

To enable our commanders at sea to locate enemy forces, the ocean surveillance program is being accelerated in

FY 1972.

We have also budgeted to improve undersea surveillance.

The LAMPS ship-based helicopter system will give our ships an over-
the-horizon surveillance capability, and will provide targeting
information for the ship-launched antiship missiles. In addition,
the LAMPS will extend the ASW effectiveness of our ships. For work
on this system, $38.5 million has been included. The Navy's carrier-
based E-2C airborne surveillance and air control system, now
under development, will provide highly reliable early warning of
hostile aircraft and control of fleet interceptor aircraft. The
improved E-2C will provide a marked advance over the current E-
2A/B's air surveillance capability; FY 1972 program costs are $30.9

million.

Ocean control and, indeed, all of our forces require communications. We seek early deployment of a system that would provide communications for fleet broadcast, ASW aircraft command and control, and some flagship data circuits as an element of our initiative effort. Funds have been included for the development of satellites and terminals for such a communication system.

Previous satellite systems have demonstrated that they can provide quick-response, reliable communications. A defense program has evolved that is aimed at exploiting this capability for those communication needs that are not satisfied economically and reliably

by more traditional systems.

A new set of satellites, intended to replace the interim Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS), will be completed in FY 1971. These satellites have significantly more informationhandling capability than their predecessors and are equipped with a versatile set of antennas capable of serving fixed and mobile users dispersed over large areas of the earth. We intend to continue the intensive development of new, reliable terminals, including antijamming equipment, in order to exploit the full potential of this new system. Funds are budgeted for this purpose.

In the past, communication beyond line of sight for mobile users has been accomplished primarily by high-frequency (HF) radio. These communication systems are unreliable and subject to severe degradation in a nuclear environment. Because of their limited size, these mobile users cannot support the large terminals that would efficiently use the DSCs. We therefore plan to initiate the development of a satellite communication system operating in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) band, which will allow terminals to use much smaller antennas. This system should also allow

us to retire much of our HF radio equipment. The total sum budgeted is for the Navy and the Air Force portions of the program.

Military operations require that the commanders know the position and movement of their forces. Such requirements are now met by various methods, including the Loran and Omega radio systems, inertial guidance equipment, navigational on-board radar, and the Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit).