northern coast of Ireland, and there eluded the search of his enemies.15

A miserable destiny awaited his friends and partisans whom he had left in Scotland.

An ordinance was issued by Edward in council, commanding the guardian of Scotland " to make proclamation, that all the people of the country do search for, and pursue, all who have been in arms against the English government, and have not delivered themselves up; and also, all who have been guilty of other crimes; and that they apprehend them dead or alive." And declaring, "That they who are negligent in the discharge of this duty, shall forfeit their castles, and be imprisoned during the King's pleasure.""

The guardian was also commanded to punish, at his discretion, all who harboured the offenders described in the proclamation.

Farther, it was ordered, that all who were at the slaughter of Comyn, or were abettors of that deed, or voluntarily and knowingly harboured the guilty persons, or their accomplices, should be drawn and hanged.

And that all who were already taken, or might hereafter be taken in arms, and all who harboured them, should be hanged or beheaded.

* This island is described by Mr Donald Monro, Dean of the Isles, 1549, in the following words: "On the south-west frae the promontory of Kintyre, upon the coast of Irland, be four myle to land, layes an iyle, callit Rachlaine, pertaining to Irland, and possessit thir mony yeires by Clan Donald of Kintyre, four myles long, and twa myle braide, guid land, inhabit and manurit;" Description of the Western Isles, p. 6.

As for those, who, having been in arms, had surrendered themselves, it was ordered, that the most distinguished and dangerous offenders among them should be imprisoned during the King's plea

sure.

And that all persons, whether of the ecclesiastical order, or laymen, who had willingly espoused the party of Bruce, or who had procured, or exhorted the people of Scotland to rise in rebellion, should, upon conviction, be imprisoned during the King's pleasure.

With regard to the commons, who might have been constrained to take up arms, a discretionary power of fining or ransoming them was committed to the guardian.

This ordinance was rigorously enforced.

The wife of Bruce, and Marjory his daughter by a former marriage, dreading to be besieged in Kildrummie, fled to the sanctuary of St Duthac, at Tain in Ross-shire." The Earl of Ross violated the sanctuary, and delivered them to the English.t

* " Preschantz le people d'Escose de lever contre le ley;" Ryley, p. 510. Tyrrel, vol. iii. b. 9. p. 174. has committed several errors in his translation of this ordinance.

+ M. Westm. relates, p. 454. that Bruce, returning from his coronation, said to his wife, "Yesterday we were Earl and Countess, now we are King and Queen;" and that she answered, "You may be a summer King, but, I suppose, you will not be a winter King;" that Bruce, enraged at this contemptuous speech, would have killed her, had not the by-standers prevented him: That, however, he banished her to Ireland; and that the Earl of Ulster, her father, transmitted her to the English King. These circumstances may be considered as fabulous. The directions given for the entertainment of Elizabeth, the wife of The Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Bruce, was committed to close confinement in the castle of Berwick.*18

Bruce, are preserved in Foedera, T. ii. p. 1013. She was to be conveyed to the manor of Brustewick: To have a waitingwoman, and a maid-servant, advanced in life, sedate, and of good conversation: A butler, two men-servants, and a footboy, for her chamber, sober, and not riotous, to make her bed, ("Eit ele un garzon a pée, por demorer en sa chambre, tiel qi soit sobre et ne un riotous, por son lit faire):" Three greyhounds when she inclines to hunt: Venison, fish, and the fairest house in the manor. This unfortunate lady was removed to another prison in 1308; Foedera, T. iii. p. 94. In 1312, she was removed to Windsor castle, twenty shillings weekly being allowed for her maintenance; ibid. p. 302. 396. She was committed to the castle of Rochester in 1314; ibid. p. 475. She was not set at liberty till towards the close of 1314; ibid. 489. 496. -Marjory, the daughter of Bruce, was given in charge to Henry Percy; Foedera, T. ii. p. 1014.

* M. Westm. p. 455. says, "Capitur etiam et illa impiissima conjuratrix de Buchan, de qua consultus Rex, ait, quia gladio non percussit, gladio non peribit; verum, propter illicitam conjurationem quam fecit, in domicilio lapideo et ferreo, in modum coronae fabricato, firmissimè obstruatur, et apud Bervicum sub dio forinsecus suspendatur, ut sit data, in vita et post mortem, speculum viatoribus, et opprobrium sempiternum." Other English historians, copying M. Westm. have said the same thing. We cannot, therefore, blame Abercrombie for saying, "She was put in a wooden cage, shaped like a crown, and in that tormenting posture hung out from high walls, or turrets, to be gazed upon and reproached by the meanest of the multitude;" vol. i. p. 579. Heming ford, vol. i. p. 221. relates the story in a manner somewhat different. He says, that the Earl of Buchan, her husband, sought to kill her for her treason; but that Edward restrained him, and ordered her to be confined in a wooden cage.

