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LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1882. CONTENTS.- N° 143. NOTES:-The Extinction of Pictish, 241-Travels in the Holy Land, 242-The Royal George-Bishop Winniff-Dean Aldrich-Miss Strickland and Bishop Latimer, 244-Advanced Liberals in 1771-A Waterloo Man-Devonshire Heraldry, 245- Bees versus Bank Stock-Hansom Cabs-Sir W. Thomson at Southampton-"Cut and run "-"The Quill”Monmouthshire Folk-lore, 246-Music only-Essex Archaological Transactions, 247. QUERIES:-St. John's College, Cambridge-Ogress in Heraldry-The Dene Holes, Essex, 247-Ifield Registers-Chantry Priests-Oliver Cromwell Two Portraits "The Devil's Handwriting at Queen's College, Oxford," 248-"The Book of Accounts," &c., Basingstoke-Cutting an Infant's Hair-St. George-"Zacutus's Linkes "-Preachers-J. Marshall-Renunciation of Sport-Mardy Child-Auburn Registers, 249 Cæsarienses (Maxima et Flaviana) attended a council at Arles in Gaul, that being before Valentia was constituted a province. The natives living beyond these five districts would remain pagan, and be thus further alienated from their compatriots of the provinces, a bitterness added to exile from their fair fatherland. The word Pict first appears in history during the usurpation of Allectus, circa A.D. 296, as named in a Roman oration that has chanced to be preserved; it then becomes frequent, and, after A.D. 360, is also associated with the Scots, meaning the native Irish, for that is the real historical fact. We read of successive troubles in the north, in which accounts the Picts and Scots work together just as the Angles and Saxons did at a Germanic tribes, Picts and Scots were both Celtic tribes, and all four combined at different epochs and in different localities to destroy the religion and the civilization planted in Britain by the Romans. I say the religion, meaning Christianity par excellence; but it is quite probable that some of the hostile Picts may have retained a form of Roman paganism as distinct from the Druidic paganism of the general body, being, in fact, half-Lucas's "Studies in Nidderdale"-Seton's "Memoir of second conversion, and therefore the more formidcaste legionaries or colonists, not included in the Voyez the Potter-Authors Wanted, 250. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Travers Twiss's "Henrici de Bracton " Alexander Seton, Earl of Dunfermline"-Toller's Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary," &c. Notices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. THE EXTINCTION OF PICTISH. The Pictish language has much exercised the patience of investigators and led to the no small exhibition of inkish gall of bitters among controversialists. What we know of it is very limited, viz., that the language really resembled Welsh, but with certain phonetic divergencies. Thus, Peanfahel in Pictish is the Welsh Penguaul and the Scottish Cenail or Kinniel, meant for Wallhead. Beda further informs us that in his day there were five nations in Britain-viz., the English, say Teutons; Britons, say Welsh; Scots, meaning the Irish; Picts, not fully identified; Latins, meaning Romanized Celts-who used the language of the Latin Church. To say that the Picts are not identified simply means that their language is lost, for it cannot be doubted that they really represented that general body of native Britons who lived northwards, beyond the boundary of the Roman provinces, and had been previously classed as Caledonians. During the later years of Roman Occupation the entire pro-prætorship of Britain had embraced Christianity. We know this because in A.D. 314 three bishops, viz. one from London for Britannia Prima, one from Caer Leon for Britannia Secunda, and one from York for the able antagonists from their semi-military habits and experience. The Scots, being Irish Celts, made common cause with the Picts, who would assimilate to their allies from community of object and frequent intercourse, a result favoured alike by race, language, and topographical propinquity. The coast of Ireland at Fairhead, in Antrim, is almost within hail of Kintyre, in Argyll, and people from either side would intercommunicate, so that a sort of lingua franca, a modification of Gaelic and Cymric, would arise to facilitate their intercourse. There is no talk of Christianity in Ireland before the days of St. Patrick, so there would be Druidic priests ready to address the natives from either side of the North Channel, and able to influence the chieftains of both races so as to produce co-operation as desired. All this time there appears to have been a dynasty of native kings in North Britain beyond the bounds of Roman influence. We have mention of a King Donald A.D. 201; a King Dornadilla of A.D. 293 has left us a fort under his name in Sutherland, but we are further mystified by a desire to call it Danish. The mythical Fingal died A.D. 273, and all this before the name of Pict turns up by incidental mention of Eumenius in his address to Constantius Chlorus. Fergus II. is a really historical character of say A.D. 404, and in 420 St. Ninias is said to have converted the southern Picts of Valentia. So St. Patrick, born 372, may ethnologically be claimed as a