ugly and vulgar. Some of our foreign placenames are Italian. Austria, Stiria or Styria, Carniola, Carinthia, Vienna, Bavaria, Prussia, Silesia, Pomerania, and Russia are Italian or mediæval Latin-some of them are pure Italian, and may, perhaps, have been introduced by the Lombard merchants who were so influential at one time in this country. With regard to Italian places, though we use French names for most of the chief cities, we follow the Latin rather than the Italian in certain others, as Genoa, Mantua, and Padua (or Patavia). Leghorn is a singular corruption of our own, but is not more singular than Venedig and Mailand, the German for Venice and Milan. C. W. S.

CHARLES BULLER (6th S. v. 288, 414, 477).— On reference to Haydn's Dates, p. 581, fourteenth edition, G. F. R. B. will find a list of the names of the "Russell Administration," 1846-51. Charles Buller's name is absent, therefore the statement on the subject in the Annual Register, 1847, is incorrect. HENRY G. HOPE.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. v. 369).

"Behind the dim unknown," &c. J. Russell Lowell (present United States Minister to England), The Present Crisis. T. H. SMITH.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Specimens of Early English. With Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index. Edited by Rev. R. Morris, LL.D. Part I. A.D. 1150-1300. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)

An Anglo-Saxon Primer. By Henry Sweet, M.A. (Same publishers.)

THESE two books appear most appropriately together, each being to a great extent the complement of the other. Dr. Morris's volume of Specimens has long been looked for, and, as a matter of fact, the greater part has long been in type. Owing, however, to the increasing demands on his time, he found himself at last obliged to hand over the preparation of the Introduction and of a part of the Glossary to Prof. Skeat. Glad as we should have been if Dr. Morris had been able to complete the work which he had so far advanced, and greatly as we must regret that he has, to a certain extent, deserted the study of our native language for that of another, even though the latter is one most interesting and valuable, yet our regret is considerably less than it would have been had the completion of the present volume fallen into any less competent hands than those of Prof. Skeat. The volume, which though the last published is the first of the Clarendon Press "Series of English Specimens," contains nineteen pieces culled from writings ranging in date from 1150 to 1300 A.D. Prof. Skeat justly calls attention to the great difficulty under which Dr. Morris laboured in the compilation of the work:-"He had, in fact, to edit his texts for the Early English Text Society before he could satisfactorily make extracts from them." The extracts could not have been better chosen for the purpose which Dr. Morris had in view-"to render the study of Early English more easy for those who have not the means or

the opportunity of consulting the books containing the complete texts." They are admirably calculated to ant period-when the old English was passing into the illustrate the history of our language at its most importmiddle English. The glossary is so full that it almost deserves the name of a concordance rather than that of a glossary, while the notes are just sufficiently full to give the student enough, but not too much, help. Prof. Skeat's share of the work has been far from mere revision, for he has to a great extent recast the original introduction to the volume of Specimens issued in 1872, and has further contributed a valuable section on metre, besides other minor improvements and additions. The series, which is now complete, gives specimens from 1579 A.D., and no more valuable work for the student of sixty-six different works, ranging in date from 1150 to our language has ever appeared.

Mr. Sweet's name is of itself a sufficient guarantee for the value of his new work. Only those who have had to do with the teaching of our language in its earliest stages know how greatly a volume like this Primer has

been needed. There can now be no excuse for that

neglect of the study of the English language which has apply themselves to that study can have little idea of so long been a disgrace to our schools. Those who now the difficulties under which the few who took up the subject twenty, or even ten, years ago laboured. Now a student has ready at hand books written by men who have for years devoted themselves to the work, and who found their opinions and statements not on guesswork, but on a close and scientific study of the language. The publications of the Early English Text and other societies have, of course, largely contributed to this result, and we cannot but regret that their efforts are not more warmly supported. In Mr. Sweet's Primer. his Anglo-Saxon Reader, and the three volumes of Specimens edited by Dr. Morris and Prof. Skeat, the student has a course such as twenty years ago would not have been deemed possible.

Lacordaire: a Biographical Sketch. By H. Sydney Lear. (Rivingtons.)

THE character and career of Lacordaire are full of interest, and he has been fortunate in finding a biographer who, without being an undiscriminating worshipper, is yet an enthusiastic admirer. The religious training that Lacordaire received as a child from his widowed mother was early effaced by the scepticism to which he succumbed as a schoolboy in the Lycée and the École de Droit at Dijon. In 1822, at twenty years of age, he was an avowed atheist when he arrived in Paris to seek his fortune at the Bar. In the vast desert of the capital his craving for friendship remained uneatisfied, and the void within his own mind, empty of God or creed, made his solitude more intense. An existence in which ambition of professional success was the sole elevating principle could not long content his eager temperament; his early training, the effect of which had been rather starved than uprootod, reasserted its influence, and in 1824 he entered St. Sulpice as a student for the priesthood. In his subsequent career certain periods stand out as landmarks. In 1830 his eager liberalism led him into acquaintance with De la Menhais, and he became one of the editors of the Avenir. Later on circumstances compelled him to sever his connexion with both, but the boldness and candour with which be withdrew his opinions turned his retractation into a moral victory. In 1835 he began his conferences in Notre Dame. His eloquence was almost inspiration, and his voice, his demeanour, and his delivery combined to produce an effect upon the vast crowds of young men who flocked to hear him which was unparalleled since

