Elizabeth, Queen, new Act of Supremacy
new Act of Uniformity (1559), 214 High Commission Court (1559), 214 the Thirty-Nine Articles (1563), 215
the Nation halting between two opin- ions, 215
question of her marriage, 216
a coquette, 217
her temper, her deceit, 217-218, 224 loyalty.of the people to, 217 yields to Parliament, 218, 219 abolishes "monopolies," 218 grandeur of the age, 219, 222 plots against, 223
beheads Mary Queen of Scots (1587), 224 destruction of the Armada (1588), 224- 226
merciless war in Ireland, 226-228 first Poor Law (1601), 228 her death, 228-229
Emmet, Robert, Irish patriot (1803), 360 Empire, the British, 9, 338, 422, 432, 433 England, origin of the name, 30
geography and history, 1-10
race influences in, 4, 41, 42, 51, 62, 63 Christianity introduced into, 25-26 conquered by the Normans, 25, 26, 53 great commerce of, 9
effect of steam on, 361, 362, 363 sea power of, 9
the great constitutional leader, 441 the British Empire, 9, 338, 422, 432, 433 and America, need each other, 442, 444 general sketch of progress of, 438-444 See also Britain, Constitution, Crown,
Laws, Parliament, Literature, Trea- ties, Wars
English or Angles invade Britain (477–541), 24 give name of England, 30 what they accomplished, 42
Englishry, law of, 58. See also Laws Entail, of land, 117, 389 (note 3)
law of, 117, 142. See also Laws
Episcopal clergy driven out (1647), 253. See also Church and Clergy
Erasmus (e-raz'mus), 189
Essex, favorite of Elizabeth, 217, 218 Essex, General (Commonwealth), 251 Ether introduced into surgery (1846), 419 Exchequer, Charles II robs the (1672), 278 Excise Tax, 252
Exclusion Bill fails (1679), 279
Excommunication, of Henry II (1164), 87 of King John (1210), 100 of Henry VIII (1536), 197 of Elizabeth (1570), 223
Factories, effect of steam on, 361-362 riots destroying (1811), 361
employment of women and children in, 381
Fairs, great trade (1154-1399), 146
17th century, 146
Bunyan's "Vanity Fair," 146 the World's (1851), 397
Famine, the Irish (1845), 396
Farms, in 16th century, 204. See also Agri- culture
Favorites, royal, 119-121, 132-133, 217, 269,
Fawkes (fawks), Guy, 238
Fenian outrages in London, 409 Feudal system (Saxon), 45-46 Norman, 57, 61, 62 advantages of the, 46 dues or taxes, 74
how William I modified the, 57, 61, 62 effects of scutage on the, 84
baronage destroyed in large degree, 173 effects of artillery on the, 182, 183 abolished (1660), 282
"Field of the Cloth of Gold," 191 Fire, the great London (1666), 274 Firearms, introduction of (1346), 127, 231 effects of, 182-183
Flag, the British, 313, 314 (note) Flanders, wool trade with, 122, 123 Folkland, 44
Food supply of England, 395, 421 Forests and forest laws, 60, 106
Fox, noted statesman, 343, 349, 351, 358 France, the Northmen invade, 35
William of Normandy conquers Eng- land, 38-41
union of England and Normandy, 54, 64
Henry II's possessions in (1154), 82 John's loss of Normandy (1204), 99 Scotland's alliance with, 114
Edward III claims crown of, 124
Hundred Years' War with (1338), 123 Calais taken (1347), 127-128
England holds south of the Loire, 129 effect of wars with, on England, 129, 155, 156
England loses possessions in, 157 Henry VIII and, 191
England loses Calais, 210
Cromwell gets Dunkirk, 265
Charles II's secret treaty with (1670), 276,
James II, pensioned slave of, 288, 293,