Pict; we 1 call him a Briton of Strathclyde, and it therefore follows that Pict and Briton are, so far, convertible terms. We then hear of the Dalriad Scots led by Conval A.D. 446; Fergus McErch is at Dunstaff nage in 513; St. Columba converted the northern Picts in 556; and Bruide MacMeilan is king of the Picts 584, a dynasty perfectly distinct from that of the Dalriad Scots. The good Columba filled his little Icolmkill with missionaries, and there the national dialect was first reduced to writing, producing that language which Beda, who died in 735, called Pictish, it being the native speech of North Britain, now called Scotch Gaelic. This, however, is a mere assumption. Let us recapitulate. St. Patrick (372-464, extreme limits) must have found or produced a written speech in Ireland-he could not address the unlettered natives in Latin, scarcely in Cymric British, but he must have used a Celtic dialect which could only be the language called Erse or old Irish, the Irish of the glosses which Prof. Abel and others represent as the oldest known form of Celtic. The Manx is nothing to our argument; then comes the Scotch Gaelic of Iona; so, when Beda writes of five nations and of five languages, we must clearly understand that he could only refer to the English, the Welsh, the Latin, the Irish, and the Gaelic. It is established beyond doubt that Scotia was an old name for Ireland, and, with Beda in 735, the Scots were Irish and the Picts were predatory tribes from North Britain, and his definition seems quite incontrovertible. It is certain that Caledonia could not be called Scotland until after 843, when Kenneth II., having defeated Brudus VII., the last of the Pictish dynasty, the united Picts and Scots were able to make head against the Danes; so when Beda wrote of the Scottish language he meant the old Irish, when he wrote of the Pictish he meant the Scotch Gaelic, which might very well be called ScotoPictish, just as we refer to the old English as AngloSaxon. Beda notices the substitution of ƒ or ph for gu or w in wall, which phonetic peculiarity is still alive, for in Angus, the great seat of Pictish tradition, the natives are reported to say far for where, fan for when; this is just what Beda refers to; so we find that the Picts survive though Pictish is extinct. There is another word—the Welsh gwyn, for white, or fair, is the Pictish finn or fionn, and still preserved in Gaelic. Pictish, however, is really extinct, because it never survived to reach the stage of a written language; the Picts were Christianized from Ireland by the disciples of St. Patrick, and the catechumens adopted the written language of their spiritual teachers as adapted by them to Pictish phonesis. But there are two inscriptions: the St. Vigean's stone of Arbroath is Pictish, but cut in good letters of the so-called Irish alphabet; the Newton or TRAVELS IN THE HOLY LAND, 1788-1882. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA II. (Continued from 6th S. v. 265.) 1831. Dele Russell (M. A.) and see 1845. 1836. Horne (Hartwell). Finden's Landscape Illustrations to the Bible...described by H. H....the most remarkable places mentioned in the Bible. 100 fine plates from drawings by Turner, Stanfield, Callcott, Roberts, &c. 2 vols. folio. (J. Murray.) 1837. Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the Holy Land. By an American. Second edition. vols. "curious woodcuts." (New York.) 2 and Domestic Manners of the Turks in 1836. Illustra1837 (1). Pardoe (Miss Julia). The City of the Sultan tions. 2 vols. 8vo. 1837. Robinson (George), Esq. Travels in Palestine and Syria. 2 vols. 8vo. London (Colburn). Vol. i. has plans of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre; vol. ii. a map of the country north of Beirout and one of the land east of the Jordan. 1838. Lindsay (Lord). Letters from Egypt, Edom, and the Holy Land. 2 vols. 8vo. Bohn's Illustrated Library. 1838. [Peppercorne, J. W.] Testimonies to the Ferand statements of authors from the earliest to the present tility of the Holy Land...comprehending the opinions time. [A Jewish rejoinder to Voltaire's attacks.] London." 1838 (?). Reeve (E.). Character and Costume in Turkey and Italy, with twenty lithographs by Tho. Allom. Imperial 4to. London (Fisher). illustrations. 3 vols. 12mo. 1839. Burnes (Sir A.). Travels into Bokhara. Map, 1839. Paxton (Rev. J. D.). Letters (23) from Palestine, written during...1836-7-8. Pp. 263, 12mo. London (Charles Tilt). 1839. Wright (G. N.). The Shores and Islands of the Mediterranean. Sixty-five plates by Leitch, described by W. 4to. 1840. Bowring (Sir John). Report on the Commercial Statistics of Syria. Parl. Papers, vol. xxi., for 1840. Folio. pp. 139. With careful index. 1840. Hay (Robert). Views in Cairo. Twenty-nine large plates, lithographe1 by Hulmandel. Imperial folio. 1840 (?). Walsh. Constantinople and the Scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor. Illustrated with Drawings by Allom. With Descriptions and Historical 1841. Damer (Hon. Mrs.). Tour through Greece, 1842. Bonar (Rev. A. A.) and Robt. Murray McCheyne. Narrative of a Mission of Inquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1842. Texier (C. F. M.). Description de l'Arménie, la Perse, et la Mésopotamie. 