burial in Audley, South Audley, or Grosvenor Chapel, on December 18, 1757, of Colley Cibber, Esq. (aged eighty-seven years), of Berkeley Square, is duly recorded (p. 343) in the burial register and sexton's book of the parish of St. George, Hanover Square, co. Middlesex. DANIEL HIPWELL. PICNIC (8th S. v. 189, 218, 412).—The following extract from Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities' may prove illustrative of the extreme antiquity of this custom : EGG SERVICE (8th S. v. 429).-There can be hardly a doubt as to the nature of this. It is no 66 ancient custom ,, of any kind whatever, but merely one of the numerous modern devices for obtaining funds for any object, whether in money or kind. I am loth to appear to speak harshly, but their principle is wrong from beginning to end. Broadly speaking, it is that of giving in one shape or other a quid pro quo, which leads to action clean contrary to the Scriptural command to do good and lend hoping for nothing again. Of course this is less prominent with flower services and Epavo were clubs or societies established for egg services"; but how many donors give for charitable or convivial purposes, or for both. They were notoriety, with no thought of the object? With very common at Athens, and suited the temper of the bazaars, &c., it is undisguised. When I lived at people, who were both social and generous. The term Kenwyn and watched the building of Truro Cathe-pavos, in the sense of a convivial party, is of ancient dral, I was hardly ever more grieved than at the great the German pikeniks, and was also called dεîπvov ånd date (Homer, 'Od.,' i. 226). It resembled our picnics, or bazaar got up for the purpose. I nearly attempted ovρidos, oг áπò ovμßoλwv, where every guest brought a public remonstrance, but was dissuaded. his own dish, or (to save trouble) one was deputed to C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. cater for the rest, and was afterwards repaid by contributions," &c. Longford, Coventry. Quite recently a service like that reported in the Church Times of April 20 took place at Naburn, near York. The offerings were afterwards sent to a charitable institution in the city; and it was hoped that the children who brought them learned a lesson as to the duty of giving and experienced the pleasure involved in it. ST. SWITHIN. For on DISESTABLISHMENT (8th S. v. 407).-The doctrine would hardly have suited the Convenanters. The Poultry gentlemen probably drew their inspiration from a very congenial source. Oct. 30, 1789, that very "righteous person, Mirabeau, said in the National Assembly, "Every nation is the sole and true proprietor of the property of its clergy." Certainly, he modified this general principle, by allowing that the maintenance of public worship was a first charge upon the property; but the decree of Nov. 2, which embodied his resolution, stated the same assumption, that Church property was at the disposal of the nation." Hence came the assignats, and much financial trouble. (See Jervis's Gallican Church and the Revolution,' pp. 38, 53.) Hastings. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. LINES IN A CEMETERY (8th S. v. 306, 412).-MR. HUSSEY can hardly think that any general answer can be given to his query on the authorship of country epitaphs. Of course the author might be the clerk or the parson; or some other local poet or poetaster; or the friends of the deceased; or "the corpse himself. But as a general rule it is safe to say that the friends either composed them or procured their composition. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Longford, Coventry. THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF COLLEY CIBBER (7th S. i. 307, 413, 513; ii. 35, 94, 152).-The The initials C. R. K. are appended, indicating It may amuse some of your readers to learn that MACBRIDE (8th S. v. 468).-A letter was printed in the Ballymoney Free Press, Feb. 6, 1868, which gave an account of three generations of this family, but only mentioned two sons of Robert Macbride. There was, however, also a daughter, Mary Anne, who died unmarried. Of the sons, David, M.D., married Mrs. Darcus Cummin, widow, and died without issue, 1778. His widow died 1790. The other son, John, Admiral of the Blue, was twice married, with issue by his first wife one daughter, Charlotte Anne; and by his second wife, one son, John David, D.C.L., and one daughter, Mary Anne Dorothy, who died unmarried, April 13, 1855. John David Macbride left an only child, Frances, who died unmarried, 1878. A. T. M. of London was from early ages used as a prison, TOWER OF LONDON (8th S. v. 468).—The Tower especially for state delinquents, and in many of the cells the memorials of suffering are still presented Tower during the present century were Sir Francis on their walls. The only persons confined in the Burdett, Bart., by order of the House of Commons, on April 6, 1810; Watson, Preston, Hooper, and Keens, by warrant of the Privy Council, on charges of high treason; and, April 28, Arthur Thistle wood, for the like offence; and lastly, on March 3, 1820, Thistlewood, Ings, Harrison, Davidson, Wilson, Brunt, Tidd, and Monument, by warrant of the Secretary of State, for high treason. These persons were the Cato Street conspirators. Very good accounts of both occurrences appear in All the Year Round, under the heading of 'Old Stories Retold,' first series, xvii. 230 and xvi. 415 respectively. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. 66 the Hepworth Dixon's ' Her Majesty's Tower' states that the Cato Street party, in 1820, were last of our state prisoners from the Tower." EDWARD H. Marshall, M.A. It may be that a man accused of "participating in some rebellion in Canada (doubtless that of the Sons of Liberty, 1837)" was confined in the Tower of London; but I have always understood-though I write quite as much for information as on the chance of being corrected-that the last man sent to the Tower was Sir Francis Burdett, father of Lady Burdett-Coutts. H. DE B. H. "THIRTY DAYS HATH SEPTEMBER" (8th S. iii. 245, 475; iv. 77; v. 337, 373, 458).—It may be of interest to note that at the well-known school of the Society of Friends at Ackworth the pupils were taught the number of days in each month thus: Days twenty-eight in second month appear; And one day more is added each leap year: The fourth, eleventh, ninth, and sixth months run To thirty days; the rest have thirty-one. This, I am informed by an old pupil of the school, was many years ago; and in Tables of Weights, Measures,' &c., compiled for the use of that institution, fourteenth edition, 1885, these lines are given, from which it would appear they are still taught there. W. W. DAVIES. Glenmore, Lisburn, co. Antrim, BREAKING ON THE WHEEL (8th S. ii. 367, 489; iii. 98; iv. 412).—I shall be obliged to O. if he will kindly furnish me with an account of this mode of punishment, as the book mentioned by him at the last reference is not to be had here. Fort, Bombay. D. D. GILDER. ARTIFICIAL EYES (8th S. v. 187, 236, 379).The artificial eyes proposed by Ambroise Paré were thin curved plates of gold, painted and enamelled to match the sound eye. Glass eyes seem to have been of more recent origin, and I should like to know by whom they were invented. Paré's suggestion first appeared in his 'Méthode Curative des Playes de la Teste Humaine,' fol. 226 (Paris, 1561), where he gives four illustrations showing the back and front of a right and left eye. Some further particulars are given in Malgaigne's Euvres complètes d'Ambroise Paré,' vol. ii. p. 603 (Paris, 1840), from which it appears that BEANS (8th S. v. 409, 494). The advice of Pythagoras to his disciples, to abstain from beans, was probably, like our Lord's warning to beware of the leaven of the Scribes and Pharisees, a parabolic injunction to keep clear of politics, voting being conducted by beans put into an urn. ISAAC TAYLOR. are used in the funeral banquets of the Parentalia," Dr. Ingram, in his 'Memorials,' has at "St. Edmund's Hall," p. 9: "The first stone of the chapel was laid April 19, 1680, and it was consecrated under the name of St. Edmund by Bishop Fell, April 7, 1682." ED. MARSHALL. According to Wood's 'History of the Colleges and Halls of Oxford' (edited by John Gutch, 1786-90), it was called by this name because it belonged originally to a man named Edmund. He says (p. 660): "The next Hall......to be mentioned is Edmund Hall, opposite to Queen's College, in the Parish of St. Peter's in the East. The reason of whose name all writers have hitherto attributed to St. Edmund, who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Henry III., as if he, while a student in Oxford, had made it from a messuage to be a place of learning, or that he had read to his scholars therein; but all, whosoever they have been, that have spoken concerning that matter have erred; for from ordinary tenement, and that it was posseset by one Edrecord it appears, that it was anciently no more than an mund, an inhabitant or Burgher of Oxford, in the beginning of Henry III., and after his death by his son Ralph." Ralph, it appears, sold it to Sir Brian de Bermingham, who parted with it to Thomas de Malmsbury. He, in turn, about six "C later years gave it to the Canons of Ósney, an. 1269" for a mark a year as long as he lived, and 88. yearly to "Elizabeth, the daughter of Adam de