"BRED AND BORN" (6th S. iv. 68, 275; v. 77, 112, 152, 213, 318, 375, 416; vi. 17).-An older instance of this collocation is found in the Iliad, i. 251, äμa тpáþev ndè yévovтo, but Plato, Polit., 274, Α., γεννᾶν καὶ τρέφειν. JAMES MORISON. AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED (6th S. vi. 209).— The author of Translations chiefly from the Italian of Petrarch and Metastasio, Oxford, 1795, was Thomas Le Mesurier, of New College, B.A. April 29, 1778; M.A. March 4, 1782; Bampton Lecturer 1807; B.D. June 17, 1813. The titles of many of his works may be seen in Watt, Bibl. Britannica. The only other anony. mous work of this author that I have met with is Poems, chiefly Sonnets, by the Author of Translations from the Italian of Petrarch, Oxford, 1799. FAMA. the plea of Right (de Recto), which, with its subdivisions The rest of this volume is occupied by a treatise on on Essoins and Defaults, will be left unread except by legal antiquaries unless some stray readers of the introduction are beguiled by the consummate skill of the editor into searching for crumbs of real historical interest hidden under a mass of dreary technicalities. For example, the legal division of the hour into forty moments, dated from the eighth century, when the Venerable Bede is reputed to have introduced into England the system of dating events from the Christian era. Again, the legal period of a year and a day arose from the tenderness of the law in ensuring to the defaulter a full year of grace, seeing that the year consisted of six hours over the 365 days. The doctrine of Essoins protected the feudal tenant from arbitrary forfeiture; whilst the writ of quo warranto was invented to bar the claims of Norman landowners in England who elected to be subject to the French king after the cession of Normandy to France. Sir Travers Twiss takes occasion to defend himself against critics of his previous volumes, who have found fault with his render AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. vi. ing of the word vicecomes, by showing that the Anglo209). "Calm was her exit," &c. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Henrici de Bracton de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Anglia Libri Quinque. Edited by Sir Travers Twiss, Q.C., for the Master of the Rolls. Vol. V. (Longmans & Co.) VOLUME V. begins with a treatise on Entry (de Ingressu), that is, on the process of recovering possession of land demised for a term at the expiration of the lease. The writ of entry was devised early in the reign of Henry III. to supply a defect in the jurisdiction of the Curia Regis, which was found inadequate to meet the requirements of the changed conditions of tenure, when feudal tenants holding by personal service were being gradually superseded by free cultivators of the soil holding under leases at fixed rents. Up to this time the king's justiciaries had refused to take cognizance of the contract between the owner and cultivator of the soil, which was known to the Roman law as locatio, conductio, so that there was no legal remedy to enforce payment of rent or to recover possession at the end of the term until the new procedure was introduced of which Bracton was the first exponent. The development of the new system is explained by Sir Travers Twiss in the introduction to this volume with his accustomed learning and skill, and his commentary enables students of Bracton's text to understand the progress of this silent revolution in the conditions of tenancy and the principles of jurisprudence. Bracton's treatise implies that the right to the use and profits of land was then recognized by the courts as distinct from the right to the dominion or freehold; whilst the firmarius, or lessee for a term, who is now mentioned for the first time, enjoyed definite rights and was liable to distraint if his rent remained unpaid. Norman viscount was a more important_officer than either the scirgerefa or the sheriff of the Tudor reigns. But this proves nothing more than that the sheriff's powers were different at different periods of history, for he cannot deny that the sheriff has been described as vicecomes in Latin ever since the Norman conquest; and to be consistent he should contend that the AngloNorman comes was properly styled count instead of earl. Studies in Nidderdale. By Joseph Lucas, F.G.S. MR. LUCAS, we conclude, is a geologist by profession. (Stock.) These Nidderdale studies are non-geological, but they are the compilation of one who has evidently had a rigid scientific training, and who not only knows how to observe but also what things are worth notice and what are not. He has a keen interest in folk-lore, dialects, botany, local manners, and the hundred other things which attract cultivated people when they wander from our great cities into what are to them rural solitudes. Nidderdale is in the mountain region of Yorkshire. Though the hills are not high when measured by the same scale as those of the Alps or the Pyrenees, they have a distinctly mountain character, and their valleys were, till very recent times, almost as much cut off from each other as if their crests had been covered by everlasting snow. In such a district old world thoughts and manners linger. Mr. Lucas has evidently spent many days in Nidderdale, and has carefully recorded what he has seen. These extracts from the contents of his notebooks are so useful and amusing that we trust he has not exhausted his store. There are a few engravings of varying degrees of excellence. All are useful as representing things which civilization is fast removing from our eyes. The strange cheese-press figured at p. 29 is identical in plan with one we saw many years ago in an eastern shire. We did not suppose that a single example of this very simple contrivance had survived. The branderi, which he also figures, is useful as explaining a term of frequent occurrence in old inventories, which we have known puzzle more than one learned archæologist. The stand for holding the rush-light is curious; such things must once have been in almost every household; we have never had the good fortune to meet with one. The latter pages of the book are occupied by a glossary of the dialect very carefully compiled. We are sorry, however, that so much space has been occupied by derivations; philology is not Mr. Lucas's strongest