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Elizabeth, Queen, new Act of Supremacy

(1559), 213

new Act of Uniformity (1559), 214
High Commission Court (1559), 214
the Thirty-Nine Articles (1563), 215

the Nation halting between two opin-
ions, 215

question of her marriage, 216

a coquette, 217

her temper, her deceit, 217-218, 224
loyalty.of the people to, 217
yields to Parliament, 218, 219
abolishes "monopolies," 218
grandeur of the age, 219, 222
plots against, 223

beheads Mary Queen of Scots (1587), 224
destruction of the Armada (1588), 224-
226

merciless war in Ireland, 226-228
first Poor Law (1601), 228
her death, 228-229

Emmet, Robert, Irish patriot (1803), 360
Empire, the British, 9, 338, 422, 432, 433
England, origin of the name, 30

geography and history, 1-10

race influences in, 4, 41, 42, 51, 62, 63
Christianity introduced into, 25-26
conquered by the Normans, 25, 26, 53
great commerce of, 9

effect of steam on, 361, 362, 363
sea power of, 9

the great constitutional leader, 441
the British Empire, 9, 338, 422, 432, 433
and America, need each other, 442, 444
general sketch of progress of, 438-444
See also Britain, Constitution, Crown,

Laws, Parliament, Literature, Trea-
ties, Wars

English or Angles invade Britain (477–541), 24
give name of England, 30
what they accomplished, 42

Englishry, law of, 58. See also Laws
Entail, of land, 117, 389 (note 3)

law of, 117, 142. See also Laws

Episcopal clergy driven out (1647), 253. See
also Church and Clergy

Erasmus (e-raz'mus), 189

Essex, favorite of Elizabeth, 217, 218
Essex, General (Commonwealth), 251
Ether introduced into surgery (1846), 419
Exchequer, Charles II robs the (1672), 278
Excise Tax, 252

Exclusion Bill fails (1679), 279

Excommunication, of Henry II (1164), 87
of King John (1210), 100
of Henry VIII (1536), 197
of Elizabeth (1570), 223

Factories, effect of steam on, 361-362
riots destroying (1811), 361

employment of women and children in,
381

Fairs, great trade (1154-1399), 146

17th century, 146

Bunyan's "Vanity Fair," 146
the World's (1851), 397

Famine, the Irish (1845), 396

Farms, in 16th century, 204. See also Agri-
culture

Favorites, royal, 119-121, 132-133, 217, 269,

276, 278, 311

Fawkes (fawks), Guy, 238

Fenian outrages in London, 409
Feudal system (Saxon), 45-46
Norman, 57, 61, 62
advantages of the, 46
dues or taxes, 74

how William I modified the, 57, 61, 62
effects of scutage on the, 84

baronage destroyed in large degree, 173
effects of artillery on the, 182, 183
abolished (1660), 282

"Field of the Cloth of Gold," 191
Fire, the great London (1666), 274
Firearms, introduction of (1346), 127, 231
effects of, 182-183

Flag, the British, 313, 314 (note)
Flanders, wool trade with, 122, 123
Folkland, 44

Food supply of England, 395, 421
Forests and forest laws, 60, 106

Fox, noted statesman, 343, 349, 351, 358
France, the Northmen invade, 35

William of Normandy conquers Eng-
land, 38-41

union of England and Normandy, 54,
64

Henry II's possessions in (1154), 82
John's loss of Normandy (1204), 99
Scotland's alliance with, 114

Edward III claims crown of, 124

Hundred Years' War with (1338), 123
Calais taken (1347), 127-128

England holds south of the Loire, 129
effect of wars with, on England, 129,
155, 156

England loses possessions in, 157
Henry VIII and, 191

England loses Calais, 210

Cromwell gets Dunkirk, 265

Charles II's secret treaty with (1670), 276,

278

James II, pensioned slave of, 288, 293,

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INDEX

Genealogical tables:
Edward III's claim to French Crown,

124

Edward III and Mortimer, 140
claims of Lancaster and York, 161
line of Henry VII, 172, 179, 209

claims of Mary and Lady Jane Grey,

207

descent of Mary Queen of Scots, 207
House of Hanover (George I to George
V), 323

English sovereigns, Egbert to George V,
xxxiv (Appendix)