Genealogical tables: Edward III's claim to French Crown,
Edward III and Mortimer, 140 claims of Lancaster and York, 161 line of Henry VII, 172, 179, 209
claims of Mary and Lady Jane Grey,
descent of Mary Queen of Scots, 207 House of Hanover (George I to George V), 323
English sovereigns, Egbert to George V, xxxiv (Appendix)
Geography, of England and history, 5-10 of world (1485-1497), 184-186
George I, King, his debt to the Whigs, 322 his character, 323
Septennial Act (1716), 327
the South Sea Bubble (1720), 328
rise of Cabinet government (1721), 324 Walpole, first Prime Minister (1721), 325 insurrection for the "Pretender," 326 the fight against a terrible disease, 329 how Walpole governed, 330 George II, King, his character, 332
intemperance in England (1738), 338 rise of the Methodists (1738), 338 "War of Jenkins's Ear" (1739), 332 War of the Austrian Succession (1741), 333
invasion by "Young Pretender" (1745), 334
war in India and the " Black Hole" (1751- 1757), 335
style of reckoning time (1752), 336 (note 2)
"Seven Years' War" with France (1756- 1763), 336
George III, King, character of, 340, 341 restrictions on American trade, 342 taxation of American colonies (1765), 343, 344
the Industrial Revolution" of the 18th century, 360
liberty of the press (1771), 350 discovery of oxygen (1774), 362
the American Revolution (1775), 346-348 American independence declared (1776), 346
Lord Gordon riots (1780), 348 acknowledges American independence (1782), 348
Watt's improved steam engine (1785), 361 impeachment of Warren Hastings (1788),
George IV, King, regency and character of (1811-1820), 367, 368, 370
the "Manchester Massacre" (1819), 368 the "Six Acts" (1819), 369
plot to murder the Cabinet (1820), 370 Queen Caroline (1821), 370 repeal of the Corporation Act, 371 repeal of the Test Act, 371 Catholics readmitted to (1829), 371
Irish vote reduced, 372 the new police (1829), 372 death of, 372
George V, King, the Veto Act (1911), 438-444 the Salary Act (1911), 438-444
the dockers' strike (1911), 438
George's, Lloyd, Budget (1909-1910), 436-437 Gladstone, W. E., 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 426
Glencoe, massacre of (1692), 303 Glendower's rebellion (Henry IV), 149 Gordon, General, in Egypt, 427-428 Gordon, Lord George, riots (1780), 348 Government (449-1714), 43, 44, 71, 72, 141, 174, 230, 316
rise of political parties, 280
rise of Cabinet system (1721), 324 the first Prime Minister (1721), 325 House of Commons now supreme, 385, 438
England's constitutional government,
See also Constitution, Crown, House of Commons, House of Lords, Laws, Parliament, Suffrage, and Summary of Constitutional History, and Constitu- tional Documents, in the Appendix Greek, study of (Henry VIII), 189 Grey, Lady Jane, beheaded, 208 Guilds (gilds), or early trade-unions, 52, 80, 146 Gunpowder known to Roger Bacon, 127 first used in war (1346), 127, 182 effect of, on war, 182, 183
Gunpowder Plot, the (1605), 238
Habeas Corpus (ha'be-as cor'pus) Act, 282. See also Laws (1679)
Hague Peace Conference (1899), 426 Hampden, John, and ship money (1637), 247 Hampton Court Conference (1604), 236 Harley, Tory leader, 311, 322 Harold, last of Saxon Kings, 38, 39, 40
killed at battle of Hastings (1066), 40 Hastings, battle of (1066), 40. See also Battles Hastings, Warren, impeached (1788), 349 Hawkins, Sir John, and slave trade, 233 Henry I, King, Charter of Liberties (1100), 67 appointment of bishops, 67
