Dundee with regard to the repair of the choir of the parish church (Regist. Brechin. pp. 90-95). He appears again on 28th June 1445 (ibid. p. 103). This is the abbot for whose soul his nephew, Thomas Rossy, founded an anniversary in the abbey (No. CLI.). His seal is reproduced and described by Mr. Macdonald, Appendix vii.

16. John (Iv.) was the next abbot. If we count Stele, this John must be numbered John (v.). On 24th May 1457 he granted new charters to the burgesses of Newburgh (No. CLII.). Other charters of his, of the same year, will be found in Lib. S. Marie de Lundoris, pp. 1-8, 23. He is a witness in 1466 (Regist. Brechin. i. 193). On May 24th, 1474, John increases the allowance to monks of the abbey being in priest's orders, for their habits and ornatus, from 2lbs. to 4lbs. per annum (Lib. S. Marie de Lundoris, pp. 23-4).

17. Andrew Cavers succeeded in 1475. On 26th June in that year he paid to the officials of the Roman Curia 187 gold florins and 25 shillings (Brady, Episcopal Succession, i. 197). Charters of abbot Andrew in 1476 and 1479 will be found in the Liber S. Marie de Lundoris (pp. 19-22). In 1485 we find Andrew witnessing the marriage-contract of William, Earl of Erroll, and Elizabeth Leslie, daughter of the Earl of Rothes (Antiquities of Aberdeen and Banff, iii. 138). He resigned before 12th June 1502 (see below), and after 27th March (Regist. Mag. Sig. ii. 559). He had been one of the monks of Lindores (Ib. ii. 257).

18. About 1484 James, ninth Earl of Douglas, and sixth Duke of Turenne, was compulsorily secluded in the abbey of Lindores, where he spent the remainder of his days, and died 15th April 1488. With him terminated the earlier branch of the noble house of Douglas.

19. Henry Orme was provided to the abbacy by the Pope on 12th June 1502, the vacancy being caused by the resignation of Andrew Cavers (Brady, Episcopal Succession, i. 197). We find Cavers alive, and styled Pensionary of Lindores,' at least as late as 1508.

During the incumbency of Orme all the possessions of the abbey in Scotland were erected by James Iv. into a Regality (7th Nov. 1510). And this grant was confirmed by James v. in Parliament, 5th April 1514 (Regist. Mag. Sig. iii. No. 12).

In the previous

The tenure of Orme's office extended to 1523. year (9th March 1521-2) John, Duke of Albany, Governor of

Scotland, wrote to Pope Adrian vi., stating that Henry, abbot of Lindores, who had much enlarged the buildings of the abbey, was now oppressed by the infirmities of old age, and felt himself unable to cope with the greed of courtiers, and so had chosen John Philp, a professed monk of the house, being in priest's orders, to whom he desired to resign the abbacy. The petition of Orme, supported by the entreaties of the duke, was that the Pope would accept Orme's resignation and appoint Philp, reserving to the former the revenues for his life, together with the right of regressus, that is, of resuming the abbacy in the event of Philp dying or resigning. The duke urges this course, as it had been the practice of abbots of Lindores to resign in their old age, and so the monastery had not suffered from incapable rulers (Epist. Regist. Scot. i. 330-332).

A favourable return is made to the request on 24th July 1523. The revenues and regressus, together with the presentation to benefices, are reserved to Henry during his life. The revenues are recorded as 1000 florins; and the 'taxa' is 333 florins (Brady, Episcopal Succession, i. 197).

20. On 6th June 1516, it was passed under the Great Seal that a lapse of patronage to a chaplainry at the altar of SS. John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the new aisle of Largo Church should go first to the provost and two great canons of St. Salvator's College, whom failing to the abbot and convent of Lindores (Reg. Mag. Sig. iii. 78). And in the same year Henry, the abbot, and the convent granted a tack of the lands of 'Benee and Catkin' for nineteen years to Sir John Stirling of Keir (15th Sept. 1516) for 'twolfe pundis wsuale monee of Scotland' per an. (Stirlings of Keir, p. 309). In 1521 (23rd May) an agreement was made between abbot Henry and Gavin Dunbar, Bishop of Aberdeen, and subscribed by both parties at Aberdeen 'anent the debatable lands betwix Rothmais and Tulymorgond and the peit moss callit off Malyngsyd and Bonytoune of Rayne' (Regist. Aberdon. i. 386). Compare Malind' in Earl David's Great Charter, p. 3.

Orme survived the appointment of his co-adjutor for more than four years, at least; for we find 'Henry, abbot of Lindores,' present and assenting to the judgment upon Patrick Hamilton, 'abbot or pensionary of Ferne,' on the last day of February

He is unable to rest satisfied nisi eundem religionis locum a secularium Curialium aucupatu securiorem reddat.'

1527-8.

John Philp, or Philips (he appears as 'Joannes Philippi,' in the papal deed of provision), is found granting to Sir John Stirling of Keir a renewal of the tack of the lands of Beny and Caitkin,' with the teind-sheaves of the same, and appointing him the bailie of the abbey for the lands of Estir and Wester Feddallis, on 5th October 1532 (The Stirlings of Keir, pp. 346-349), and making a grant to another of the fee-ferme of abbey lands in Mernes, on 16th March 1537 (see the confirmation in Reg. Mag. Sig. iii. 2636). Certain lands, multures, etc., in the neighbourhood of the abbey were confirmed to Patrick Balfour, heir of John Balfour, of Dene-myle, in 1541 (29th Sept., ibid. 2460). While a little earlier we have the confirmation of the lease of lands in the neighbourhood of Dundee to David Wedderburne, burgess of that town (ibid. 1913; confirmation, 10th Feb. 1538). John (v.) Philp, abbot of Lindores, was one of the large assemblage of ecclesiastics at St. Andrews, who on 28th May 1540, condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. He appears frequently in Parliament, and was one of the Lords of the Articles in 1544.

