The almost inaudible bell,

generally between the donkey's eyes. however, may have been, instead of actually amuletic, only the survival of an amuletic custom, since inquiries made as to the purposes of certain very small, and similarly feeble, bells fastened to the harnesses of horses above the head, brought forth no useful information.1

Copies of claws, made of glass and mounted in metal sockets, are worn against the effect of the evil eye. One such is black, with its brass socket set with bright bits of glass (Fig. 14); another is multi-coloured, like the bunches of ribbons, and has a small metal pig, said to be for the purpose of attracting good luck, attached to its socket (Fig. 15).

Lunar crescents, usually, though not always, of silver, and human-faced, are common in Portugal. in Portugal. They occur singly (Figs. 16, 17), in sets of amulets (Figs. 34, 35, 38), and in compound amulets like the cinco seimão (Figs. 39-42). The individual crescents are worn by babies, principally to protect them from the supposed pernicious effect of the moon, which, it was said, causes an illness, luada, of the nature of stomach trouble or colic. The crescent in this form is, of course a profane amulet; it is sometimes, though rarely, changed into one to which no exception can be taken from a religious point of view, by the addition of an image of the Virgin-who is almost invariably shown, in Portuguese representations of all kinds, standing upon an upward-curving crescent moon (Fig. 18). There is a compound amulet whose basis is a crescent, the interior curve of which is formed by a smaller, and human-faced, crescent, whilst the remainder of the space is occupied by a figa, a key, and a pentangle (Fig. 19); in another form of the same amulet the crescent moon within the curve is lacking (Fig. 20). The lunar crescent appears upon almost all of the compound amulets, and in almost every set.

Small branches of red coral (Fig. 21) are worn against fascination, and also, so it was said, against troubles affecting

1 Dr. Leite de Vasconcellos has informed me, since the above was written, that the little bells borne by animals are sometimes ornamented with a cross, to enhance their virtue; also that the small bells are employed as a protection

generally between the donkey's eyes.

The almost inaudible bell,

however, may have been, instead of actually amuletic, only the survival of an amuletic custom, since inquiries made as to the purposes of certain very small, and similarly feeble, bells fastened to the harnesses of horses above the head, brought forth no useful information.1

Copies of claws, made of glass and mounted in metal sockets, are worn against the effect of the evil eye. One such is black, with its brass socket set with bright bits of glass (Fig. 14); another is multi-coloured, like the bunches of ribbons, and has a small metal pig, said to be for the purpose of attracting good luck, attached to its socket (Fig. 15).

Lunar crescents, usually, though not always, of silver, and human-faced, are common in Portugal. in Portugal. They occur singly (Figs. 16, 17), in sets of amulets (Figs. 34, 35, 38), and in compound amulets like the cinco seimão (Figs. 39-42). The individual crescents are worn by babies, principally to protect them from the supposed pernicious effect of the moon, which, it was said, causes an illness, luada, of the nature of stomach trouble or colic. The crescent in this form is, of course a profane amulet; it is sometimes, though rarely, changed into one to which no exception can be taken from a religious point of view, by the addition of an image of the Virgin-who is almost invariably shown, in Portuguese representations of all kinds, standing upon an upward-curving crescent moon (Fig. 18). There is a compound amulet whose basis is a crescent, the interior curve of which is formed by a smaller, and human-faced, crescent, whilst the remainder of the space is occupied by a figa, a key, and a pentangle (Fig. 19); in another form of the same amulet the crescent moon within the curve is lacking (Fig. 20). The lunar crescent appears upon almost all of the compound amulets, and in almost every set.

Small branches of red coral (Fig. 21) are worn against fascination, and also, so it was said, against troubles affecting

1 Dr. Leite de Vasconcellos has informed me, since the above was written, that the little bells borne by animals are sometimes ornamented with a cross, to enhance their virtue; also that the small bells are employed as a protection