drives out prominent nobles, 68 organizes better courts of law, 68 called the "Lion of Justice," 68 great extent of his kingdom, 82-83
Henry II, King, Charter of Liberties, 83 destroys unlawful castles, 83 reforms the coinage, 83
his war with France, and scutage, 84 his quarrel with Thomas Becket, 84-85 Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), 86 murder of Becket (1170), 87
Glendower's Conspiracy, 149 revolt of the Percies, 149, 151 persecution of the Lollards, 151 battle of Shrewsbury, 151
Commons controls money supplies (1407), 150
Henry V, King, Lollard conspiracy, 153 war with France, 154
battle of Agincourt (1415), 154 Treaty of Troyes (1420), 155
Henry VI, King, his vast dominions, 156 war with France renewed, 156 Joan of Arc saves France, 157 marries Princess Margaret, 157 poverty of the Crown, 158 great wealth of the nobles, 158 disfranchisement of the people, 158 Cade's rebellion (1450), 159
Wars of the Roses begin (1455), 160 sent to the Tower, 164, 165 Henry VII, King, crowned on the battlefield, 173
union of the Roses, 178
the world in 1485, 184
increased power of the Crown, 179, 180, 182, 183
how he raised money, 181-182
two pretenders, 183
his politic marriages, 183
discovery of America (1497), 184 reign marks a new epoch, 186
Henry VIII, King, and the "New Learn- ing," 188
Defender of the Faith," 190
victory of Flodden, and "Field of the Cloth of Gold," 190
marries Catharine of Aragon, 191 seeks a divorce from Catharine, 192-195 fall of Cardinal Wolsey, 192, 193 marries Anne Boleyn, 195
Pope orders him to give up Anne, 195 the Act of Supremacy (1534), 195 declares England independent of the Pope (1534), 195, 202 subserviency of Parliament to, 196 execution of More and Fisher, 196 Pope excommunicates and deposes, 197 destroys the monasteries (1536), 197 distress of laboring classes, 200 beheads Anne Boleyn, 200
marries Jane Seyinour, 200
more marriages, 201
Henry VIII, King, his action respecting reli⚫ gion, 202
heresy and treason, 202 his death, 203
his character, 203
England's debt to him, 203
Heraldry, value of, 144. See also Coats of Arms
Heretics, burned, 138, 151, 203, 209, 210, 318 last martyr burned (1612), 318 Hereward (her'e-ward), the Saxon, 55 Hogarth's pictures of the times, 365 Hospitals founded by Edward VI, 206 House of Commons, origin of (1265), 110 "Complete Parliament" (1295), 112 gains share in legislation (1322), 142 sits as a separate body (1376), 142 gets power to impeach (1376), 129, 132,
members must be men of means, 159, 175 and Cade's Rebellion (1450), 159 becomes subservient to Henry VII,
Henry VIII, and James I, 180, 196, 197, 238
all Catholics excluded from (1559), 214 plot to blow up the (1605), 238
extorts the Petition of Right (1628), 245 holds the Speaker in the chair (1629), 246 passes Eliot's Remonstrance (1629), 246 adopts the Grand Remonstrance, 249 expels bishops from House of Lords, xvii (Appendix)
abolishes the Star Chamber, 249 abolishes the High Commission Court, 249
forbids collection of "ship money," 249 forbids King to dissolve Parliament, 249 refuses to give up members to King (1642), 250
Speaker refuses to answer King (1642),
abolishes House of Lords (1649), 257
abolishes the Crown (1649), 257.