Oclee." The Canons of Osney greatly improved it, but Wood was unable to find out when they turned it into a house of learning. In the Rent Roll of 1317 it is named "Aula ....Edmundi,” in 1324 "Aula S. Edmundi," &c., and " even till about the middle of Edward III. it is written Aula S. Edmundi, as 'tis also in certain evidences; but in all the rest from that time to the reign of Henry VIII. thus, Domus Vicarii de Cowley, viz., Aula Edmundi, &c., seldom or never yielding under forty shillings per an. to the Canons of Osney." PAUL BIERLey. PARENTS OF BALDWIN II. (8th S. v. 229, 411). There seems some difference of opinion as to the parentage of Baldwin II., King of Jerusalem. Your correspondents T. W. and the REV. C. F. S. WARREN have apparently been misled by a pedigree in Anderson's 'Royal Genealogies.' ( L'Art de Vérifier les Dates,' which is my authority for asserting that Baldwin was the second son of Hugh, Count of Rethel, by Melesinde, his wife, goes fully into the subject. Eustace, Count of Boulogne, by Ida, daughter of Godfrey de Bouillon, had three sons, viz., (1) Godfrey, King of Jerusalem; (2) Eustace, Count of Boulogne, father of Matilda, Queen of England; (3) Baldwin I., King of Jerusalem. These appear to have been his only issue. Voigtel gives him another son William and a daughter Ida, who is said to have been the wife of "Baldwin, Count of Berg." In his table of the Christian Kings of Jerusalem, Voigtel describes Baldwin II. correctly as "son of Hugh, Count of Rethel," but at the same time draws a line of descent from Ida, the supposed daughter of Eustace of Boulogne, and wife of "Baldwin, Count of Berg." 'L'Art de Vérifier les Dates' says Baldwin II. was 66 surnamed " De Bourg. "Sir John Germain was a Dutch adventurer who came over here in the reign of Charles II. He had an intrigue with a countess [the Duchess of Norfolk] who was divorced and married him. This man was 80 ignorant that being told that Sir Matthew Decker wrote St. Matthew's Gospel, he firmly believed it. I doubted this tale very much till I asked a lady of quality, his descendant, about it, who told me it was true. She added that Sir John Germain was in consequence 80 much persuaded of Sir Matthew Decker's piety, that by his will he left 2004. to Sir Matthew, to be by him distributed among the Dutch paupers in London." Sir John Germain was said to be the natural son of William of Orange by the beautiful wife of a Dutch trooper, whose good looks he inherited. He married, secondly, Lady Betty, daughter of Lord Berkeley, a handsome, clever woman, very much his junior, the life-long friend and correspondent of Swift, who, on her father's being appointed Governor of Ireland, had accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary and probably chaplain. C. A. WHITE. DICKENS'S FUNERAL (8th S. v. 386).—B. W. S. speaks of a leading article in the Times, which Dean Stanley said appeared on Monday, June 9, 1870, and B. W. S. corrects the dates thus: "In point of fact, Dickens died on Thursday, June 9, and the article appeared on Monday, the 10th." He adds Accuracy is never a small matter,” and here is proof of it-for a Monday to be one day's date later than the preceding Thursday. W. POLLARD. Humanum est errare. B. W. S., while he deplores the fact that "the value of Dean Stanley's narratives should be so much lessened by his habitual inaccuracy as to details," himself errs when he tells us that "in point of fact, Dickens died on Thursday, June 9, and the article [in the Times] appeared on Monday, the 10th." He means, apparently, Monday, 13th. The CHAS. JAS. FERET. "CANARY BIRD": JOHN AND NICHOLAS UDAL (8th S. i. 109, 198, 339; ii. 378, 433; iii. 395, 472).-Allow me to thank ST. SWITHIN, though late (I have been absent for some months in the colonies), for his reply at the last reference. Fijian appetite is quite satisfied, as he has tioned with the John Udall or Uvedale, the author enabled me to identify the John Udal he menof the first Hebrew grammar printed in English (Leyden, 1593), the primary object of my first note. I was surprised to see the editorial note appended to ST. SWITHIN'S reply relative to a communication the Editor had received concerning Nicholas Udal, who is, I presume, the same person as Nicholas Udall or Uvedale, the author of the first English comedy (Ralph Roister Doister'), the only copy of which now known (except, of course, Mr. Arber's well-known reprint) is in the Eton College Library, minus the title-page, if I remember rightly. If the "shameful offence" alluded to, and to which he is now stated to have pleaded guilty, was that of conniving at the stealing of some college plate whilst head master of Eton, as has been somewhere suggested, it is somewhat strange that he should subsequently have been appointed head master of Westminster School, where he died the following year. The whole story is improbable on the face of it. He lies buried in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, Dec. 23, 1556. The name in the register reads more like "Yevedale," with the interchangeable u and v of the period. J. S. UDAL. Fiji. P.S.