8 Steam-Carriages.-Fotherby, Lincolnshire. tivity to commerce and enterprise in all such distant parts, without detracting from those advantages already enjoyed by districts contiguous to our coaleries. It would extend the limits of this paper beyond due bounds to enter into all the benefits that this country would derive if the whole kingdom possessed such advantages as those in the immediate vicinity of our great coal basins. Even in the article of manure alone, the benefits would be almost incalculable, if coal could be obtained in abundance in the southern counties for lime-burning. I shall therefore close my present remarks by a few observations on the advantages that would necessarily accrue to Agriculture, if Steam Carriages could be applied on a large scale for the conveyance of raw produce and manure. It is well known that in many clay districts enterprising farmers consider chalk so valuable for amending the staple of the soil, as to employ a team for the conveyance of chalk from a distance of many miles, at an expense of one day's work, of four horses and a man, or at a cost of 20 to 25 shillings per waggon load. Now if steam-power were substituted for such purpose in lieu of horses, can there be a doubt that it would be attended with the most decided advantages? Or, instead of the dreadful wear and tear of horses and harness in drawing chalk, stone, bricks, &c. from the quarry, would it not save an incredible deal of labour, if the proprietor of a chalk-pit were to keep a steam carriage in constant work for a given period in carting chalk from the quarry to the road-side, or to the lands adjacent, as may be found desirable, by the parties interested? Again, what an immense saving in outlay and keep for horses might be effected by substituting steam tug-carriages for conveying agricultural produce to market, on every great line of road leading to market towns; more especially in districts where fuel is abundant? By the use of iron rail-roads, and diminished friction, an enormous increase of power is attained in locomotive engines, yet by the distribution of the load from one carriage to several carriages, so as to prevent the wheels cutting the road, together with the use of broad tire wheels (as recommended by the Committee) for the [Jan. steam tug-carriage, incalculable advantages would result from the employment of steam in lieu of horses, both in the various operations connected with rural economy, as well as in the transit of goods for hire and for the conveyance of passengers on every great road in the kingdom. Yours, &c. MR. URBAN, A. A. Louth, Sept. 1. IN 1817 I sent you a short account of the parish of Fotherby, co. Lincoln, which is inserted in your vol. LXXXVII. ii. p. 207. I now communicate a few additional notes. The church is situated nearly in the centre of the parish, and is dedicated to St. Mary. It consists of a tower, nave, and chancel; but the upper part of the tower was taken down many years ago, and covered with a penthouse roof, like the nave. It still contains three bells: the first, or least bell, is two feet three inches in diameter; the second, two feet five inches and the third, or largest, two feet eight inches, with this inscription: "All men that hear my doleful sound, Repent before you are in the ground. 1608." In the chancel, on the south side of the altar, is a piscina.* On a tablet against the north wall of the nave is this inscription: "Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Charlotte Mitchell, relict of Mr. John Mitchell, of Boston, merchant, and daughter of the Rev. Robert Uvedale, D.D. Rector of Langton, near Spilsby, and Vicar of Swineshead, by Diana his wife, daughter of Bennet Langton, of Langton, esquire. She died at Louth, August 29, 1826, aged 51, and is buried here. This tablet was erected by her affectionate brothers, the Rev. Robert Uvedale, M.A. Vicar of this parish and of Hogsthorpe, and the Rev. Washbourne Uvedale, B.A. Vicar of Kirmond and of Markby, in this county." ARMS Sable, a fess between three mascles Or; impaling, Argent, a cross moline Gules. On a slab in the chancel is a short inscription in memory of Mr. Daniel Allenby, who died in 1790; and of his wife, who died in 1791. In the churchyard are three altar-tombs, in memory of Mr. George Richmond, who died in The original use of piscina in churches is satisfactorily explained in Gent. Mag, vol. LXVII. ii. 649. 1832.] Trinity Church, Little Queen-street, Holborn. 1759, aged 77; of Mr. Joseph Shaw, TRINITY CHURCH, LITTLE-QUEEN-ST. HOLBORN.-Architect, Bedford. THE front of this building, which ranges with the houses on the western side of the street, is represented in our engraving, (see Plate I.) and is the only portion of the structure which is not concealed by the adjacent houses. This front is made into five divisions; in the centre is a large window of four lights with circular tracery in the style of the fourteenth century, the points of the several sweeps being ornamented with balls, a favourite decoration of the carpenter's gothic school. The succeeding divisions have porches with pointed entrances, and decorated with small arched ornaments; over them is a sort of lancet window. The outer divisions of the front are merely blank walls, to mask the flanks of the building; each of these portions has an entrance, which is lintelled instead of being arched. The finish of the elevation is a parapet, ornamented with a continuous series of small arches, and the central division rises to a gable; two tall unsightly pinnacles are also added in a poor attempt at ornament. Above the gable in the centre is placed the steeple, consisting of a turret and spire, of small dimensions. The turret, which rises from the apex of the gable, being placed over the opening of a large window, has an awkward appearance; but, as if the architect had anticipated an apparent instability from this cause, he has GENT. MAG. January, 1832. 