2 tomes, folio. Published by the French Government, 1843. Wilkie (Sir_David). Sketches of Persons in Turkey, Syria, and Egypt. Fol. 1843. Fisk (Rev. Prebendary George). A Pastor's Memorial of Egypt, the... Wilderness...and the Holy Land. London (Seeley). 1843. Formby (Rev. Henry), M.A. A Visit to the East, comprising...Asia Minor, Egypt, and Idumæa. 12mo. Vol. xxv. of Englishman's Library (Burns & Lambert). 1843. Napier (E. H. D. E.), General. Reminiscences of Syria and Fragments of a Journal and Letters from the Holy Land. 2 vols. 12mo. London. Has plan of Egyptian position on Mount Lebanon from which Commodore Napier drove Ibrahim Pasha, Oct., 1840, and frontispiece of the reputed tomb of Noah. 1844. Herschell (R. H.). A Visit to my Fatherland... Notes of a Journey to Syria in 1843. London, 12mo. 1814. [Montefiore (Judith, Lady).] Notes...of a Visit to Egypt and Palestine...undertaken in the cause of "humanity and religion." With Appendix, containing particulars respecting the agriculture around Safed, price of labour, &c. 8vo. pp. 410. Not published. 1844. Wilde (Sir W. R.), M.R.İ.A. Narrative of a Voyage...in the Mediterranean, including a Visit to Algiers, Egypt, Palestine, Tyre, Rhodes, Telmessus, Cyprus, and Greece... With observations on the climate, natural history, and antiquities... Royal 8vo. Dublin. Illustrated. 1844. Kelly (W. K.). Syria and the Holy Land, their Scenery and their People. 8vo. London. 180 wood engravings. 1845. Warburton (Eliot). The Crescent and the Cross. Romance and Realities of Eastern Travel. Illustrated. MEMORIES OF THE SINKING OF THE ROYAL GEORGE. Ninety-nine years and some months ago F. M. C. (some of whose experiences as surgeon of the Tonnant at Trafalgar appeared in the Christmas number of "N. & Q." for 1881) beheld nearly all that remained above water of the Royal head a short time previously, this day a hundred George, which had sunk at her anchorage at Spityears (August 29, 1782). He was then a boy; and having just arrived at Portsmouth with his parents, was taken down to the beach to behold the three fortunate ship rising high above the water. Many masts, with their tops and topmasts, of the unyears after his death I met with the engraving by W. Birch, from a painting by Viscount Duncannon, which is now before me, and which reprethem, as they remained in 1789. In his subsents the bare poles, precisely as he described sequent naval career he heard much that was interesting regarding this singular catastrophe. one Among those who escaped was a young reefer, long afterwards celebrated as Sir P. of the most popular and gallant admirals in the service, regarding whose perfectly harmless and honourable skill in drawing the long bow many pleasant stories were told and concocted by his naval brethren. He was said to have inherited this art from his father, a Hampshire gentleman of importance, who, on sending his son to sea, said, "Remember one thing, P., never tell a lie." P. appearing rather startled at this admonition, he continued, Always remember that you never heard your father tell a lie." Upon which P. cried, "Zooks, father, what a confounded liar you are!" A few hours after the catastrophe, Mr. was seen by his family to open a letter and to burst into tears. They crowded around him and inquired what had happened. "The Royal George has sunk at her anchorage and poor dear P. in her!" When all had given way to grief, the most composed of the party inquired, "Who has written, papa?" "Why, P., to be sure!" "P.! Why, then he is saved!" "No!" (with a fresh gush of anguish) "No! He is such a liar, one never believes anything that he says!" name of the sailing-master of the Royal George, Some years ago I inquired in "N. & Q." the but had no reply. The following statement will, 1845. Parrot (Dr. Friedrich). Journey to Ararat. I trust, lead to inquiry at the Admiralty, as the Translated by W. D. Cooley. 8vo. Map by J. Arrow-memory of that gallant seaman deserves a place in smith and woodcuts; also scientific papers, chiefly geological. London (Longmans). 1845. Borrer (Dawson). A Journey from Naples to Jerusalem... Together with a Translation of M. Linant de Bellefonds's Mémoire sur le Lac Maris. London, 8vo. Plates tinted. 1845. De Sola (Rev. D. A.) and Raphael (M. J.). Eighteen Treatises. Translated from the Mishna by... 8vo. 1845. Russell (Bishop Michael). Nubia and Abyssinia ...their History, Antiquities, &c. 12mo. New York. 1845. Schultz (Dr. E.G.), Prussian Consul in Jerusalem. Jerusalem. With plan of the Holy City. 8vo. Berlin. 1845. St. John (J. A.). Egypt and Nubia, their Scenery and People... Incidents from the Travels of J. L. Burckhardt and Lord Lindsay. 8vo. 125 engravings. WILLIAM H. SEWELL. Yaxley Vicarage, Suffolk. (To be continued.) our naval history. A boatman who for many years afterwards used to ply from Common Hard (Portsea was then Portsmouth Common) related that on the fatal day the master, whose wife lived in Marlborough Row, came to the Hard, and desired to be taken off to the ship. As they neared the Royal George, the master suddenly exclaimed, "She will sink! Give way!" The boatman, turning his head, saw that the ship was in a position of extreme peril, and began to back. |