-The signature of your correspondent ST. SWITHIN reminds me of a note I intended to make in 'N.&Q.' years ago; but, heedless of Capt. Cattle's advice, did not. Does ST. SWITHIN remember a discussion in 'N. & Q.' as to the proper spelling of his name? Apparently at that time the City Fathers were themselves divided in opinion, for at one end of St. Swithin's Lane, in the City of London, unless my memory fails me, it was written up St. Swithin's Lane, and at the other St. Swithun's. Probably the London County Council has seen to this ere now. [The offence was not theft, but comes under Sir Thomas Browne's definition of "sins heteroclitical." It is to be feared that the matter is beyond dispute.] FOLK-LORE (8th S. v. 449).-There is more, perhaps, in the influence of the moon upon fish than appears from the query of MR. C. LEESON PRINCE. Sharon Turner, in 'The Sacred History of the World,' has this note (letter iii. vol. i. p. 55, 1840): "Fish hung up all night in the light of the moon, when eaten next day has occasioned violent sickness and excruciating pains.'-Montgom., 'Travels of Tyerm. and Bonnett.'" The book to which there is reference has this for its full title : "Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet' Journal of Voyages and Travels in the South Sea Islands, China, India, &c., Deputed by the London Missionary Society, compiled from Original Document by James Montgomery, Lond., 1831, 2 vols. portraits, plates." (Lowndes.) There are two replies to the same effect in 'N. & Q.,' 1 S. iv. 355, with reference to the effect of the moon in causing putrefaction in tropical climates. There are various other notices of the influence of the moon's rays. ED. MARSHALL. It is an old usage, not quite forgotten about here, to have tea by daylight for the first time in the season on Candlemas Day. The custom seems to account for the following maxim, which I have heard in connexion with it, and which Mr. Inwards gives on p. 15 of Weather Lore': You should on Candlemas Day On p. 35 of the same work we have another piece of advice, referring, I suppose, to bedtime :— St. Mathew; Get candlesticks new; St. Mathi, Lay candlesticks by. This would entail going to bed before seven o'clock, a habit which was formerly pretty general in country places. W O. M. Shepperton. There is an old saying in the county of Norfolk: You should on Candlemas Day Throw candle and candlestick away. This appears to be an answer to MR. PRINCE'S first query. For the lunar influence on animate and inanimate bodies and vegetable matter, I must refer him to ‘N. & Q.,' 1a S. iv. 273, 332, 355; 3rd S. x. 230; xi. 8 ; xii. 173, 444, 510. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. "NIVELING" (8th S. v. 248, 395, 437, 493).— Please let me correct a mistake at the last reference. ST. SWITHIN suggests that I ought to have printed the word snivelling with two l's, and not one. If he will only have the goodness to look at my 'Glossary,' as printed for the Early English Text Society (p. 705, col. 2), he will find it so spelt. I hope this will satisfy him, and that we entirely agree." WALTER W. SKEAT. KENNEDY FAMILY (8th S. v. 369).—Sir Richard Kennedy, Bart., of Mount Kennedy, co. Wicklow, second Baron of the Exchequer, who died in London, May 10, 1703, and was buried at St. Marwho was married to Edward Jones, Bishop of garet's, Westminster, had a daughter Elizabeth, Cloyne 1682-1692, whence he was translated to St. Asaph, and was created Lord High Almoner to Queen Anne. A younger daughter of Sir Richard Kennedy was called Bridget, and was married to the Rev. Matthew Jones, the bishop's younger brother, Archdeacon of Lismore. F. BROOKSBANK Garnett. 4, Argyll Road, Kensington. in common with many others, am as anxious to ROBERT JOHN THORNTON (8th S. v. 467).