9 propped it up with two flying buttresses, somewhat stouter than a man's arm. An octangular story, and a spire succeed; the latter is pierced near the summit, and the light in consequence showing through the structure, gives it an appearance of flimsiness which no ancient building ever possessed. The flanks of the church not being intended to be seen, are built as plainly as possible; the wall is merely made into five divisions, by pilaster buttresses; in each division is a window of two lights, the points of the sweeps being ornamented with balls, as the eastern one. In the western division is another lintelled entrance. The west front is in the same unornamented style. On the south side is a vestry, communicating with the church by a pointed doorway. THE INTERIOR is divided into a nave and ailes by four pillars, each composed of an union of eight ogee mouldings, in pairs; the exterior points of union of each pair being worked into a fillet. The regular cluster of four columns was doubtless too common-place to suit the architect's taste; he has therefore, instead of a form so often repeated, chosen the present design, which, while it differs from all genuine and ancient examples, in itself possesses no beauty; but not being satisfied with this, these new fashioned pillars are ornamented with hoops at intervals, which girdles, by way of distinction, are very appropriately painted black. I have yet to learn the architect's authority either for the columns themselves or their ornamental bands. On the caps of these pillars rests the vaulted ceiling, which is divided in breadth into three, and in length into five compart ments, all groined with slender mouldings, and bearing a very remote resemblance to the groined roofs of pointed architecture. At the east end is a small chancel, the present being the first of Mr. Bedford's numerous buildings in which such an appendage is to be found; in this respect the favourite meeting-house character of modern churches has been departed from. The chancel is separated from the church by three arches of equal height with the roof, the openings of different forms; the centre being less acutely pointed than the [Jan. 10 Dr. Tho. Morgan, Author of the "Moral Philosopher." are told that "he was in early life a This church is situate in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields; it will accommodate in pews 809, which added to 1171 for whom free seats are provided, makes the total accommodation 1980. The amount of the contract was 88311. 78. The first stone was laid on the 21st Aug. 1829, and the Church was consecrated on the 9th Feb. 1831. E. I. C. Mr. URBAN, Jan. 3. CIRCUMSTANCES which it is unnecessary to detail, have occasioned me to make some enquiries respecting THOMAS MORGAN, Author of the "Moral Philosopher;" of whom I believe no distinct biographical Memoir exists: yet he at one time powerfully excited the attention of the literary world as a staunch and bitter polemic, and as a physician obtained some not undeserved celebrity. If you think the few memorials of him I have been able to collect, deserving of preservation in the Gentleman's Magazine, they are much at your service. Soon after the year 1720, Thomas Morgan began to entertain and to promulgate opinions on theological subjects, not at all in accordance with those of his congregation, and he published several controversial tracts on subjects of Theology, in which freedom of opinion and asperity of language were conspicuous. At length his congregation became so much dissatisfied as to wish not to retain his services, and he was dismissed from the ministry. He now directed his studies to Medicine, and having obtained a diploma, constituting him M.D. he settled at Bristol in hopes of acquiring practice; but not succeeding in that city, he removed to London, and occupied a house in Union-court, Broad-street. His success as a Physician was not great, yet it may be collected from two medical works, which he published, viz. "The Philosophical Principles of Medicine," which went through three editions, and "the Mechanical Prac- Monthly Repository for 1818, p. 735. 1832.] Dr. Tho. Morgan, Author of the "Moral Philosopher." course of bark: and was a strong advocate for the free application of blisters :-to remove one of the painful consequences of which remedy, he proposes a drink, which appears likely to be beneficial in such cases; this consists of "a thin emulsion made with the pulp of roasted apples in milk and water.' " The acerbity of temper which shewed itself in his "Theological Disputations," interfered with his medical conduct, so that his brethren of the profession were not upon very good terms with him. This is always injurious to medical men. They sometimes think that, however obnoxious they may be to their medical brethren, they shall obtain the good will of the public. But this is a grievous error: the opinion of the public generally coincides with that of the profession, and he whom the profession does not uphold, seeks in vain to obtain emi nence. His occupation as a physician was not so extensive as to compel him to omit his theological researches; he found leisure to employ himself in writing "The Moral Philosopher," which was published in 1737. This work at once excited great attention. Its doctrines were assailed by many eminent and able polemics, and were as stoutly defended by the author, who in 1739 published a second volume of "the Moral Philosopher,' containing Tracts in defence of his opinions; and in 1740 a third volume. But though his pen was ready and his answers acute, his arguments were fallacious and unconvincing. His opponents, it is true, did not always use the evidences in their favour to the best advantage, and therefore he sometimes gave them hard knocks, but could never beat them out of the field. In the midst of all this, the popular feeling began to go against him; he was generally believed to entertain atheistical opinions, though they were in reality deistical, and the little practice he had as a physician was diminished by vituperations on his moral character. Whether before this time he had addicted himself to excessive drinking, or whether the vexation and disappointment, which now beset him, led to intemperance, cannot be ascertained; but towards the close of his life, in 11 dulgence in drink became his great failing. His death took place in 1743, and it is thus announced in the Gentleman's Magazine of that year: "Jan. 14. Thomas Morgan, M.D. in Broad-street, Author of the Moral Philosopher and other Tracts, and is said to have died with a true Christian