Geography, of England and history, 5-10
of world (1485-1497), 184-186

George I, King, his debt to the Whigs, 322
his character, 323

Septennial Act (1716), 327

the South Sea Bubble (1720), 328

rise of Cabinet government (1721), 324
Walpole, first Prime Minister (1721), 325
insurrection for the "Pretender," 326
the fight against a terrible disease, 329
how Walpole governed, 330
George II, King, his character, 332

intemperance in England (1738), 338
rise of the Methodists (1738), 338
"War of Jenkins's Ear" (1739), 332
War of the Austrian Succession (1741),
333

invasion by "Young Pretender" (1745),
334

war in India and the " Black Hole" (1751-
1757), 335

style of reckoning time (1752), 336
(note 2)

"Seven Years' War" with France (1756-
1763), 336

George III, King, character of, 340, 341
restrictions on American trade, 342
taxation of American colonies (1765), 343,
344

the Industrial Revolution" of the 18th
century, 360

liberty of the press (1771), 350
discovery of oxygen (1774), 362

the American Revolution (1775), 346-348
American independence declared (1776),
346

Lord Gordon riots (1780), 348
acknowledges American independence
(1782), 348

Watt's improved steam engine (1785), 361
impeachment of Warren Hastings (1788),

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xlix

George IV, King, regency and character of
(1811-1820), 367, 368, 370

the "Manchester Massacre" (1819), 368
the "Six Acts" (1819), 369

plot to murder the Cabinet (1820), 370
Queen Caroline (1821), 370
repeal of the Corporation Act, 371
repeal of the Test Act, 371
Catholics readmitted to
(1829), 371

Irish vote reduced, 372
the new police (1829), 372
death of, 372

Parliament

George V, King, the Veto Act (1911), 438-444
the Salary Act (1911), 438-444

the dockers' strike (1911), 438

George's, Lloyd, Budget (1909-1910), 436-437
Gladstone, W. E., 403, 404, 405, 406, 407,
408, 426

Glencoe, massacre of (1692), 303
Glendower's rebellion (Henry IV), 149
Gordon, General, in Egypt, 427-428
Gordon, Lord George, riots (1780), 348
Government (449-1714), 43, 44, 71, 72, 141,
174, 230, 316

rise of political parties, 280

rise of Cabinet system (1721), 324
the first Prime Minister (1721), 325
House of Commons now supreme, 385,
438

England's constitutional government,

44I

See also Constitution, Crown, House of
Commons, House of Lords, Laws,
Parliament, Suffrage, and Summary of
Constitutional History, and Constitu-
tional Documents, in the Appendix
Greek, study of (Henry VIII), 189
Grey, Lady Jane, beheaded, 208
Guilds (gilds), or early trade-unions, 52, 80, 146
Gunpowder known to Roger Bacon, 127
first used in war (1346), 127, 182
effect of, on war, 182, 183

Gunpowder Plot, the (1605), 238

Habeas Corpus (ha'be-as cor'pus) Act, 282.
See also Laws (1679)

Hague Peace Conference (1899), 426
Hampden, John, and ship money (1637), 247
Hampton Court Conference (1604), 236
Harley, Tory leader, 311, 322
Harold, last of Saxon Kings, 38, 39, 40

killed at battle of Hastings (1066), 40
Hastings, battle of (1066), 40. See also Battles
Hastings, Warren, impeached (1788), 349
Hawkins, Sir John, and slave trade, 233
Henry I, King, Charter of Liberties (1100), 67
appointment of bishops, 67

drives out prominent nobles, 68
organizes better courts of law, 68
called the "Lion of Justice," 68
great extent of his kingdom, 82-83

Henry II, King, Charter of Liberties, 83
destroys unlawful castles, 83
reforms the coinage, 83

his war with France, and scutage, 84
his quarrel with Thomas Becket, 84-85
Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), 86
murder of Becket (1170), 87

