Formal Organizations: A Comparative Approach

Administrative Science Quarterly American Sociological Review analysis assembly line authoritarian authority automation behavior bureaucratic caseworkers cent characteristics circle groups City Agency clients cohesion colleagues communication competition complex concern conflict consultation coordination County Agency decisions develop differentiation discussion effective employees example experience factors findings firms formal organizations Free Press function Glencoe Gouldner Harvard University hierarchical homophily Human Relations incentive increased independent individuals Industrial influence informal status interaction interest Journal of Sociology labor leaders less loyalty managerial mechanisms Melman ment Morris Janowitz Muzafer Sherif norms observation officials operations organizational orientation participation patterns peers performance personnel persons problems procedures processes proclient productivity profes professional rational reciprocity Reinhard Bendix responsibility result Robert K role Ronald Lippitt Seymour Melman situation social support society Sociometry staff subordinates suggest superior supervision supervisors Talcott Parsons task tend tion types union Weber workers York