The tack of lands granted to Sir J. Stirling (referred to above) is subscribed by the whole chapter of the monastery; and from it we learn that the monks numbered at this time twenty-five beside the abbot.

During the tenure of office by Philp, the wave of popular feeling hostile to the Church was rising and gaining volume. It is remarkable that Lindores was the first of the ancient abbeys of Scotland to suffer from the violence of the mob. In the autumn of 1543 the populace of Dundee rose, and, after destroying the houses of the Black and Grey Friars in that town, made their way to Lindores, sacked the monastery, and turned out the monks. The immediate cause of this outburst is very obscure; but the selection of Lindores rather than the somewhat nearer monastery of Balmerino for the display of the popular animosity, may perhaps be accounted for by differences between the abbey and the burgesses with respect to their parish church of St. Mary.

21. The monks probably soon resumed life in their old home. It was a common saying among men of the reforming party that 'the rooks would return unless the rookery was pulled down.' At any rate the monks were in possession when in June 1559 the forces of the Congregation, fired by the invective of John Knox

preaching at St. Andrews, marched upon Lindores. Knox, writing a few days later than the scene he describes, says, 'The abbey of Lindores, a place distant from St. Andrews twelve myles, we reformed; their altars overthrew we; their idols, vestments of idolatrie, and mass-books we burnt in their presence, and commanded them to cast away their monkish habits.'

On 24th February 1566, Pope Pius v. granted the petition of 'John, abbot of the monastery of Lindores,' resigning in favour of John Leslie, clerk of the diocese of Moray, a Doctor of both Laws, one of the Council in Scotland.' This was the well-known John Leslie, afterwards (22nd April 1575) provided to the see of Ross, with a dispensation super defectu natalium (Brady, Episcopal Succession, i. 147).

The documents from the charter-chests of Leslie of Balquhain, communicated to Bishop Keith by the antiquary Macfarlane, and printed by the bishop in his Catalogue (pp. 198-200, Russel's edition), sufficiently explain the need of the dispensation referred to, and show that Knox, if he was coarse and offensive in his language, was not incorrect in styling Leslie 'preastis gett' (Works, i. 236).

22. We know little of Leslie's administration of the abbey. Mr. David Laing shows that in June 1557 he obtained a royal mandate, and took an active part in regard to the confirmation of various feu-farms of lands pertaining to the abbey of Lindores (Works of John Knox, ii. 601). Mr. Alexander Laing adds that John Leslie of New Leslie, son of Andrew Leslie and Janet Leslie (natural) daughter of the bishop, was served heir to his father in certain lands in Aberdeenshire which formerly were the property of the abbey of Lindores (Abbey of Lindores, p. 129).

According to Macfarlane (Genealogical Collections, ii. 4), John Leslie left three daughters, whose marriages he records.

Leslie was the last ecclesiastic of the old faith who held the dignity of abbot of Lindores, and with him this sketch appropriately closes.

APPENDIX V

THE LEGAL AUTHORITIES CITED IN THE OPINIONS,'

CXLIX., CL.

I.

P. 203, l. 5. 'nota Hostien. in summa, de feu. c° ultimo v. set numquid tenebitur.'

The reference is to the Summa Aurea of Henry de Bartholomæis, or (from his birthplace) de Suze (Henricus de Segusio), Cardinal (1261 or 1262) of Ostia (Hostiensis). He died at Lyons, 6th November 1271.

The passage referred to above is in liber iii. of the Summa, rubric De Feudis, the last chapter, the verse beginning, 'sed nunquid tenebitur' (edit. Lugduni, 1548, folio 155, verso).

P. 203, l. 14. nam in li. feuorum ti. si de feu. defunct.† fuerit c. si quis coll. x. dicitur si quis,' etc.

Through an error in transcription the words 'militis contentio' (which appear in a contracted form in the Lindores Ms.) have been omitted from the Latin text, the discovery being made too late to allow of doing more than inserting a dagger†, which it is hoped will call attention to this correction. The reference is to Consuetudines Feudorum, lib. ii. tit. xxvj. § 4, where we find (almost verbatim) the words of the мs.

P. 203, 1. 18. Si enim prescriptus †'

The text here has been read with difficulty, and there is much doubt whether it is rightly represented in the print. At any rate it is obviously corrupt.

P. 203, l. 19. C. de episcopis et cleris li. 1.'

I have not identified this reference. Perhaps it is to the Codex of Justinian, lib. i. tit. iii., De episcopis et clericis,' etc. The passage of this title that seems most clearly to illustrate the text is the last section of cap. 38, taken from the Novels (Collat. ix. tit. vi. cap. 17).

P. 203, 1. 20. in libro feudorum de feu. dato,' etc.

Consuetudines Feudorum, lib. i. tit. xxvij., 'De Feudo dato in vicem legis commissoriae reprobando.' The chapter 'Quidam