Dr. Bruinier's booklet is mainly historical, but the abundant illustrative "Lieder" scattered through the text make it far from uninteresting, even if the author's flowery style sometimes conceals his meaning.
The other work is also historical in a measure, but in the main Dr. Rehm is content to give an unvarnished account of present-day customs and festivals, grouped, it must be said, in no very logical manner. Thus the first chapter includes Christmas, Easter and Whitsuntide, and four chapters later we read about spring ceremonies, as if it were possible to divorce Carnival and Easter customs from those of Mayday. There is, of course, something to be said for chronological treatment, but the arrangement adopted has nothing to recommend it. It is somewhat curious that any one should attempt a booklet on this subject without referring to Mannhardt; but though the author explains some of the customs in the same way he does not appear to have studied either Baumkultus or any other of Mannhardt's works. N. W. T.
The Bull of the Kraal, and the Heavenly Maidens: a Tale of Black Children. By DUDLEY KIDD. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1908.
MR. DUDLEY KIDD may almost be said to have invented a new type of literature. In his Savage Childhood he wrote for the grown-up anthropologist. Now, however, he has had the happy thought of introducing the British boy to Kafir children. of his own age, and has done it so cleverly that there is bound to result a sympathy which will be the making of the future anthropologist, or the future administrator of native affairs. The scheme of the book is simple enough. A white man stays a week in the kraal of which the father of the seven-year-old hero is chief, and recounts the daily doings of the children, and the tales they are told by their grandmother before going to bed. The doings are pretty well those described in the former work, though of course a touch of drama has been added. I have just submitted the chapter dealing with bird-traps to a critic of eight, and he was thrilled. I hold in reserve the
to his inmost marrow. The grandmother's tales, on the other hand (which by the way are new and curious, being literally translated from Tshindao originals), seemed somewhat to puzzle the youthful auditor. I think they were too naïve even for him. Miss Goodall's coloured illustrations are excellent, but I should like to know if the flamingo-coloured wings of the Heavenly Maidens are according to native authority. In the picture they strike one as bizarre, though I confess I can frame no better image of what a naked black angel ought to look like. R. R. MARETT.
Sånglekår fran Nääs, af OTTO HELLGREN. Pp. 139.
THIS little work contains an interesting collection of the popular dance-songs of Sweden with the airs to which they are sung, and a full description of the figures of the dances. Its publication forms part of the movement for reviving these dances and songs, and giving them a wider vogue through the medium of the primary schools. During a During a recent visit to Sweden I was privileged, through the kindness of Prof. J. R. Rydberg, to witness the performance of many of these dances by a large assembly of teachers of primary schools, both male and female, who had been gathered together for extension lectures at the University of Lund. They were carried through with great spirit and success. This book contains all the information necessary for organising these dances; a slight knowledge of Swedish is all that is required.
Most of the songs seem to be old folksongs with old airs; but many are no doubt modern, and some are borrowed from other lands, including a few from England.
Books for Review should be addressed to
THE EDITOR OF Folk-Lore,
c/o DAVID NUTT,
Aberdeenshire, see Balmoral; Craigour hill; Durris; Kinedward; and Nigg, bay of
Abortion, see Birth customs and beliefs
Abruzzi (see also Cocullo; Intro- dacqua; Pratola Peligna; Scanno ; and Sulmona); incubation, 313-5 (plate)
Absent Husband type of folktales, 153 Abydos (Egypt); road of souls, 184 Accidents, amulets against, Cologne,
83-4, Flanders, 206-7
Accounts of Folk-Lore Society, 10-1 Achewa: 254; female descent, 255 Achilles, Greek hero, 64, 67, 73, 163 Achipeta, see Achewa