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149

Glendower's Conspiracy, 149
revolt of the Percies, 149, 151
persecution of the Lollards, 151
battle of Shrewsbury, 151

Commons controls money supplies
(1407), 150

Henry V, King, Lollard conspiracy, 153
war with France, 154

battle of Agincourt (1415), 154
Treaty of Troyes (1420), 155

Henry VI, King, his vast dominions, 156
war with France renewed, 156
Joan of Arc saves France, 157
marries Princess Margaret, 157
poverty of the Crown, 158
great wealth of the nobles, 158
disfranchisement of the people, 158
Cade's rebellion (1450), 159

Wars of the Roses begin (1455), 160
sent to the Tower, 164, 165
Henry VII, King, crowned on the battlefield,
173

union of the Roses, 178

the world in 1485, 184

increased power of the Crown, 179, 180,
182, 183

how he raised money, 181-182

two pretenders, 183

his politic marriages, 183

discovery of America (1497), 184
reign marks a new epoch, 186

Henry VIII, King, and the "New Learn-
ing," 188

Defender of the Faith," 190

victory of Flodden, and "Field of the
Cloth of Gold," 190

marries Catharine of Aragon, 191
seeks a divorce from Catharine, 192-195
fall of Cardinal Wolsey, 192, 193
marries Anne Boleyn, 195

Pope orders him to give up Anne, 195
the Act of Supremacy (1534), 195
declares England independent of the
Pope (1534), 195, 202
subserviency of Parliament to, 196
execution of More and Fisher, 196
Pope excommunicates and deposes, 197
destroys the monasteries (1536), 197
distress of laboring classes, 200
beheads Anne Boleyn, 200

marries Jane Seyinour, 200

more marriages, 201

Henry VIII, King, his action respecting reli⚫
gion, 202

heresy and treason, 202
his death, 203

his character, 203

England's debt to him, 203

Heraldry, value of, 144. See also Coats of
Arms

Heretics, burned, 138, 151, 203, 209, 210, 318
last martyr burned (1612), 318
Hereward (her'e-ward), the Saxon, 55
Hogarth's pictures of the times, 365
Hospitals founded by Edward VI, 206
House of Commons, origin of (1265), 110
"Complete Parliament" (1295), 112
gains share in legislation (1322), 142
sits as a separate body (1376), 142
gets power to impeach (1376), 129, 132,

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150

members must be men of means, 159, 175
and Cade's Rebellion (1450), 159
becomes subservient to Henry VII,

Henry VIII, and James I, 180, 196,
197, 238

all Catholics excluded from (1559), 214
plot to blow up the (1605), 238

extorts the Petition of Right (1628), 245
holds the Speaker in the chair (1629), 246
passes Eliot's Remonstrance (1629), 246
adopts the Grand Remonstrance, 249
expels bishops from House of Lords,
xvii (Appendix)

abolishes the Star Chamber, 249
abolishes the High Commission Court,
249

forbids collection of "ship money," 249
forbids King to dissolve Parliament, 249
refuses to give up members to King
(1642), 250

Speaker refuses to answer King (1642),

250

abolishes House of Lords (1649), 257

abolishes the Crown (1649), 257.

forbids the use of English Church service
(1649), 257

offers Cromwell the Crown, 262

gets control of army (1689), 297, 300
Dunning's Resolution in (1780), 341
Catholics readmitted to (1829), 371
Cabinet must agree with, 325, 385
Reform Act (1832), 389, 412
Jews admitted to (1858), 417

Reform Acts (1867 and 1884), 403, 413
religious test for members abolished
(1888), 417

labor enters (1906), 435

forces passage of Veto Act (1911), 438
forces passage of Salary Act (1911), 438
is now the ruling power, 326, 385, 386,
438