The intentions of Edward I. touching the durance of the Countess of Buchan, will be more certainly learnt from his own orders, than from the report of M. Westminster. His orders run thus : " By letters under the privy seal, be it commanded, that the chamberlain of Scotland, or his deputy at Berwick upon Tweed, do, in one of the turrets of the said castle, and in the place which he shall find most convenient, cause construct a cage

William of Lambyrton, Bishop of St Andrews, owed his preservation to the dignity of his ecclesiastical character." Edward would have inflicted a capital punishment on him, had he been a layman; and, indeed, the duplicity of his conduct merited the severest vengeance.

The Stewart of Scotland had given his eldest son, Andrew, as an hostage to Edward.* Edward placed him with the Bishop of St Andrews. On

strongly latticed with wood, (de fuist, i. e. beams of timber or palisades), cross-barred, and secured with iron, in which he shall put the Countess of Buchan.

" And that he take care that she be so well and safely guarded therein, that in no sort she may issue therefrom.

" And that he appoint one or more women of Berwick, of English extraction, and liable to no suspicion, who shall minister to the said Countess in eating and drinking, and in all things else convenient, in her said lodging-place.

"And that he do cause her to be so well and strictly guarded in the cage, that she may not speak with any one, man or woman, of the Scottish nation, or with any one else, saving with the women who shall be appointed to attend her, or with the guard who shall have the custody of her person.

" And that the cage be so constructed that the Countess may have therein the convenience of a decent chamber, (esement de chambre courtoise); nevertheless, that all things be so well and surely ordered, that no peril arise touching the right custody of the said Countess.

"And that he to whom the charge of her is committed shall be responsible, body for body, and that he be allowed his charges;" Foedera, T. ii. p. 1014.

Such were the orders of Edward I. and he surely was not a man who would suffer his orders to be disobeyed. Here, indeed, there is a detail concerning the custody of a female prisoner, which may seem ridiculously minute, but which is inconsistent with the story related by M. Westminster, and other historians.

To those who have no notion of any cage but one for a parrot or a squirrel, hung out at a window, I despair of rendering this mandate intelligible.

hearing of the slaughter of Comyn, Edward demanded back the youth, probably with a view of securing the fidelity of his father. The bishop, instead of restoring his charge, put him into the hands

of Bruce.*

It appears, also, that the bishop had been accused to Pembroke, the guardian, of having had some share in the slaughter of Comyn; the bishop not only asserted his innocence of the charge, but also disclaimed any concern in the insurrection, and offered to make every sort of submission to the King of England.t

* This singular incident is to be found in the answers made by the Bishop of St Andrews, when he was examined before commissioners appointed by Edward, at Newcastle, 9th August 1306. "Objectum fuit adhuc praefato Domino Episcopo, per praedictum Dominum Robertum de Cotingham, quod cum Dominus Rex Angliae eidem Episcopo, tanquam illi de quo prae caeteris terrae suae Scotiae, tam nobilibus quam praelatis, confidebat, personam Andreae filii et haeredis Domini Jacobi Senescalli Scotiae tradiderit custodiendam, auditoque demum, tam de modo (l. murdro) et interfectione quondam Domini Johannis Comyn Domini de Badenaugh, quam infidelitate, rebellione, et excogitata nequitia Roberti de Brus, et eidem adhaerentium, eidem Episcopo per suas literas mandaverat, quod statim visis suis literis dictum Andream eidem Domino Regi remandaret; quare idem Episcopus regio mandato praedicto recepto et intellecto non paruit, sed ipsum Andream dicto Roberto de Brus, ejusdem Domini Regis Angliae inimico notorio et proditori, liberavit. Palam et expressè cognovit organo vocis suae Episcopus prelibatus, quod negare non potuit bono modo quin ipse eundem Andream dicto Roberto de Brus, etiam postquam dictum mandatum regium receperat, ut praemittitur, liberaverat, et non potuit inde (sic MS.) ut dicebat;" MS. Records, London.

+ This also is to be learnt from the same records. The Bishop of St Andrews thus writes to the Earl of Pembroke : " A noble houme e sage Monsieur Aymar de Valence, Seygneur de Montignak, lieutenant nostre Seygneur le Roi en les parties d'Escoce, William par la grace de Dieu Evesque de St Andrew, salut en Dieu. Sachez nous par nostre volonté estre obligé a