-I, obtain a complete collation of Thornton's 'New Illustration of the Sexual System,' his 'Temple of Flora,' 'Philosophy of Botany, and other botanical works, as P. F. W., if such a thing be possible; but I know of no two copies exactly alike. I have not seen any part of any of the books named in the original wrapper or cover; but I think the parts must have been issued most irregularly and unequally-that is to say, each and every subscriber did not receive the same text and plates. For instance, there is no plate in the second volume of the Kew copy of the Philosophy of Botany,' but otherwise it seems to be the same as P. F. W.'s. I have long been on the look-out for anything bearing on the life and works of this little-known though exceedingly fertile author; and, with a view of obtaining further information, I have drawn up a very brief sketch of Thornton's life and works, which is in the hands of the editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle. This contains a complete, though not detailed collation of the Kew copy of 'The Temple of Flora' and 'New Illustration of the Sexual System.' Therefore, I will only add now that several of the large engravings were reproduced on a reduced scale. W. BOTTING HEMSLEY. DELESCOT (8th S. v. 367).-The circular pot is probably an ancient apothecary's utensil, and the capital letters form a medical label placed on it by the potter, as was usual long ago. Numerous errors, of course, occurred in the spelling of such labels, d's being used instead of o's, &c. If my conjecture is well founded, the label refers to a preparation of the Scotia speciosa (Guaiacum afrum), a favourite drug of old physicians, and the letters would thus run, "Dil: e: Scot: " dissolutio (solution) of guaiacum; or, if the D will stand for (and if the letters are Gothic the mistake is easy), it may be "Oel: e: Scot:," oil of guaiacum. H. T. SCOTT. A "PHRONTISTÈRE (8th S. v. 246, 358).Here is a much earlier instance of the use of this word than those given by your correspondents at the second reference : Pan. Whose lodging 's this? is 't not the astrologer's? Ron. His lodging! no: 'tis the learn'd frontisterion Of most divine Albumazar. 'Albumazar,' 1615, Act I. sc. iii. vol. xi. p. 310, Dodsley's' O.E. Plays,' ed. Hazlitt. A note thus curiously explains the word, "Entrance to a house"! The editor has evidently been napping. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. HAIRAY: BARCLAY: DOWNIE (8th S. iv. 267). -I cannot offer any information on the family history of these officers, but if MR. MCCORD wishes more particulars of the naval war of 1812–15, he will find some in the last appendix to James's 'Naval History,' edition of 1886, or in Collier's United Service Magazine for April, 1885. I presume he has seen James's 'Naval Occurrences.' American authors are Dawson and recently Roosevelt, besides Fenimore Cooper. A discussion also was carried on in the Army and Navy Journal of New York between September, 1888, and June, 1889. H. Y. P. SWIFT AND STELLA (8th S. v. 107, 215).-Your querist might be referred to 'Swift, the Mystery of his Life and Love,' by James Hay, published by Chapman & Hall, in which the author asserts that he has prove "beyond the shadow of a doubt, that the marriage story is a scandalous ITALIAN ANTHOLOGY (8th S. v. 387).-From Hoepli's select bibliographical list of 'I migliori Libri Italiani' (Milano, 1892), I gather the titles of three or four recent anthologies which may serve for the student's purpose : moderne. Torino, 1889. 5 lire. 1. Finzi (G.). Antologia di prose e poesie classiche e 2. Targioni-Tazzetti (A.). Antologia della poesia i prosa Italiana. 2 vols. 4 ed. Livorno, 1887-88. 8 lire. 3. Puccianti (G.). Antologia della prosa Italiana. lire. 2 vols. Firenze. 2 vols. (Vol. i. Da Dante a Metastasio; vol. ii. Poesia 4. Puccianti (G.). Antologia della poesia Italiana. Moderna.) 5 lire. An edition of vol. ii., published separately by Lemonnier (Fir., 1872), which lies before me, comprises 588 pages, and deals with thirty-six poets. Lastly, I may refer to A. Biaggi's 'Prosatori Italiani,' published in London (second ed. in 1892). H. KREBS. Oxford. Richard Gittens sworn statesThe thing is this my "October 15th, 1660. The Tryal of William Hulett....... Lord, this Gentleman at the bar and myself were both in a Regiment in one Company as Serjeants, about 12 or 13 years together. About a day or two before the King came to the Scaffold, Colonel Hewson did give notice to a Lieutenant, that we should come to him, about 38 of nothing of what they did he swore us to the book: us; and he put us all to our oaths that we should say after he had sworn us, he asked us if we would undertake to do such an Act, if we would, we should have an hundred pounds down, and preferrment in the Army as long as that stood, and the Parliament. Afterwards we refused every person, we thought Captain Hulett did refuse: after all refused, it seems, he did undertake to do in Scotland Yard, and they were upon the Guard in the the deed. When the King was on the Scaffold, we were Banquetting-Chamber: when they were there I laid down my Armes and got into the company: Captain |