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Passing to the next generation, I will single out a curious collection of tracts by Thomas Norton, printed by John Day in or about 1569. This Norton, M.P. for the City of London, and the first to hold the office of Remembrancer, was one of those concerned in the atrocious cruelties inflicted on various unfortunate Roman Catholics in the Tower. It was not a very satisfactory answer to the charge against him that he had boasted that he had stretched a priest, named Alexander Briant, a foot longer than God had made him, to maintain that he had merely threatened that if Briant would not tell the truth, "he should be made a foot longer than God made him." The volume of tracts to which I have referred was evidently put together and bound in the latter part of the sixteenth century, in what was once an exceedingly rich and handsome binding. In the midst of the tooling on the sides are the initials "E. A.," which I regret to be unable to identify. The book is one of those bequeathed to the library by John Laughton (librarian of Trinity College, 1669-73). Of the tracts in question two refer to the rising of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland in 1569: one the address "To the Queenes Majesties poor deceived subjectes of the North Country" (Binneman, 1569); and the other "A warning agaynst the dangerous practises of Papistes, and specially the parteners of the late Rebellion "" (J. Day, s.a., but 1569). Of this latter there were two distinct issues from Day's press; the most noticeable variation being that on the verso of the title-page, which in the earlier edition is blank, we find in the second, "The summe of all this Booke. We can not well spare our Queene Elizabeth." Besides these are three short tracts on the publication of the Pope's bull at that time: (1) "A Bull graunted by the Pope to Doctor Harding and other"; (2) "A disclosing of the great Bull and certain calves that he hath gotten, and specially the Monster Bull that roared at my Lord Byshops gate"; (3) "An addition declaratorie to the Bulles, with a searching of the Maze." Of this last there were two issues, different from one another in numerous small points of detail. The remaining contents of the volume are three tracts in connexion with Mary, Queen of Scots: (1) Buchanan's "Ane Detectioun of the duinges of Marie Quene of Scottes, touchand the murder of hir husband"; (2) "The copie of a letter written by one in London to his frend concernyng the credit of the late published detection of the doynges of the Ladie Marie of Scotland"; (3) "A discourse touching the pretended match betwene the Duke of Norfolke and the Quene of Scottes."

A writer who did a great deal towards increasing the polemic literature of the sixteenth century was John Bale, "foul-mouthed Bale" as he has often, and with only too much justice, been called.

Bale was one of those with whom his adversary was necessarily a person to be vilified. His life was a troublous one. During the last years of Henry VIII. he settled in the Netherlands, and returned to England on the accession of Edward VI., who in 1552 appointed him Bishop of Ossory. The accession of Mary, however, again drove him abroad, until her death enabled him once more to return to England. I shall now refer to some of his works in the college library. One of these, though not in form polemic, contains a plentiful infusion of the polemic spirit, his Illustrium Majoris Britannia Scriptorum......Summarium. This, though often spoken of as printed at Ipswich, by John Overton, in 1548-9, was really, it cannot be doubted, printed at Wesel (a town north of Dusseldorf and close to the confluence of the Rhine and the Lippe), copies being brought over to England with Overton's name in the imprint at the end ("excusum fuit Gippeswici in Anglia per Jo. Overton "), though he was merely the bookseller. It may be noted that in the copy described by Herbert (p. 1456), the imprint below the woodcut on the title-page ran excudebatur præsens opus Wesalia per Theodoricum Plateanum," but in the copy now before me the names are suppressed and instead is a lengthening of the statement as to the date " anno a nativitate unicæ illius pro peccatis victims..."

A book which no lover of the Reformation can read without shame and disgust is the "Actes of Englysh votaryes, comprehendynge theyr unchast practyses and examples by all ages, from the worldes begynnynge to thys present yeare, collected out of their owne legendes and Chronycles." This, unfortunately, was greedily read, and thus was several times reprinted. Of this we possess a copy of the original edition, printed at Wesel in 1546. Of this there are also two reprints; one is that printed by Thomas Raynalde in 1548, our copy of which has been bound up with the introduction to the first part and the whole of the second part of the "Actes" of the edition printed for Abraham Vele in 1551, the other (of both parts) is that printed by John Tysdale in 1560.

