Commissioner ALLEN. Yes. As a matter of general principle, we have not supported that type of amendment, simply because it has been the feeling that the decision as to how we organize the Office for the programs of this kind should be left to the administration.

As a matter of fact we intend to involve the entire Office in this area, and the purpose of this task force we have, which is a continuing operation, is to make certain every agency in the Office has something to contribute here and that every unit of the bureau makes that contribution.

So I think we would question whether we really need a separate office set up and a separate director if we can operate within the present authority. We appreciate the special interest that you have taken in giving attention to that.

Senator PELL. Senator Nelson.

Senator NELSON. I had favored the amendment of Senator Pell in order to give the proposed special emphasis. I understand that traditional objection within agencies and departments of any administration of categorically designating particular positions.

Would it be your interest in any event to designate this the special responsibility of some individual?

Commissioner ALLEN. Let me say this. This has already been listed with the Secretary, that is, the subject of environmental education, as one of the few top priority matters in the Office of Education.

At the moment Mr. Sallada here is my special assistant in this area reporting directly to me and I have given him the authority to see that all units in the Office give priority to this area and to develop the program. So I feel, at least at the moment certainly, that we have the kind of organization that can focus special attention on this.

I don't think we could do very much more even if we were to set up a separate office. As a matter of fact, I don't think it would be as successful or effective as what we are doing now because Mr. Sallada is reporting directly to me. I am personally taking a deep interest in this. I think the environmental problem here offers an opportunity not merely to focus education on this area but to revise and revitalize the entire curriculum in our educational system, from the lower grades to the graduate schools. This seems to me to be a way in which the whole system can be improved.

Senator PELL. When you, Senator Nelson and I become oxidized pollutants we hope the program will still be going on. This would affix the responsibility for a longer period than might otherwise be the case.

Commissioner ALLEN. Let me send you a special comment on this to tell you a little bit more about what we are doing and what we have planned in connection with the organization in the Office.

(The information subsequently supplied follows:)

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION WITHIN OFFICE OF EDUCATION

Present preliminary planning documents call for the environmental education effort to be placed within the immediate office of the Commissioner. The final documents have not yet been approved by the Commissioner of Education. We will be pleased to send a copy of the final document to the Subcommittee members and staff.

Commissioner ALLEN. Is there anything further?

Senator NELSON. Did that complete your testimony?

Commissioner ALLEN. It does, Mr. Nelson, unless you have questions.

Senator NELSON. In delineating the authority of the Secretary and the Commissioner in the bill, apart from that point I raised under subsection 3, page 3, for which I understand you will submit some language, does the bill specifically delineate the authority that you as Commissioner would want under this concept or do you have any other suggestions for modification or broadening?

Commissioner ALLEN. We think that it is broad enough, Senator Nelson. We have not discovered anything we feel we could not accomplish there under this or under existing authorities we have.

I believe this covers really the entire field very well.

Senator NELSON. Are you satisfied that it is flexible enough too so that it gives you the judgment factor of flexibility when necessary to implement the intent of the bill in the way you would see best?

Commissioner ALLEN. I think so, yes.

Senator NELSON. I assume it would be your intent in the implementation of the legislation to utilize the personnel and expertise that would be found in the Department of the Interior, for example, or in other departments?

Commissioner ALLEN. That is right and to some extent we are already doing that.

Senator NELSON. Are you satisfied with the structuring of the Advisory Committee as shown on page 6 of the bill?

Commissioner ALLEN. We have a few questions about that which I would like to submit some comments on. I will do that in a special letter, Senator, if I might.

(The information referred to follows:)

EXTENSION OF COMMISSIONER ALLEN'S COMMENTS CONCERNING THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED BY S. 3151

Generally, we prefer the language contained in section 807 (c) of Senator Pell's amendment to S. 3151. We would suggest, however, that the Advisory Committee not be burdened with the requirement to review applications and make recommendations respecting their disposition, as required by (c) (2) (C) of that

section.