point. As an observer his work is usually first rate, but we are bound to call in question many of Prof. Toller-and probably Dr. Bosworth himself, if he his conclusions as to word-parentage. The opinion that had had the advantage of the light thrown on the subthe dialect of Nidderdale contains a number of Gaelic ject during the past ten years-would have preferred a words is very unlikely to receive the sanction of those different arrangement of the work, and some points on best able to weigh the evidence by which it is sought to which he, as well as many other Anglo-Saxon scholars, support it. That there is a Celtic admixture no one differ from Dr. Bosworth, but it has been thought best will call in question; but that the Celtic words have to leave these to be noted in the preface to the complete come through a Gaelic channel is in a high degree work. In many parts it was found, on examination of improbable. the material accumulated by Dr. Bosworth, that little or nothing had been added to the first edition, and the colMemoir of Alexander Seton, Earl of Dunfermline, Pre-lection of the necessary material therefore fell to the sident of the Court of Session and Chancellor of Scot-present editor, and those only who have had experience land. By George Seton, M.A., Advocate. (Blackwood & Sons.) THIS is an édition de luxe of what has clearly been to its author a labour of love. Those of our readers who are acquainted with Mr. Seton's charming work on Scottish Heraldry will not need to be told this. We have here everything connected with the subject of the book that could interest the historical student, the herald, the genealogist, and the archæologist. The result is a book worthy of its author's high reputation, and which we trust will be, as we are half promised, the forerunner of a series of memoirs of the Lords President of the Court of Session, for whom we could wish no better biographer. Chancellor Seton himself, the "shaveling President, more meet to say masse in Salamanca nor to bear office in Christian and reformed Commonwealls," stands out before us in bolder relief than he ever did before. It is certain that the Chancellor's was a many-sided intellect. Not improbably something of his aesthetic bent may be ascribed to the time when he pronounced orations "coram Pontifice" in Rome, for then, as now, the Curia sought to influence men in divers ways' and through varied means. When at home, and at the helm of state, he laboured hard to "purge the Bordours of all the chiefest malefactouris" that infested them, even as Hercules laboured to purge the "escuries of Augeas the King of Elide." And he kept the Feast of the Nativity with great solemnity, much remarked upon by the dourer sort of the followers of the Evangel. "Priscorum pietas repetenda parentum," quoth Lord Dunfermline. The greatest names in the Scottish Peerage are found on the roll of the mourners who conveyed the Chancellor to the Kirk of Dalgety, "by the sea-side." There the waves still break and the Chancellor still sleeps. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, based on the MS. Collections of the late Joseph Bosworth, D.D. Edited and enlarged by T. Northcote Toller, M.A. Parts I. and II. A—Hw. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) THE hearty thanks of all students are due to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press for the valuable series of dictionaries which they have published; and especially ought we, as Englishmen, to be grateful for the present work, the first two parts of which are now before us. Although it is nominally based on the manuscript collections of the late Dr. Bosworth, and is in a certain sense an enlargement and revision of his Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, published more than twenty years ago, yet so greatly have the study, and consequently the knowledge, of Anglo-Saxon increased, and so much greater is now the material for a work of this kind, that the two books have really very little in common. At the time of his death Dr. Bosworth, who had devoted a great deal of time and labour to the preparation of a second edition of his Dictionary, had finally revised the whole of the 288 pages which form Part I. of the present work, and had also made some progress with a few of the succeeding sheets. But Prof. Toller's task has been far greater than merely utilizing such material as had been collected by Dr. Bosworth. There are several points in which in such work can form an idea of the labour involved in such a task. It is always easy to find errors, imperfections, or omissions in a dictionary; in no class of books is it more easy, and the present work is, of course, no exception. But the second part, which is mainly Prof. Toller's own work, shows everywhere such evidence of the painstaking and conscientious care of the editor, that we, with all students of our language, look forward with the highest expectations to the completion of an excellent work, the importance and value of which to the student cannot be over estimated. IT is with extreme regret we record the death, on Tuesday last, at his seat, Ettington Park, Stratford-onAvon, of our old and frequent correspondent Mr. Evelyn Philip Shirley. So suddenly must the end have come, that it was only on Monday last we received a paper from him. Mr. Shirley was born in 1812, and educated at Eton and Oxford. The Orders of Chivalry is the title of a new book by Major J. H. Lawrence-Archer, which will shortly be issued by Messrs. W. H. Allen & Co. It will contain accounts of the various existing orders. Flights of Fancy: a Medley of Quips and Cranks in Prose and Verse, by Mr. E. L. Blanchard, is announced as forthcoming. It will be comprised in six numbers, each complete in itself. MR. E. WALFORD will contribute to the October number of the Antiquarian Magazine a paper on the forthcoming exhibition of the Horners' Company, illustrated with an engraving of a curious old horn book, associated with the name of Shakspeare. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. R. H. B.-You would greatly oblige us by, in future, writing your various communications on separate pieces of paper. paid letter to our correspondent. R. SPENCER-For proposed mottoes for drinking cups, see "N. & Q.," 6th S. v. 155, 395; vi. 177. H. C. F. 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