Thomas de Butyl (or Butill) in 1388 Provost of the Chapel of St. Mary, Maybole (Calendar of Papal Registers: Petitions, i. 570). In 1390 he is still holding the same office (ibid. p. 574), but we find him petitioning in that year for the archdeaconry of Whitherne (ibid. p. 575). In 1412 we find Thomas de Butyl, Doctor of Canon Law and Papal Auditor, archdeacon of Whiteherne and chaplain of St. Mary's, Maybole (ibid. p. 595). In 1413 he is described as archdeacon of Whiteherne and papal chaplain and auditor, and for him Benedict XIII. (Anti-Pope) reserves 'the church of Abernith' in the diocese of Dunkeld (ibid. p. 599). In 1415 Benedict XIII. provides him to the church of Kinkel (valued, with its chapels, at £100), in the diocese of Aberdeen, and also to the canonry and prebend of 'Inverkethny,' in Moray (ibid. p. 602). Later in the same year he is promoted to the see of Candida Casa. It would thus appear that this instrument should probably be dated some time between 1412 and 1415. But we find remaining in the мs. just enough of the date to establish that the Instrument was drawn up in the 'Seventh Indiction.' This practically fixes the year as 1414.1

Among the other names occurring in the fragment are Richard Cady, Robert de Dryden, and John Scheves. Ecclesiastics bearing these names are found among the many Scottish petitioners to the Pope about this time. John Scheves, of the Instrument (if we may venture to identify him with the petitioner), rector of the University of St. Andrews and official, petitioned Benedict XIII., in 1418, for the archdeaconry of Teviotdale, and his petition was granted (Calendar of Papal Registers: Petitions, i. 609). In 1394 there was one Robert de Dryden, a priest in the diocese of Glasgow (ibid. p. 617). Richard Cady, priest of the diocese of Dunkeld, was a petitioner in 1409 (ibid. p. 594); again in 1411 (p. 597); and again (now a Bachelor in Common Law) in 1417 (p. 606).

1 The year 1399 was also the 'Seventh Indiction'; but Butyll does not appear as holding an office in the 'sacred palace' till 1412.

APPENDIX I

THE following charter, which in the opinion of the editor is the earliest known writ connected with Lindores, is among the Campbell Charters (xxx. 16) preserved in the British Museum. A fragment of the seal remains attached. The transcript was made by Dr. J. Maitland Thomson, Curator of the Historical Department in H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh, and supplied for this volume.

'Nouerint omnes presentes et futuri quod ego O. abbas et conuentus ecclesie Kelchoensis quietum clamauimus ab omnimoda subiectione et obedientia dompnum Guidonem electum in abbatem ecclesie Sancti Andree de Lundores nec propter hoc quod monachos nostros illi ad edificandum locum illum accommodauimus aliquam potestatem aliquo tempore aliquis abbas de Kelchou habeat super domum vel super abbatem predicte ecclesie Sancti Andree de Lundores nec abbas de Kelchou maiorem potestatem habeat in abbatem vel in predictam ecclesiam Sancti Andree de Lundores quam abbas Sancti Andree de Lundores in abbatem vel in ecclesiam de Kelchou Igitur sola caritas familiaritas et orationes uigeant et ineternum permaneant inter predictas domos et earum personas nulla uero dominatio vel potestas salvo ordine et habitu nostro. Hiis testibus. Willelmo rege Scotie comite Dauid fratre regis Scotie qui predictam ecclesiam fundauit Rogero electo Sancti Andree Jocelino episcopo Glasguensi Matheo episcopo Aberdonensi J. episcopo de Dunkeld' Hugone archidiacono de Sancto Andrea et cancellario domini regis Dunecano comite de Fife comite Patricio · G. comite de Stradhern Serlone de Quinti Roberto de Lundres filio regis Malcholmo filio comitis Dunekani Alano dapifero · Willelmo de Lindesya · Waltero de Berchelay. Willelmo Cumino. Willelmo Giffard Walkelino filio Stephani Malcholmo filio Bertoldi Nicholao de Adles Willelmo Wascelin Barcholomeo monacho Henrico filio comitis et Roberto Basset cum multis aliis.'

.

(Abstract)

Let all present and to come know that I, O[sbert], abbot, and the convent of the church of Kelso have quitclaimed from subjection and obedience of every kind Sir Guido, elected to be abbot of the church of St. Andrews of Lindores. Nor shall any abbot of Kelso have at any time any power over the house or over the abbot of the aforesaid church of St. Andrew of Lindores by reason of our having lent our monks to him for the building of that place. Nor shall the abbot of Kelso have greater power over the abbot or over the aforesaid church of St. Andrew of Lindores than the abbot of St. Andrew of Lindores has over the abbot or over the church of Kelso. Therefore may love only, friendship, and prayers flourish and remain for ever between the aforesaid houses and those having authority in them [earum personas; but, possibly, personae is here used in a non-technical sense, meaning simply 'their members'] but no lordship or power, saving our order and habit. These being witnesses

...