Additionally, as I mentioned in my testimony on May 19, we would request that the word "Secretary" be substituted wherever the word "Commissioner" appears in the bill.

Senator PELL. Senator Randolph.

Senator RANDOLPH. Mr. Chairman, I am privileged to be joined here with you and Senator Nelson this morning. I have conflicting appointments, including the chairing of a subcommittee of the Public Works Committee. But I wish to be on the record on behalf of S. 3151 which has been offered by our colleague and others who have joined him in this purpose.

I would want to say for the record that I came partially to greet Jim Allen-Commissioner Allen-who was a student in a college where I taught. I had him in one of my classes. I wanted to say hello to my esteemed friend and to commend his performance as Commissioner of Education.

But I also came because of my interest in the subject matter and the purposes of the legislation on the agenda here today. I would want the opportunity, of course, to be definitive in my look at the legislation. And I will read the testimony presented by Commissioner Allen and those who join him at the witness table this morning.

46-880 0-70- -8

If, Mr. Chairman, I may have the privilege later of presenting questions to one or more of the gentlemen who are present as witnesses, should I feel that testimony being presented might need amplification or clarification, I would ask permission to do so. Would that be agreeable?

Senator PELL. Absolutely and we appreciate very much your being with us.

Commissioner ALLEN. We will be glad to do so, Senator Randolph. Senator RANDOLPH. Thank you, sir. I do not have any questions at this time.

Senator PELL. Thank you very much. Commissioner Allen. Commissioner ALLEN. Senator Pell, may I ask if Dr. Hanlon might say a word or two?

Senator PELL. Certainly proceed as you wish.

Dr. HANLON. I would like to state that I consider it a privilege to appear here with Commissioner Allen on this very important and noteworthy cause, and especially before this committee which has so many members with unique interest in problems of the environment. I am well aware of the chairman's interest in marine health sciences, in Senator Goodell's concerns in air pollution, and the overall leadership that Senator Nelson has given in this fight to get the Nation really moving on this extremely critical problem.

Speaking for the Environmental Health Service of HEW I want to most enthusiastically endorse a bill which proposes, in effect, the possibility of the development of a partnership of very great potential value to the people of our Nation.

As I am sure the members of this committee have been and are aware, and as Commissioner Allen has indicated in his testimony which is submitted for the record, the Environmental Health Services has a long record, it and its predecessors, of activity in the field not only of research and programing but also of education.

There are a great many examples one might give of this. Some are in the testimony.

I would like to leave with the committee if I may, not for the record because they are long, but a few examples, one of which deals with our efforts to motivate the students of America. These are the minutes of the Conference for the Developing Professional.

I have a tickler here at the photograph of a distinguished member of this committee who gave one of the outstanding talks at that conference which we sponsored.

Also the committee may be aware of our interests in an earlier meeting which was held in 1968 by us to motivate the members of the academic and business and industry communities. These are proceedings of the Symposium on Human Ecology.

(The information referred to may be found in the files of the subcommittee.

Dr. HANLON. In a different vein is a very inexpensive document on the environmental problems which was distributed to the extent of well over 100,000 to students throughout the country in connection with Earth Day to give them the background data they would want and need.

(The information referred to may be found in the files of the subcommittee.

Dr. HANLON. Getting further down the line in age we have a type of document we have made up for the even younger part of the population.

(The information referred to may be found in the files of the subcommittee.

Dr. HANLON. Our staff, of course, devotes a great proportion of its time in meeting with all types of groups in all levels of educational institutions and the like. Only the other day I had the privilege of addressing the students at the University of Alaska, for example, and tomorrow I will be addressing, using myself as an example, the annual Congress of Collective Bargaining with representatives of industry and labor.

They fan out to the communities of the Nation. So that I think that with the expertise in educational methodology that obviously exists under the leadership of Commissioner Allen, and with our input in the Environmental Health Services on the technical and scientific aspects there is, indeed, a great potential here for a very effective partnership and I strongly endorse the proposal.