resignation." Dr. Morgan left a widow in narrow circumstances, and an only son, Nathaniel. Unfortunately the father was too much engaged in investigating the more abtruse doctrines of theology, to attend properly to the education of his son, who in consequence grew up in idle and irregular habits. Young Morgan had a cousin Nathaniel Potticary, descended from a family of that name at Trowbridge and Warminster. These two cousins undertook a roving commercial enterprise to Spanish America; but being unable to escape the jealous apprehensiveness of the Spanish authorities, were both taken prisoners and sent separately up the country. Of Potticary no certain intelligence ever reached his friends, but Morgan made his escape, and after many perils reached Jamaica. Here he became acquainted with the widow of a planter in good circumstances, whom he married, and had a son named after his grandfather, Thomas. This boy, together with a half brother by the first husband, was sent to England for education, and he returned to Jamaica in 1784. Whether he be still living, or what fate befell him, is not known. He bewil Such is the brief information I have been able to obtain, of a man whose intellectual attainments might have enabled his name to descend to posterity, in the same honourable list as those of Watts, Lardner, Lowman, and others; whose writings are held in deserved esteem and veneration, or he might have ranked high as a physician and pathologist. But ill-directed enquiries led him into error. dered himself by attempting to deveiope the intricacies of theology; he lost the friendship of his relations and of all who entertained serious religious sentiments; he contributed to keep alive an extensively spread opinion, untrue assuredly as a general proposition, that the members of the medical profession are prone to freethinking, or indifference as to religion; he 12 Communication of the Cholera through Shipwreck. shortened his life by intemperance; he left a widow in poverty, and was the cause of his son's alienation from his home and his country. His life and his writings, instead of being referred to as bright examples of honour and talent, must be held up as a warning; and happy those, who from his fate may be deterred from hastily and inconsiderately endeavouring to overturn doctrines which have stood, and will continue to stand, firm against all such vain efforts to overthrow them. Yours, &c. Ἱλαρανθρωπος. Jan. 14. Mr. URBAN, OBSERVING a communication from one of your correspondents in your magazine for December, p. 483, on that all engrossing subject, the disease termed Cholera,-allow me to offer a few remarks on a part of the subject, which relates to the possibility of propagating the malady from the infected districts to other parts of the kingdom, in a way which your correspondent seems not to have taken into consideration, but which appears to me extremely probable, considering the magnitude of the Coal trade between the ports of Newcastle, Shields, Sunderland, and Seaham, with the other ports of the kingdom. Let us suppose a vessel leaving the river Tyne with the crew infected with this dreadful disease, and before arriving at her destined port, she should be overtaken by a gale of wind and driven on shore. In any event, if the catastrophe of shipwreck occurs, the humanity of Englishmen is such as to render every possible aid to the sufferers, without waiting to ascertain previously from what port the ship sailed, or where it was destined. The first impulse of our nature is to aid mariners in distress; and sorry should I be, even to be suspected of recommending that sort of deliberation in cases of extremity which should, under motives of precaution or contingent exemption from evil, prevent men from doing their duty to their fellow-creatures in distress. Yet it is possible, and by no means improbable, that during the severe gales of the winter and spring season such an event might occur as a vessel having the Cholera on board, being stranded on some part of the [Jan. coast between Shields and Aberdeen on the north, and between the same port and Plymouth on the west, and as in such case the common motives of humanity would prevail in providing the best possible accommodation for the unfortunate seamen, there is certainly a possibility of this malignant and (as it is now proved) contagious disease being communicated by such means to uninfected districts. That the disease may be communicated by means of shipping (or rather by seamen) seems no longer a matter of doubt; the statement which appeared in the papers a few days since of a vessel arriving in the Firth of Forth, in which some of the crew died, having fully established the fact. Indeed I see no reason to doubt the conclusions drawn by your correspondent (p. 484), that the habits of sailors, together with the dirty state of the shipping employed in the Coal trade, affords a very fertile source for propagating the disease, through most of the ports in the east and south east part of the kingdom, unless the most rigid measures are adopted with respect to quarantine. In the case I have supposed, there would, however, be no time to deliberate about a vessel having a clean bill of health, or a foul bill of health. To aid a certain number of fellow creatures in escaping from a watery grave, is the first or rather the only consideration. In illustration of my argument, I beg leave to mention a circumstance which occurred in the month of August last at Ramsgate, at which delightful watering place I was sojourning a few weeks for the benefit of health; and should I be incorrect in any of the details, I shall feel happy in being corrected by any of your correspondents, who happened to be enjoying the saline breezes at that favourite bathing place at the time. A vessel sloop rigged, as I understood belonging to Dover, having been out in the North Sea (near the Gallopper Light) fell in with a boat having a ship's crew on board, the vessel having foundered at sea. The men having been taken on board the fisherman, stated that they had left Riga (or some other port of the Baltic infected by the Cholera, which I do not at present remember); but as the crew of the fisherman had no other alternative than that of landing the unfortunate |