Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration from Western MexicoUniversity of California Press, 1990 M02 7 - 348 páginas Return to Aztlan analyzes the social process of international migration through an intensive study of four carefully chosen Mexican communities. The book combines historical, anthropological, and survey data to construct a vivid and comprehensive picture of the social dynamics of contemporary Mexican migration to the United States. |
Contenido
STRATEGIES OF MIGRATION | 174 |
A TYPOLOGY OF MIGRANTS | 180 |
CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANT STRATEGIES | 184 |
CASE STUDIES OF MIGRANT STRATEGIES | 191 |
MIGRATION AND THE LIFE CYCLE | 197 |
MIGRATION AND THE HOUSEHOLD BUDGET | 210 |
SUMMARY | 213 |
The Socioeconomic Impact of Migration in Mexico | 216 |
| 20 | |
| 22 | |
| 26 | |
A SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE | 29 |
THE AGRARIAN ECONOMIES OF ALTAMIRA AND CHAMITLAN | 33 |
SUMMARY | 36 |
Historical Development of International Migration THE MACROHISTORICAL CONTEXT | 39 |
MICROHISTORY OF A TRADITIONAL TOWN | 44 |
MICROHISTORY OF A COMMERCIAL AGRARIAN TOWN | 62 |
MICROHISTORY OF AN INDUSTRIAL TOWN | 79 |
A DIFFERENT HISTORICAL ROLE | 95 |
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE | 106 |
Current Migration Patterns | 110 |
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIP | 116 |
DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND OF MIGRANTS | 124 |
SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF MIGRANTS | 129 |
SOCIOECONOMIC SELECTION OF MIGRANTS | 133 |
SUMMARY | 138 |
The Social Organization of Migration | 139 |
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NETWORKS | 147 |
FORMATION OF DAUGHTER COMMUNITIES | 153 |
CASE STUDIES OF NETWORK MIGRATION | 164 |
SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MIGRATION | 169 |
Migration and the Household Economy | 172 |
SPENDING PATTERNS | 217 |
HOUSING | 219 |
STANDARD OF LIVING | 225 |
BUSINESS AND EMPLOYMENT | 231 |
OWNERSHIP AND DISTRIBUTION OF FARMLAND | 236 |
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION | 241 |
CONCLUSIONS | 251 |
Integration in the United States | 255 |
THE INTEGRATION PROCESS | 256 |
PERSONAL INTEGRATION | 258 |
SOCIAL INTEGRATION | 261 |
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION | 264 |
THE EFFECT OF LEGAL STATUS | 266 |
ORIENTATION TO MEXICO | 272 |
CASE STUDIES OF INTEGRATION | 278 |
SUMMARY | 285 |
Principles of International Migration | 287 |
METHODS OF ANALYSIS | 288 |
STEPS IN THE MIGRATION PROCESS | 289 |
SUMMARY | 314 |
Conclusions | 317 |
References | 325 |
Index | 335 |
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Términos y frases comunes
abroad active migrants agricultural Altamira and Chamitlán Bracero program campesinos Colegio de Michoacán cycle documents economic ejidatarios ejido el Norte employed employment enumerated in Mexican factory farm farmworkers four communities FOUR MEXICAN COMMUNITIES Guadalajara hectares home community HOUSEFILE household heads household members enumerated households in Santiago important inactive migrants income increases industrial integration international migration Jalisco jornaleros labor land latifundios male married medieros Mexican community samples Mexican migrants Mexico City Mexico or California Michoacán MICROHISTORY migrant household members migrant networks Migrant status MIGRANTS FROM FOUR municipio nonmigrant households Number of migrants occupational out-migration paisanaje paisanos percent percentage period PERSFILE probability production relative Reparto Agrario return migration San Joaquin Valley San Marcos settled migrants settlement sharecrop social process socioeconomic sorghum Source tion town townspeople twenty-five extra households U.S. earnings U.S. migrant experience U.S. trips undocumented migrants United urban areas variables wage western Mexico
Pasajes populares
Página 153 - More migrants move to a particular place because that is where the networks lead and because that is where social connections afford them the greatest chance for success. As more migrants arrive, the range of social connections expands, making subsequent migration to that place even more likely.
Página 139 - Migrant networks consist of social ties that link sending communities to specific points of destination in receiving societies. These ties bind migrants and nonmigrants within a complex web of complementary social roles and interpersonal relationships that are maintained by an informal set of mutual expectations and prescribed behaviors.
Página 144 - Those who have been able to return are featured in the processions and liturgie acts, and in his sermon for that day, the town priest reaffirms the collective sentiment of unity, speaking of a single community and of a great family with a patron saint that looks over them. In this way, a concrete cultural manifestation of paisanaje, the saint's fiesta, has become a very important social institution supporting migration. Symbolically, it reaffirms the existence of an international network of paisanos...
Página 5 - Brown (1967, 142) in defining the auspices of migration to mean "the social structures which establish relationships between the migrant and the receiving community before he moves. We may say that an individual migrates under the auspices of kinship when his principal connections with the city of destination are through kinsmen, even if he comes desperately seeking a job. Likewise, we may say that he migrates under the auspices of work when the labor market...
Página 13 - ... collect comparable information across subjects. The ethnosurvey questionnaire is a compromise instrument that balances the goal of unobtrusive measurement with the need for standardization and quantification. It yields an interview that is informal, nonthreatening, and natural, but one that allows the interviewer some discretion about how and when to ask sensitive questions. Ultimately, it produces a standard set of reliable information that carries greater validity than that obtained using normal...
Página 200 - ... males or they tap into already established male networks. A study of Mexican migration by Massey et al. (1987), for example, is representative of this position. The authors dismiss the notion that females might play any active role in their own migration, especially if it involves surreptitious entry: ...most men are reluctant to allow their wives and daughters to undertake the hazardous crossing of the border without documents, and women are usually afraid to try. When women do go to the United...
Página 139 - ASSOCIA TIONS These patterns of provincial organization in Peru and Guatemala are expressed in differences in the organization of migration in the two countries. Migration is not simply a movement of individuals responding to economic opportunities in their place of origin and at their destination, but an organized movement based on social and economic arrangements at both local and national...
Página 5 - ... costs of international movement. People from the same community are enmeshed in a web of reciprocal obligations upon which new migrants draw to enter and find work in the receiving society. The range of social contacts in this network expands with the entry of each new migrant; thus encouraging still more migration and ultimately leading to the emergence of international migration as a mass phenomenon (Reichert 1979; Mines 1981, 1984).
Página 13 - What the method does provide is a way of understanding and interpreting the social processes that underlie the aggregate statistics. The strength of the ethnosurvey is that it provides hard information so that the social process of international migration can be described to others in a cogent and convincing way.
Página 6 - These, then, are the six basic principles that shape the ensuing analysis: that migration originates historically in transformations of social and economic structures in sending and receiving societies; that once begun, migrant networks form to support migration on a mass basis; that as international migration becomes widely accessible, families make it part of their survival strategies and use it during...