Senator PELL. I thank you. Along the line of what you have just been saying, I guess the greatest compliment is plagerization, I would like to see us move to not only have Earth Day every so often, but Ocean Day.

If you will forgive me for being very parochial, I would hope the work you are doing in your laboratory in Rhode Island would put more emphasis on the problems of pollution in the oceans and less on fresh water problems in view of the increasing problems and the site of the laboratory.

I believe a report is due from you on the followup and I would be grateful if you would put it in as soon as possible.

Dr. HANLON. I assure you our report will be shortly forthcoming. Senator PELL. Our oyster beds in the bay are becoming increasingly polluted and I think you can play a real role in assisting us to clean them up.

Commissioner ALLEN. Someday perhaps we should have a sea-grant college in Rhode Island.

Senator PELL. I have thought of that.

Commissioner Allen, I am asking this next question on behalf of Senator Cranston: What is your Environmental Education Task Force presently doing under present statutory authority in educating people about the interrelationship between environmental and population growth and what material have you initiated with regard to population growth and the environment?

Commissioner ALLEN. I would support Senator Cranston's amendment to the bill to include the population problem as part of this. I would be glad to submit something further.

(The information subsequently supplied follows:)

RESPONSE TO SENATOR CRANSTON'S QUESTION CONCERNING POPULATION AS AN

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

The study of the effects of population size and growth on the quality of the environment, both natural and manmade, is an essential part of environmental/ ecological education. The Office of Education, therefore, expects that it will be included as a factor in most, if not all, programs and courses dealing with the problems of the environment.

Senator PELL. Thank you very much, gentlemen. Thank you.

The next witness will be Senator Goodell, if he would come forward, please.

STATEMENT OF HON. CHARLES E. GOODELL, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Senator GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, despite all that has been written and said about the despoilation of our environment all too few citizens are concerned about this threat to our existence.

A poll conducted for the National Wildlife Federation in July 1969, for example, showed that 68 percent of those surveyed felt that air and water pollution had not affected them. Those astounding figures clearly demonstrate the need for a more effective program of environmental education.

At this point, environmental education in the school system, especially at the elementary and secondary level, is largely limited to education in agricultural conservation. It takes the form of occasional field trips, nature hikes for children from urban areas and tree planting ceremonies or bird watching clubs. Few textbooks or curriculums are available which present a systematic examination of ecological principles and of environmental management problems.

The August 1969 Report of the Citizens' Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality, headed by Laurence S. Rockefeller, sums up succinctly the current status of American environmental education:

If man is the only living thing which can consciously manipulate, control, destroy, or preserve his environment, then a knowledge of his actions and their environmental consequences should be an essential part and element of his education. It is not, and the reason it is not, is a failure in American education at all levels.

The Federal effort in this area has been startingly deficient. For example, the Task Force on Environmental/Ecological Education in the Office of Education had a staff of only three, backed with no specific funding.

THE NELSON AND GOODELL BILLS

There are now two bills on environmental education before your subcommittee, Senator Nelson's bill, S. 3151, and my bill, S. 3237. Because of its greater detail and scope, I submit that bill would have certain advantages over the Nelson bill, to which I would like to call the attention of the subcommittee, in order to at least suggest the possibility of amendment of the Nelson bill along these lines.

Senator PELL. Proceed.

Senator GOODELL. (1) In a time of crying need for multidisciplinary cooperation in reaching solutions for environmental problems, my bill emphasizes the use of funds for the organization within universities of integrated courses of study in environmental fields, curriculums which would be part of new ecological degree-granting programs. The Nelson bill has no such provision.

(2) My bill proposes use of funds for the establishment of a system of regional ecological environmental education centers, which would develop, collect, and disseminate information on environmental problems, their prevention and solutions, emission standards and enforcement processes, environmental monitoring and information gathering techniques and necessary ecological inputs into long-term urban and regional planning.

This proposed system of regional education centers is in keeping with the current structure of the Air Quality Act and the Water