Adare: headless coach, 321 Adder stone, 365
Adders Swallowing their Young, by E. Peacock, 473-4
Adelaide burial customs, 394-5; divination of causer of death, 395-6 Adisa, daughter of Styr, 158 Adityavarman, tale of, 156 Admetus and Alkestis, saga of, 62 Ægean islands, see Greek islands Aegi, hill of: magical pitchers &c., 72 Aegis, see Shields
Aeolus island of, 176, 184; keeper of winds, 185
Aetion, barrow of, Iliad, 66 Afreet, Egyptian: in animal shapes, 471-2; eats fire, 472; fire keeps off, 472; knife controls, 471 Africa: (see also Algeria; Amazulu; Angoniland; Ashanti; Basutos; Bushman; Congo Free State; Dahomey; Damaraland; Egypt; Gazaland; Gold Coast; Hottentots; Kafirs; Morocco; Nigeria; Nyassa- land; Transvaal; and Uganda); Kidd's Kafir Socialism and the Dawn of Individualism: an Intro- duction to the Study of the Native Problem reviewed, 252-4; secret societies, 371; west, zodiac rings from, 214, 294
Agamede, daughter of Augeias, 60-1
Agamemnon, King, see King Aga-
Agnation or father-right: Amazulu, 255; Australia, 102-3; Nyassaland, 255
Agnus Dei cakes, 203, 206 Agricultural folklore: (see also Corn;
Corn spirits, vegetation souls, and the like; Harvest customs and be- liefs; and Sowing customs and beliefs); amongst Celto-Latins, 368; charm against blight, Kerry, 323 Ahmed the orphan, tale of, 156 Aigai: Aigeus derived from, 239 Aigeus name for Poseidon, 239 Ainu Amazon legend, 161 Aisholt camp and battle tradition, 36 Ala-ud-din, tale of, 62 Albino head of ndembo society, Lower Congo, 423; incarnation of water spirit, Lower Congo, 422-3; powers of, Lower Congo, 422-3 Alcinous, King, see King Alcinous Alexander the Two-horned, 507 Alexandros, in Iliad, 59 Algeria amulet, 223 Ali Baba, tale of, 187 Alice Springs, see Arranda tribe Alkestis, in Iliad, 62
All Father, see Deity, conceptions of Alnaschar type of folktales, 117 Aloe-tree leaves as amulet, Rhodes, 469 (plate)
Aloidae, the, 162-3
Amazons: in Iliad &c., 160-2; in saga of Bellerophon, 157
Amazulu: bangles as amulets, England, 294; circumcision, 284; father-right derived from, Nyanja, 255; folk- tale, 165; language, 281 Amber amuletic, 365, Flanders, 208-9
America, see Central America; North
America; and South America Amulets and talismans, 71, 83-9, 131, 200-24 (plates), 258, 288-303 (plates), 314, 340-2, 361-6, 419, 431-2, 469- 70 (plate), 474-5
Amulets used in Lincolnshire, by
Amyntor: Autolycus steals from, 181 Anapu, in Egyptian tale, 156 Anatolia folktale, 310-11; praying for rain, 308-12; prehistoric popu- lation, 58
Ancestors: worshipped, Balemba, 286 Anchor as amulet, England, 293, Flanders, 204, Portugal, 218-9 (plate), 222 (plate) Angipena burial customs, 394 Anglesey :
Bees and Withered Branches, by H. H. Johnson, 339 Angoniland, see Achewa; Nyanja; and Yao
Animals in folklore: (see also Antelope; Ape; Baboon; Badger; Bat; Bear; Birds in folklore; Buffalo; Camel; Cat; Cattle; Centipede; Coyote; Deer; Dingo; Dog; Donkey; Dragon; Earthworm; Eland; Ele- phant; Fish in folklore; Fox; Goat; Gryphon; Hare; Hedgehog; Horse; Insects in folklore; Jackal; Kyang; Leopard; Lion; Monkey; Mouse; Mule; Musk-deer; Newt; Opossum; Panther; Pig; Rabbit; Rat; Reptiles in folklore; Sea-cow; Seal; Shao; Sheep; Shrew-mouse; Slow-worm; Sponge; Squirrel; Tiger; Unicorn; Wallaby; Wer- beasts; Whale; Wolf; Wood- worm; Yak; and Zebra); amulets to protect, Flanders, 206-7, Italy, 211; clan names from, Panjab, 268; in folktales, 17-8, 23, 25; head of slain beast Gorgoneion on deity's aegis, 70; language known to Melampus, 62; language, means to understand, 64-5; living animal put into idol, China, 91; St. Anthony the Hermit patron of domestic animals, Flanders, 210; speaking, in jatakas, 114 Animism: amongst
368-9; in Homeric poems, 63; Lower Niger, 498 Annual Meeting, 3-4; Report of Council, 5-11 Anodyne necklace, 292
Ant: red earth of nests as delicacy
and remedy, Lower Congo, 419 Anteia, in saga of Bellerophon, 156 Antelope blood offered at great hunter's grave, Lower Congo, 433; in folktale, Nyanja, 256; horn for hunting charm, Lower Congo, 432;
433-4; one-horned, Bushman draw- ing, 107; tail-tip reserved by hunter, Lower Congo, 433-5 Anthropophagy, see Cannibalism Antilochus, in Iliad, 64