"A brefe Chronycle concernynge the Examinacyon and death of the blessed martyr of Christ, syr Johan Olde castell, the lorde Cobham," in an edition of the year 1544, without place of printing or printer's name, is of considerable rarity; the later editions seem more common. Another curious book of Bale's is his "Apology agaynste a ranke Papyst, aunswering both hym and hys doctours, that neyther their vowes nor yet their priesthode are of the Gospell, but of Antichrist," printed by Day (without a date, but not before 1550), and to he sold "at his shop by the lytle Conduit in Chepesyde." A curious little point about this book is that on the verso of the last leaf (the imprint having been on the recto) there comes

abruptly, as though a fresh title, "A dyspatche of vowes and presthode, by the wurd of God. Compyled by Johan Bale." This has led sometimes to the mistaken notion that this is a promise of something forthcoming (see, e.g., Catalogue of the Huth Library, vol. i. p. 82, "but no such treatise follows, the heading being all that seems to have been set up"). While, however, the verso of the last leaf is a curious place to put the notice, the reference is simply to the foregoing treatise (see fol. 148, verso).

Other works of Bale of some rarity are the following (1) "A dialoge or Communycacyon to be had at a Table betwene two chyldren, gathered out of the holy scriptures by Johan Bale, for his two yonge sonnes Johan and Paule," printed in 1549 for Richard Foster, in "Fletestrete at the signe of the Croune, next vnto the Whyte Fryres gate." (2) "The Ymage of both Churches after the Revelacion of Saincte John the Evangelyst," printed by John Wyer in 1550. (3) "The vocacyon of Johan Bale to the bishoprick of Ossorie in Irelande, his persecucions in the same, and finall delyveraunce." The imprint of this volume declares it to have been printed "in Rome, before the castell of S. Angell, at ye signe of S. Peter, in Decembre Anno D. 1553." It was, however, it would seem, printed by Hugh Singleton. (4) The only other work of Bale which I need mention here is "The laboryouse Journey and serche of Johan Leylande [Leland] for Englandes Antiquitees, geven of hym a newe yeares gyfte to Kynge Henry the viij," printed in 1549.

Another set of polemical works, to which a curious interest attaches, and of which a fair number are here, are the tracts of the Marprelate controversy. As original copies of these tracts are not commonly met with, I will annex a list of those in the college library:—

1. "Oh read over D. John Bridges, for it is a worthy worke......[the Epistle.] Printed oversea in Europe, within two furlongs of a Bounsing Priest." This was probably printed in 1588, and is a scurrilous answer to Dr. Bridges's (Dean of Salisbury, 1587-1603) "Defence of the Government established in the Church of England."

2. "Hay any work for Cooper," designed to answer Bishop Cooper's "Admonition to the People of England," of which there is also a copy now before me.

2. "The Returne of the renowned Cavaliero Pasquil of England, from the other side the seas," 1589.

66

3. The First parte of Pasquil's Apologie," 1590. One of the chief writers of the Marprelate tracts, properly so called, is said to have been John Penry, though it is alleged that Penry himself denied the charge. He was a Welshman, and issued several tracts on the wants of the Church in Wales. The tracts written on the other side are generally attributed to the caustic pen of Thomas Nash, of St. John's College, Cambridge.

Before passing to books of an altogether different class I will briefly refer in conclusion to two books, overlooked in their proper place, which deserve a mention. The first is a sermon, of which I can trace no copy in any other library, and which, being unfortunately defective at the end, does not allow me to come to any certain conclusion with respect to the printer. Nor did an appeal to the friendly columns of "N. & Q." (6th S. v. 228, 259, 335) elicit any fresh information. The book in question is: "A Sermond made before the kynge hys hyghenes at Rychemunte, uppon good fryday, the yere of our lorde, 1536, by Johan Longlond, bysshope of Lincoln." The only independent notice I can find of this is in Herbert (p. 1547), and seeing that he derived much information from Cambridge, his omission of the name of the printer of the above book renders it not improbable that his reference is to this imperfect copy. A similar sermon in the Lambeth Library was printed by Thomas Petyt in 1538 (Maitland, p. 243).

The other work is one to which I referred a week or two ago, the "Godly Psalme of Marye Queene," by Rychard Beeard. This hymn, which consists of forty-four four-line stanzas, with accompanying music in four parts, is a very fervent expression of rejoicing at the accession of Mary. The first verse runs:

"Al England now bee glad at ones,

4. "The just censure and reproofe of Martin

Junior."

Besides these are several of the answers which these calumnious tracts called forth, whether of grave sort, as the "Admonition " mentioned above and the "Antimartinus, seu monitio cujusdam Londinensis ad adolescentes utriusque Academiæ "

against saint Donstons Church." I notice that Lowndes (p. 145, ed. Bohn) gives 1557 as the date of this book. Unless there was a reprint, which is not very probable, this date is an error. R. SINKER.

Trinity College, Cambridge.

(To be continued.) P.S.-I will take this opportunity of limiting

the statement in my article of November 11 as to Edmund Becke's editorship of the Bible to the edition of Day and Seres in 1549.

CRESSY OF CHELMARSH AND CRESSY OF

DODFORD: AN IDENTIFICATION.

and of John del Cressi, jun., born April 20, 1407; had livery of Chelmarsh 1428, ob. s.p.

