Robert with deformed hands, and other noble persons in the diocese of Llandaff, health and apostolical benediction. The complaint of your mother, the Church of Llandaff, has come to us, because it is plundered of its property by you, and reduced to almost nothing. Wherefore we, condoling with due affection, have sent these letters to you, admonishing and commanding that you restore without delay the lands, tithes, oblations, sepultures, and other property, which you have wickedly taken away and detained

from the said church, and from other churches of the diocese. For it is unjust that sons should tear their mother in pieces, and steal the property of her whom they ought particularly to defend and assist with their own substance. Indeed if ye will obey my admonition, and take care to assist your said mother, ye shall obtain the favour of Almighty God, and of St. Peter, and our own. Otherwise, we, under the authority of God, will confirm against you, as contemners and persons guilty of sacrilege, the sentence which our venerable brother Urban, your Bishop, has with canonical justice promulgated.-Given at Soissons, Oct. 16, 1119.

8.-BULL OF POPE CALIXTUS II. ADDRESSED TO THE CLERGY, AND OTHERS, OF THE DIOCESE OF LLANDAFF.

Calixtus, Bishop, a servant of the servants of God, to our beloved sons, clergy, monks, and laity, established in the diocese of the Church of Llandaff, health and apostolical benediction. We kindly received our venerable brother Urban, your Bishop, who came to us, and hearing the oppression of your church, had compassion on it with due affection. For he informed us that your mother, the Church of Llandaff, has suffered so much from the invasions and robberies of certain monks, clergy, and laity,

that the Bishop can scarcely remain in it. Which, indeed is to us a grievous thing, and proves the danger of your souls. We therefore, visiting your community by these letters, do admonish and command that ye love our said brother with due affection, and that ye bestow on him, as your father and pastor, proper reverence and obedience. Moreover, manfully endeavour, as good sons, to assist your mother, the church committed to him, according to the ability granted to you by the Lord; and that ye also may, by paying what is due to other churches of the diocese of Llandaff, contribute to their rebuilding and restoration. For by so doing, ye shall obtain the grace and blessing of Almighty God, and the remission of your sins.-Given at Soissons, Oct. 16, 1119.

9.-POPE CALIXTUS II. IN THE COUNCIL OF RHEIMS.1

What things are established by the decrees of the holy fathers respecting simoniacal wickedness, we confirm by the judgment of the Holy Spirit, and the authority of the apostolical see.

I. If, therefore, any one shall sell or buy, either by himself, or by any person employed by him, a bishopric, abbacy, deanery, presbytership, archdeaconry, presidentship, prebend, altars, promotions, ordinations, consecrations, dedication of churches, clerical tonsure, seats in the choir, or any ecclesiastical benefices, and selling and buying taking place, both the buyer and seller will be subject to the danger of being deprived of his dignity, office, and benefice. And unless he renounce the proceeding, being de

1 An account of the holding of this Council is given in the 3rd section of this Chapter.

clared accursed by the church of God, which he had injured, he will in every respect be cut off from it.

II. We altogether prohibit investitures of bishoprics and abbacies, to be performed by laical hands. Whoever therefore of the laity shall hereafter presume to invest, may he be subject to the punishment of being cursed. Likewise, he who shall have been invested, may he be deprived in every respect of the honour wherewith he was invested, without any hope of recovery.

III. We decree that all possessions of churches, which through the liberality of Kings, the bounty of Princes, or the oblation of the faithful whatsoever, are granted to them, shall remain sacrificed and undisturbed for ever. But if any person shall take away, invade, or by means of tyrannical power detain them, may he be excommunicated according to the sentence of St. Simachus.

IV. No bishop, no priest, no clergyman whatever shall leave ecclesiastical dignities or benefices to any one, as if by hereditary right; and we also command that for the receiving of baptism, chrism, holy oil, and holy sepulture, and the visitation of the sick, no sum at all shall be required.

V. We altogether forbid the having of wives and concubines by priests, deacons, and subdeacons. Should any of this kind be found, let their offices and benefices be taken away from them, and indeed if they will not then correct their uncleanness, let them be deprived of Christian communion.

CHAPTER XII.'

AGREEMENT MADE BETWEEN URBAN, BISHOP OF LLANDAFF, AND ROBERT EARL OF GLOUCESTER-SEVERAL BULLS OR EDICTS OF POPE HONORIUS II. RELATING TO THE CHURCH OF LLANDAFF, ADDRESSED TO URBAN, BISHOP OF LLANDAFF, WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, HENRY, I. KING OF ENGLAND, AND VARIOUS OTHER PERSONS.

1.-AGREEMENT BETWEEN BISHOP URBAN AND EARL

ROBERT.2

In the year from the incarnation of our Lord, one thousand one hundred and twenty-six, this Agreement was made between Urban, Bishop of Llandaff, and Robert, Earl of Gloucester, respecting all the complaints which the said Bishop had against the aforesaid Earl and his men in Wales, and concerning those lands which they did not acknowledge that they had taken from the Bishop. The said Earl grants to the Bishop one mill, in which William of Cardiff was miller, and the land belonging to the said mill, and one fishery in Eley across the river, and one hundred acres of arable land, between the Taff and Eley, beyond to

1 The subject-matter of this Chapter commences in the original Latin in the 27th page of this Book, and has reference to particulars which took place when Urban was Bishop of Llandaff, and Honorius II. held the Papal See.

2 Robert, Earl of Gloucester, was one of the natural sons of King Henry I. His mother was Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr. He married Maud, by some called Mabell, the eldest of the four daughters and heiresses of Robert Fitzhamon, by means whereof he succeeded to the honour of Gloucester, and other property; and he was by his father created Earl of Gloucester.-Dugdale's Baronage, I. p. 534.

the meadow, and so that the head of the said hundred acres may begin by the demesne land of the said Bishop, and continue extended with it in length; and common pasturage with the Earl's people, and in the woods of the Earl, except Kybor,' and materials for the need of the Church of Llandaff, and its Bishop, and clergy, and all men of the fee of the church; the Welshmen belonging to the Bishop to have the privilege of feeding and pasturage, with the Welshmen belonging to the Earl, and the Normans and English that belong to the Bishop, with those which belong to the Earl, except at Kybor; and the chapel of Istuntaf, and the tithe of the said village, and the land which the Earl gives to the said chapel, where a clergyman there resident may, by means of the tithe, be maintained. Therefore, the parishioners on Christmas day, Easter, and Whitsunday, may visit the mother Church of Llandaff, and the bodies of those who die in the said village, may be taken to be buried to the said mother church.

And for the aforesaid things, which the Earl gives and grants to the Bishop, the said Bishop remits to the Earl, and declares him to be free from the complaints which he had against him and his men, with respect to all the lands which they claimed to be the fee of the Earl. And if any one of the Earl's men, in health or otherwise, will of of his own accord acknowledge that he holds the land of the church, and that he is willing to restore it to the church, and to the Bishop, and does it before the Earl, or before his viscount, or the lord of Cardiff, the Earl grants that he shall restore the said land to the church and to

1 Kybor, the name of one of the present hundreds of the county of Glamorgan, and in which Llandaff is situated.