House of Lords, sketch of, 386, 391

an outgrowth of National Council, 71
the, and the King made all Laws, 72
chose the King, 72

and the King imposed all taxes, 72

INDEX

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loses power to grant money (1407), 150
reduced in power by Henry VIII, 198
becomes subservient to Henry VIII, 196
abolished (1649), 257

restored (1660), 268

Catholics driven from (1678), 279
Catholics readmitted (1829), 371
acts as Court of Appeal, 391

veto power of, limited (1911), 438
House of Commons superior to, 438

See also Barons, Feudal System, Nobles,
Parliament

Howard, John, philanthropist, 351
Howard, Lord High Admiral, 225
"Hudibras," satirical poem, 263, 269
Hudson, the" Railway King" (1845), 382-383
Humble Petition and Advice (1652), 262
"Hundred Years War" with France, 123. See
also Wars

Impeachment by House of Commons, 129,

132, 322

of Lord Bacon (1621), 242
of Bishop Laud (1640), 248
of Strafford (1641), 248

of Warren Hastings (1788), 349
Impressment of American seamen (1812), 354
Independence of America acknowledged
(1782), 348

Independents, branch of the Puritans, 240,
248, 254

India, East India Company (1600), 222, 233,
335, 349

Clive's campaigns in (1751-1757), 335-
336

bad government of, 349, 350
impeachment of Hastings (1788), 349
thrown open to trade, 350
rebellion in (1857), 399

Crown becomes governor of (1857), 399
Victoria made Empress of (1876), 399
Indulgence, Declarations of religious (1673-
1688), 278, 288, 289

Industry and commerce, 6, 7, 9, 10, 50, 80,
122, 123, 130, 134, 146, 165, 177, 218, 233,
264, 313, 320, 332, 335, 342, 344, 360, 362, 395,
397, 398, 407, 419-422, 423, 424, 427, 429, 433
See also Agriculture, Commerce, Manu
factures, Trade

Inoculation introduced (1721), 329
Insane, treatment of the, 416
Instrument of Government (1653), 262
Insurance, Workmen's Compulsory, 438

li

Intemperance (18th century), 338
"Intolerable Acts" (George III), 345
Inventions, notable, 127, 182, 319, 361, 363,
381, 418, 419. See also Cannon, Cotton
Manufactures, Gas, Gunpowder, Locomo-
tive, Matches, Photography, Steamboat,
Steam Engine, Telegraph, Telephone
Ireland, early history of, 83 (and note 1)
Poynings's Act (1494), 181 (note 1)
insurrection in (1595), 226

Raleigh introduces the potato into, 396
what Raleigh said of, 228
Elizabeth's war in, 228

James I colonizes (1611), 241, 301
Protestantism in, 241

insurrection in (1641), 258

Charles II proclaimed King in (1649), 258
Cromwell's campaign in (1649), 258, 266
many Catholics of, driven West (1653),
258

Irish sold as slaves (1653), 259
James II lands in (1689), 301
Act of Attainder in (1689), 301
Orangemen in North of (1689), 301
rebellion of Irish Catholics (1689), 302
battle of the Boyne (1690), 302
treaty of Limerick (1691), 302
soldiers go to France (1691), 302
Catholics of, hunted down, 303

ports of England and colonies closed to,
303

Dean Swift on the misery of, 358
so-called Irish Parliament (1782), 358
Society of United Irishmen, 358
rebellion in (1798), 359

union of Great Britain and (1800), 359
Emmet's effort to free (1803), 360
English ports opened to, 360
freedom of trade granted to, 360
the Irish vote reduced (1829), 372
efforts to repeal the Act of Union, 372
the famine in (1845-1846), 396
English Church in, disestablished (1869),
404

great distress in (1876-1879), 407
the Land League in (1879), 408
second Irish Land Act (1881), 408
Home Rule Bill for (1893), 424
excessive taxation of (1897), 424

local self-government granted to (1898),
424

condition of, has improved (1911), 424
Home Rule Bill (1914), 439-443
"Ironsides," Cromwell's (1645), 253, 258