I will now turn to Baker's Northamptonshire, vol. i. pp. 351, 355, s.v. "Keynes (et al.) of Dodford." The extremely elaborate tabular pedigree in Baker exhibits the descent of the manor of Dodford from William de Cahaignes, or Keynes, mesne lord of Dodford, T.W.C. (Domesday, fol. 223b and 224), through Ayote to Cressy in one line, and through Aylesbury, Daventre, Ladbroke, &c., in other lines, the Cressys of Dodford having, in point of fact, not been the true heirs of Keynes.

I know that Dr. Marshall is anxious only to improve his book, and therefore I am sure that he will take the present suggestion in good part. In his current edition Cressy of Chelmarsh is not to be found at all. I do not say that it might not possibly be arrived at through Mortimer, but unless a reader was in possession of the necessary previous knowledge he would not look under Mortimer for a Cressy pedigree. Doubtless the Cressy line makes but a lame show in Mr. Eyton's elaborate tabular pedigree of Mortimer of Chelmarsh; but when once the clue is given that Cressy of Chelmarsh is the same family as Cressy of Dodford, the genealogical student can readily fill up Mr. Eyton's blanks by turning to Baker.

So much by way of explaining my reasons for attaching a certain importance to this identification. Now for the identification itself.

Mr. Eyton, in his Shropshire, vol. iii. pp. 43-4, prints what is in most respects a very full pedigree of Mortimer of Chelmarsh, which united the blood of the Cymric princes of Wales with that of the Norman lords of Wigmore. Hugh Mortimer, third of Chelmarsh, the stirps of the subsequent Cressy line, had, inter alios, Henry of Quat, Johanna, and Margaret (dead in 1355). Henry's line became extinct in his second son Hugh, who fell, "occisus apud Salop.," 1403. The Cressy heirship is thus meagrely sketched out in Mr. Eyton's pedigree.

Johanna (sister of Henry Mortimer of Quat, and aunt of Sir Hugh) and had Matilda de de Cressy, by whom she was mother of John de Cressi, sen., born circa 1379, dead, February, 1413.

=

...

John de Cressi, sen., Cristina and was father of Thomas, infra cetat. 1413, ob. inf. at., s.p.,

The male line of Keynes of Dodford failing in 1375 on the death, infra ætatem, of John, only son of Sir John de Keynes, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, 29-32 Edw. III., the right of inLewis Cardigan, great-granddaughter of Sir Wm. de Keynes of Dodford (ob. 1344), and not in the Cressys, who were the heirs of Lettice, sister of the said Sir William. But the jurors found otherwise, through what Baker calls the "artful chicanery" of Sir William de Brantingham.

The new line of Dodford, de facto, if not de jure, is the one which I identify with Cressy of Chelmarsh; and its generations, so far as they are material to this purpose, I proceed to give from Baker.

Lettice, the stirps of the Cressy line, daughter of Sir Robert de Keynes of Dodford, by Hawise (I use Baker's form, though I should prefer Hawisia), daughter of Robert de Lisle, of the Isle of Wight, was in remainder of Dodford by a fine, 34 Edw. I. She married William Ayote, whom in his pedigree Baker describes as Ayote of Ayote St. Lawrence, though in the blazon of the arms of the several lines of the lords of Dodford he queries that description. William and Lettice Ayote were the parents of (1) John, ob. s.p., and (2) Lawrence of Ayote, ob. 1353 (Esc. 28 Edw. III., n. 45), having married Joan. by whom he had (1) William, cæt. thirty (Esc. 28 Edw. III.), ob. s.p.; (2) Margaret, cet. forty (Esc. Dors. 50 Edw. III.), married William de Wotton, but ob. s.p.; (3) Matilda, cet. thirty-five (Esc. Dors. 50 Edw. III.), who married Edmund de Cressy, living 4 Ric. II., and had (1) Thomas, ob.

...

Hen. IV. (Esc. ... Hen. IV. n....); (2) John of Dodford, brother and heir of Thomas, cet. thirtythree (Esc. Hen. IV.), ob. Oct. 1, 9 Hen. IV., 1407 (Esc. 9 Hen. IV., n. 13); (3) William, ob. s.p.

It will now plainly appear, I think, that the Joan, wife of Lawrence Ayote of Ayote, whose maiden name Baker did not know, was Joan, or Johanna, Mortimer, daughter of Hugh Mortimer, third of Chelmarsh; and that the husband of Johanna Mortimer, with whose name Mr. Eyton was altogether unacquainted, was Lawrence Ayote. Thus the two pedigrees satisfactorily, as I believe, complete each other's lacunæ.