The charter printed above is probably the earliest writ extant relating to the monastery of Lindores. It exempts from the jurisdiction of the abbot of Kelso Guido 'electum in abbatem ecclesie Sancti Andree de Lundores.' The form of expression suggests that it was written when Guido was only elect,' that is, when he had not yet received the benediction to his office.1 This, as well as the general character of the contents, points to a date earlier than the first dated document, the bull of Celestine ш., of 8th March 1195, which is addressed to the 'abbot and convent.' As is well known, Roger de Beaumont, one of the witnesses, was for many years 'elect of St. Andrews' before his consecration. He was elected 13th April 1189 (Chron. de Mailr. s.a.), and not consecrated till 15th February 1198 (ibid. s.a.). In the present charter he appears as 'elect of St. Andrews,' so that a pretty wide margin is allowed for the dating of the document; nor is it limited by the histories of the other witnesses.

But we find Guido as 'abbot' at least as early as 1194 (see Appendix Iv.), so I would place this charter before that date, and perhaps it may be as early as 1191.

1 But one has to acknowledge that in the case of the quitclaim (in like language) by John, abbot of Kelso, of the subjection of Reginald, elected abbot of Arbroath, Matthew, bishop of Aberdeen, one of the witnesses, has added to his name 'qui prenominatum Reginaldum vacante ecclesia Sancti Andree . . . in abbatem benedixit.'-Regist. de Aberbroth., vol. i. p. 8.

APPENDIX II

DESCRIPTION OF THE MS. BY J. MAITLAND THOMSON,

LL.D., CURATOR OF THE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT OF H.M.
GENERAL REGISter House.

The Register consists of (1) five gatherings containing respectively, 6, 3, 6, 8, and 3 leaves, in all 26 leaves; (2) five gatherings of 12 leaves each, in all 60 leaves. The whole is paged continuously according to its present arrangement, from fol. 3 to 87—one leaf between fols. 81 and 82 having been overlooked in paging.

The second of the two sections clearly ought to precede the other, and does so in the print. The greater part of it (fols. 29 to 74 verso, except 64 and part of 63 verso-comprising rather more than half of the whole Register) is in one handwriting, assigned by Dr. Dickson to about A.D. 1260. Each charter has an initial letter in red or blue, the illuminator having begun with making them red on one side of the leaf and blue on the other, and afterwards preferred to make them red and blue alternately: but neither rule is strictly adhered to, and several initials have not been filled in at all. There are contemporary rubrics to each charter up to fol. 58, and again fols. 65 to 73. Each page contains 25 lines.

Fol. 74 verso, and up to fol. 78, are written by a different scribe, contemporary with the first, or not much later. Here there are no coloured initials, and the titles are in black; but every important word has its initial touched with red. The usual number of lines to the page is 26.

The contents of fol. 63 verso, 64, 78 to the end, and 4 to 17 inclusive, seem all to have been engrossed in the first half of the fourteenth century; but there is a great variety of handwriting, and no uniformity of style. The number of lines to the page varies from 16 to over 40. Rubrics and coloured initials occur fols. 8 to 10 only. Five leaves have been cut away between fols. 8 and 9, but they probably did not form part of the Registerfol. 8 ends with a rubric descriptive of the charter which begins on fol. 9. The three gatherings which now begin the Register seem to have originally followed the gathering which now closes the Register. They are analogous to the contents of fols. 78 to

87, and in some cases the handwriting may be identified-compare especially fol. 81 ff. with fol. 12 ff. The latest, but not the last engrossed, charter in this section belongs to the year 1342. On fol. 17 verso a charter ends abruptly, and something may have been lost.

The two gatherings which form fols. 18 to 28 are later. Fols. 18 to 24 are in an early fifteenth century hand; fols. 25 to 27 are in different hands of the end of the same century. Fol. 27 is written by the same scribe who supplied titles missed by the rubricator in the earlier portions of the Register, and added sundry notes. Three leaves are cut away between fols. 25 and 26, but there is no lacuna.

I think that what has been described is all that the Register contained when arranged, bound and paged as at present. It will be seen that the pagination begins with fol. 4-three blank leaves may have been left at the beginning for supplementary matter, one of which was filled up by a sixteenth century scribe with the instrument which, in the edition, concludes the Register. The other two may have been removed. There is a fly-leaf, cut out of an instrument not relating to Lindores which, from what remains of it, must belong to either 1399 or 1414; the proof being (1) that it is of the seventh indiction; (2) that Thomas de Butill is named as archdeacon of Galloway, a benefice to which he was provided in 1391, and which he held till 1415.

APPENDIX III

A CLUE-CATALOGUE OF SOME CHARTERS AND OTHER WRITS, RELATING TO LINDORES, NOT FOUND IN THE CHARTULARY.

The documents indicated below concern the abbey, its rights, privileges, and property, down to the time of the Reformation. No note is taken of the later history of the abbey lands. The contents of the documents referred to are given only in a summary way for details the student must examine the sources.

Many of the documents are to be found in the little Ms. volume in the Advocates' Library, lettered on the back Liber S. Marie de Lundoris. These have been printed by Mr. Turnbull for the Abbotsford Club, who has added an appendix of other writs