Jacobites (1689), 296, 326, 334

James I, King, by act of Parliament, 234
appearance and character, 235
the Puritan Petition (1603), 235-237
Hampton Court Conference (1604), 236
translation of the Bible, 236
Puritans must conform, 237

proclaims the Divine Right of Kings, 237,

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James I, King, the Pilgrims, 239-241
colonizes Ireland (1611), 241
creates baronets, 242

beheads Sir Walter Raleigh (1618), 242
impeachment of Bacon (1621), 242
first regular newspaper (1622), 241
legacy to Prince Charles (1625), 243
James, Duke of York, and Exclusion Bill, 279
James II, King, efforts to exclude from the
throne, 279

his Proclamation (1685), 284

his two chief objects, 284

restores Roman Catholic worship (1685),
284

punishment of Titus Oates, 284
Monmouth's Rebellion (1685), 286
Jeffreys's Bloody Assizes" (1685), 286
his cruel nature, 287, 294

efforts to reestablish Catholicism, 287
the slave of Louis XIV, 288
Declarations of Indulgence (1687), 288,
289

action about Magdalen College, 289
and seven bishops (1688), 289-291
birth of a son (the "Pretender"), 291-

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Jesuits come to England, 212

many put to death, 215
danger from the, 223

Jews, in England, 60, 78, 80

money extorted from, 93, 94, 107, 116
many killed in riots, 94

expelled from England (1290), 115
Cromwell permits their return, 264
excluded from Toleration Act (1689), 297
admitted to Parliament (1858), 403
"Jingo" policy, the, 431

Joan of Arc burned (1431), 157
John, King, called "Lackland," 98
three momentous quarrels, 98
murder of Prince Arthur, 98
loses Normandy (1204), 99
results of loss of Normandy, 99
quarrels with the Pope (1208), 100
the Pope deposes him, 100-101
does homage to the Pope (1213), 101
his tyranny and brutality, ior
the nation against him, 101-102
the Great Charter demanded, 101-102
grants Magna Carta (1215), 102
terms and value of Magna Carta, 102-104
his efforts to break the Charter, 104, 105

John, King, his death (1216), 105
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 306 (and note), 364
Jubilees, Victoria's two (1887, 1897), 411
Judges, mentioned, 279, 286, 294, 300
Junius" attacks George III, 350
Juries, grand, organized (1176), 90
Jury, origin of trial by (1350), 90-91
Justice, administration of, 46, 47, 58, 59, 68,
72, 73, 86, 90-91

Jutes, the, enter Britain (449), 23

King, the, how chosen, 38, 43, 72
later had great power, 62, 72

power limited by Charters, etc., 67, 83,
102, 114, 245, 298, 299

limited by Commons and Cabinet, 110,
112-113, 299, 324 326, 380

no power over nation's purse, 129
has no veto, 386

little power over army and navy, 297

the President more powerful than the,
386

See also Crown

"King's Evil," touching for the, 306
Kings, descent of, 30, xxxiv (Appendix)
Kitchener, Lord, 428

Knights and knighthood, 77, 78, 93, 126, 127

Labor, what primitive man did, 4

much, in early times, not free, 18, 25, 45
(note), 50, 51, 57, 74, 75, 97
manual, done by the monks, 28
grievously oppressed by King John, 101
Magna Carta protects (1215), 104, 141,
guilds or unions in early times, 146
effects of the Plague on (1349), 103-132
a thirty years' strike (14th century), 130-

132

laborers heavily taxed (1381), 134
insurrection of (1381), 134-135
bondage of, abolished, 135

secures share in government of towns,
146

distress of laboring classes, 200, 204, 320,
361, 369, 395, 411

had little freedom to seek work, 320
restrictions on, in American colonies, 342
effect of machinery on, 361

had no real political freedom (1830), 375
no power to combine (1834), 419
severe punishment for combining, 419
few workmen could vote, 392
advantage of savings banks to, 427
advantage of newspapers to (1855), 397
effect of free schools on (1870), 406, 417
trade unions formed (1872), 403, 420

and cheap railway fares, 418

first uses the "boycott" (1879), 408
great liberty granted to (1906), 420 (and
note 2)

strikes of, and law of (1906), 420

effect of extension of vote on (1884), 413,

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