Antrim: (see also Portrush); amulets, 299 (plate), 300; "grup," charm for, 299
Anyanji, see Nyanja
Ape of Java identified with pigmies, 162; in Kalilah-wa-Dimnah, 116; name of, Ila, 255
Aphrodite magic girdle of, Iliad, 70-1
Apollo in Greek cults, 239-40; in Homeric poems, 70, 162, 164-5; mouse A., 237
Apple: apples of Hesperides, 62 Apple-tree: death warning from unseasonable blossoms, Lincoln- shire, 467; from grave in folktale, 66; wassailing, Twelfth Night, Somerset, 91
Arabian Nights, 74, 153-4, 158, 161, 167, 178-9, 184, 187, 335 Arabs: folktales, 76, 154, 158, 167, 173, 178, 501-3
Arcadian, see Erymanthus ; and Phigalia
Argolis, see Lerna; and Troezen Argonauts, saga of, 60-1 Argyllshire, see Ballachulish Arion the horse, 64
Aristotle folklore in his History of Animals, 106-7
Arjuna, in Bhagavad-gitâ, 491 Arranda tribe: male descent of privi- leges, 103; marriage customs, 99- 103; totemism, 102-3
Arrow as amulet, 362, Naples, 223, Portugal, 219, 222-3; flint arrow- heads as amulets, 297, and in charm, Antrim, 299
Arsenic as amulet against plague,
Artemis: in Greek cults, 238; in Iliad, 65, 165
Arthur, King, see King Arthur Arunta tribe: conception ideas, 161; dead, disposal of, 391, 403; graves, 399; language, 391 Ashanti: female bodyguard, 161 Ashes in hunting charm, Lower Congo, 432
Ash-tree in charm against hernia, Somerset, 88
Asia, see Arabs; Asia Minor; Assyria; Babylon; Baluchistan; Chaldaea; China; Cyprus; East Indies; Edessa; India; Japan; Malay Peninsula ; Palestine ; Persia; Phoenicians; Syria; Tibet; and Turkey-in-Asia
Asia Minor: (see also Caria; Cilicia ; Lycia; Lydia ; Mysia; and Phrygia); in Homeric poems, 57; temple slaves origin of Amazon legend, 160-1
Asklepios in Iliad, 60; as snake, 60
Asoka, Emperor: wife in tale of Kunāla, 156-7 Ass, see Donkey
Assam: (see also Manipur; Meitheis; Mikirs; Moirang; and Nagas); women's village, tale of, 161 Assyria: (see also Nineveh); Pinches'
Religion of Babylonia and Assyria reviewed, 124-5
Asthma: amulet against, London, 299 Astragals, 107
Astrological amulets, 293 (plate), 295, 297, 362
Astronomical folklore: (see also Moon; Stars; Sun; and Zodiac, signs of); amongst Celto-Latins, 368; no cult of heavenly bodies, Lower Niger, 498
August: (see also Lammas); Ist, festival of Lug, Ireland &c., 384; 2nd Friday, fair, South Queens- ferry, 379; Sunday after Lammas Day, feast of St. Wilfrid, Ripon, 464-6 (plate) Ausgewählte Erzählungen aus Hem- achandras Parisishṭaparvan, by J. Hertel, reviewed, 347-52
Aus Natur und Geisteswelt, Bands 7 and 214, by J. W. Bruinier and H. S. Rehm, noticed, 508-9 Australia: (see also Carpentaria, Gulf of; New South Wales; Queens- land; South Australia; Torres Straits; Victoria; West Australia; and under names of tribes); burial customs, 53; The Disposal of the Dead in Australia, by N. W. Thomas, 388-408; languages, 388- 9; sex totemism, 484 Austro-Hungary, see Bohemia; Bosnia; Herzegovina; Hungary; Poland; and Transylvania
Autolycus, in Homeric poems, 181
Babel, tower of: in folktale, Assam, 482
Babies, see Children
Baboon as clan name, Nyanja, 255; in folktales, Hottentots, 118, Nyanja, 256, Tibet, 116, 118 Babylon: capture by Darius, 189; Pinches' Religion of Babylonia and Assyria reviewed, 124-5; spread of civilisation from, 57-8; tale, 157; writing diffused from, 155 Backwards: so looking forbidden after circumcision rites, Transvaal, 284
Badger hair as amulet, Crete, 469; skin used in harness &c., Flanders,
Asuras, in heaven-scaling legend, 163 | Badgworth: St Congar, 33 Athelney, 31, 33, 37-8
Athene in Homeric poems, 70, 73 Athens: amulets, 469; tale of Peisi- stratus, 189
Atlas, folktale of, 57
Attica: (see also Athens); Poseidon, 239; tribal society, 246 Au Bon Vieux Temps: Récits, Contes et Légendes de l'Ancien Bocage Normand: Jeux, Vieilles Chansons, by A. Madelaine, reviewed, 493 Auditors, election of, 4
Badr-al-din Hassan, tale of, 153 Bahkunji tribe: burial customs, 400; stones &c. on graves, 400 Baiame, 485
Baile and Ailinn, folktale of, 66 Balance Sheet of Folk-Lore Society, II Ba-Lauti implements of, 279 Balder: death of, 164; death ship, 494 Baldness caused by Monday hair- cutting, Ireland, 319
Balemba of the Zoutpansberg (Trans- vaal), The, by H. Junod, 258,
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