forbids the use of English Church service (1649), 257
offers Cromwell the Crown, 262
gets control of army (1689), 297, 300 Dunning's Resolution in (1780), 341 Catholics readmitted to (1829), 371 Cabinet must agree with, 325, 385 Reform Act (1832), 389, 412 Jews admitted to (1858), 417
Reform Acts (1867 and 1884), 403, 413 religious test for members abolished (1888), 417
labor enters (1906), 435
forces passage of Veto Act (1911), 438 forces passage of Salary Act (1911), 438 is now the ruling power, 326, 385, 386, 438
House of Lords, sketch of, 386, 391
an outgrowth of National Council, 71 the, and the King made all Laws, 72 chose the King, 72
and the King imposed all taxes, 72
loses power to grant money (1407), 150 reduced in power by Henry VIII, 198 becomes subservient to Henry VIII, 196 abolished (1649), 257
restored (1660), 268
Catholics driven from (1678), 279 Catholics readmitted (1829), 371 acts as Court of Appeal, 391
veto power of, limited (1911), 438 House of Commons superior to, 438
See also Barons, Feudal System, Nobles, Parliament
Howard, John, philanthropist, 351 Howard, Lord High Admiral, 225 "Hudibras," satirical poem, 263, 269 Hudson, the" Railway King" (1845), 382-383 Humble Petition and Advice (1652), 262 "Hundred Years War" with France, 123. See also Wars
Impeachment by House of Commons, 129,
of Lord Bacon (1621), 242 of Bishop Laud (1640), 248 of Strafford (1641), 248
of Warren Hastings (1788), 349 Impressment of American seamen (1812), 354 Independence of America acknowledged (1782), 348
Independents, branch of the Puritans, 240, 248, 254
India, East India Company (1600), 222, 233, 335, 349
Clive's campaigns in (1751-1757), 335- 336
bad government of, 349, 350 impeachment of Hastings (1788), 349 thrown open to trade, 350 rebellion in (1857), 399
Crown becomes governor of (1857), 399 Victoria made Empress of (1876), 399 Indulgence, Declarations of religious (1673- 1688), 278, 288, 289
Industry and commerce, 6, 7, 9, 10, 50, 80, 122, 123, 130, 134, 146, 165, 177, 218, 233, 264, 313, 320, 332, 335, 342, 344, 360, 362, 395, 397, 398, 407, 419-422, 423, 424, 427, 429, 433 See also Agriculture, Commerce, Manu factures, Trade
Inoculation introduced (1721), 329 Insane, treatment of the, 416 Instrument of Government (1653), 262 Insurance, Workmen's Compulsory, 438
Intemperance (18th century), 338 "Intolerable Acts" (George III), 345 Inventions, notable, 127, 182, 319, 361, 363, 381, 418, 419. See also Cannon, Cotton Manufactures, Gas, Gunpowder, Locomo- tive, Matches, Photography, Steamboat, Steam Engine, Telegraph, Telephone Ireland, early history of, 83 (and note 1) Poynings's Act (1494), 181 (note 1) insurrection in (1595), 226
Raleigh introduces the potato into, 396 what Raleigh said of, 228 Elizabeth's war in, 228
James I colonizes (1611), 241, 301 Protestantism in, 241
insurrection in (1641), 258
Charles II proclaimed King in (1649), 258 Cromwell's campaign in (1649), 258, 266 many Catholics of, driven West (1653), 258
Irish sold as slaves (1653), 259 James II lands in (1689), 301 Act of Attainder in (1689), 301 Orangemen in North of (1689), 301 rebellion of Irish Catholics (1689), 302 battle of the Boyne (1690), 302 treaty of Limerick (1691), 302 soldiers go to France (1691), 302 Catholics of, hunted down, 303
ports of England and colonies closed to, 303
Dean Swift on the misery of, 358 so-called Irish Parliament (1782), 358 Society of United Irishmen, 358 rebellion in (1798), 359
union of Great Britain and (1800), 359 Emmet's effort to free (1803), 360 English ports opened to, 360 freedom of trade granted to, 360 the Irish vote reduced (1829), 372 efforts to repeal the Act of Union, 372 the famine in (1845-1846), 396 English Church in, disestablished (1869), 404
great distress in (1876-1879), 407 the Land League in (1879), 408 second Irish Land Act (1881), 408 Home Rule Bill for (1893), 424 excessive taxation of (1897), 424
local self-government granted to (1898), 424
condition of, has improved (1911), 424 Home Rule Bill (1914), 439-443 "Ironsides," Cromwell's (1645), 253, 258
Jacobites (1689), 296, 326, 334
James I, King, by act of Parliament, 234 appearance and character, 235 the Puritan Petition (1603), 235-237 Hampton Court Conference (1604), 236 translation of the Bible, 236 Puritans must conform, 237
proclaims the Divine Right of Kings, 237,
James I, King, the Pilgrims, 239-241 colonizes Ireland (1611), 241 creates baronets, 242
beheads Sir Walter Raleigh (1618), 242 impeachment of Bacon (1621), 242 first regular newspaper (1622), 241 legacy to Prince Charles (1625), 243 James, Duke of York, and Exclusion Bill, 279 James II, King, efforts to exclude from the throne, 279
his Proclamation (1685), 284
his two chief objects, 284
restores Roman Catholic worship (1685), 284
punishment of Titus Oates, 284 Monmouth's Rebellion (1685), 286 Jeffreys's Bloody Assizes" (1685), 286 his cruel nature, 287, 294
efforts to reestablish Catholicism, 287 the slave of Louis XIV, 288 Declarations of Indulgence (1687), 288, 289
action about Magdalen College, 289 and seven bishops (1688), 289-291 birth of a son (the "Pretender"), 291-
Jesuits come to England, 212
many put to death, 215 danger from the, 223
Jews, in England, 60, 78, 80
money extorted from, 93, 94, 107, 116 many killed in riots, 94
expelled from England (1290), 115 Cromwell permits their return, 264 excluded from Toleration Act (1689), 297 admitted to Parliament (1858), 403 "Jingo" policy, the, 431
Joan of Arc burned (1431), 157 John, King, called "Lackland," 98 three momentous quarrels, 98 murder of Prince Arthur, 98 loses Normandy (1204), 99 results of loss of Normandy, 99 quarrels with the Pope (1208), 100 the Pope deposes him, 100-101 does homage to the Pope (1213), 101 his tyranny and brutality, ior the nation against him, 101-102 the Great Charter demanded, 101-102 grants Magna Carta (1215), 102 terms and value of Magna Carta, 102-104 his efforts to break the Charter, 104, 105
John, King, his death (1216), 105 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 306 (and note), 364 Jubilees, Victoria's two (1887, 1897), 411 Judges, mentioned, 279, 286, 294, 300 Junius" attacks George III, 350 Juries, grand, organized (1176), 90 Jury, origin of trial by (1350), 90-91 Justice, administration of, 46, 47, 58, 59, 68, 72, 73, 86, 90-91
Jutes, the, enter Britain (449), 23
King, the, how chosen, 38, 43, 72 later had great power, 62, 72
power limited by Charters, etc., 67, 83, 102, 114, 245, 298, 299
limited by Commons and Cabinet, 110, 112-113, 299, 324 326, 380
no power over nation's purse, 129 has no veto, 386
little power over army and navy, 297
the President more powerful than the, 386
"King's Evil," touching for the, 306 Kings, descent of, 30, xxxiv (Appendix) Kitchener, Lord, 428
Knights and knighthood, 77, 78, 93, 126, 127
Labor, what primitive man did, 4
much, in early times, not free, 18, 25, 45 (note), 50, 51, 57, 74, 75, 97 manual, done by the monks, 28 grievously oppressed by King John, 101 Magna Carta protects (1215), 104, 141, guilds or unions in early times, 146 effects of the Plague on (1349), 103-132 a thirty years' strike (14th century), 130-
laborers heavily taxed (1381), 134 insurrection of (1381), 134-135 bondage of, abolished, 135
secures share in government of towns, 146
distress of laboring classes, 200, 204, 320, 361, 369, 395, 411
had little freedom to seek work, 320 restrictions on, in American colonies, 342 effect of machinery on, 361
had no real political freedom (1830), 375 no power to combine (1834), 419 severe punishment for combining, 419 few workmen could vote, 392 advantage of savings banks to, 427 advantage of newspapers to (1855), 397 effect of free schools on (1870), 406, 417 trade unions formed (1872), 403, 420
and cheap railway fares, 418
first uses the "boycott" (1879), 408 great liberty granted to (1906), 420 (and note 2)
strikes of, and law of (1906), 420
effect of extension of vote on (1884), 413,
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