the days of Bossuet. Three years later he conceived the plan of reviving the Dominican order in France, and a peculiar interest is attached to this, the most famous portion of his life's work, by the recent expulsion of religious bodies from France. From 1843 to 1851, in his white Dominican habit, he occupied the pulpit of Notre Dame. The influence which he there acquired was strikingly manifested in the revolution of 1848, when the surprising spectacle was witnessed of Lacordaire, the Dominican monk, after being put forward as a candidate for election to the Constituent Assembly by seven constituencies, taking his seat in his monastic habit as the representative of Marseilles. But political life was not to his taste, and he soon abandoned his seat for the more congenial tasks of directing the affairs of his order, organizing schemes of education, and superintending his own College of Sorèze, where he died in 1861. Such is the brief outline of the career of Lacordaire, a man who was an example of Christian virtues practised in the midst of difficulty, who was a stranger to any personal or sordid motives, and whose life was actuated throughout by the purest and loftiest aims. We have rarely met with a more wholesome book than this sympathetic and gracefully written sketch, in which the details of Lacordaire's outer and inner life are vividly portrayed.

Sir C. Wren, his Family and his Times. By Lucy Phillimore. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.) THE only authorities for the life of Wren are the elder Elmes's discursive and conspicuously erroneous books. Miss Phillimore has compiled from many sources, including an heirloom copy of the Parentalia, a new biography, which, although by no means devoid of errors, is far superior to the compilations of her forerunner. She has put her materials in tolerable order, and her dates stand inquiry with unusual good fortune. She has added much to Elmes's collections, and, although her knowledge of architecture is not great, enthusiasm has enabled her to make a book fit to serve until some better qualified writer shall take up a subject which is attractive to moralists, hero worshippers, historians of the seventeenth century, and architects. Miss Phillimore has not disdained to borrow from all the well-known sources of information. The chief defect of her book is an immeasurable intolerance of the Puritans of the time of Wren's uncle, the so-called "Magpie" Bishop of Norwich, Hereford, Ely, Laud's instrument, to whose doings a very large portion of her text is devoted. Not only the Puritans, but all men who did not obey the behests of Laud, are labelled at every turn as "schis. matics," a "yelling mob," a "violent mob," "mob of sectaries." Poor Prynne, who, to say nothing of the pillory-had been "fined, branded, and imprisoned" in Carnarvon Castle, Lancaster Castle, and Mont Orgueil (his ears had been cut off before), is too rashly called " deadly and utterly unscrupulous enemy" of the Laudian prelates, and is accused of having suborned perjured witnesses and tampered with Laud's papers seized by the House of Commons! From her remarks on this large subject it is evident that Miss Phillimore's studies are rather one-sided, and that her prejudices are somewhat strong. She has fallen into a strange error in saying that Sir Isaac Newton was buried in Allhallows, Bread Street. Of course he was buried in Westminster Abbey, in a grave which, according to the London Gazette of the time, "had been previously refused to the various noblemen who had applied for it." It was our own good fortune to persuade the late Dean Stanley to have the original gravestone, with its simple inscription, restored to the place whence years ago it had been ruthlessly torn.

a

Transactions and Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Library Association of the United Kingdom, held at Edinburgh Oct. 5, 6, 7, 1880. Edited by E. C. Thomas and C. Welch. (Chiswick Press.) WE owe an apology to our readers for the delay in the notice of this really valuable volume, the contents of which bear ample witness to the great interest felt in all matters connected with libraries and books on the other side of the Tweed. The papers here printed include full and interesting accounts of the libraries and librarians of Scotland, and in addition we have Dr. Small's address, besides contributions ranging from accounts of Assyrian libraries (Leonard A. Wheatley), the great libraries of Scandinavia (Gilbert Goudie), to more technical articles, such as shelf-notation (James Marshall), clearing of duplicates (Cornelius Walford), &c. Further, the volume is enriched with a print from one of the stereotype plates used by W. Ged, the inventor of stereotyping, in his edition of Sallust, Edinburgh, 1739, that being the first work printed from stereotype plates, and the original plate being now preserved in the library of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh. The report of the committee, cataloguing rules, and short articles on such varied subjects as copyright, buckram, early printing in Scotland, &c., complete the volume, which is supplied with a most elaborate index by Mr. C. Welch. Altogether, the book will be found not only valuable to the librarian but also interesting to the non-professional reader, from the amount of general information contained in it. The printing, paper, and general "get up " are admirable.

To those who, in respect of family devotions, prefer to make use of a selection from the prayers contained in the Book of Common Prayer, we can strongly recommend Family Prayers, selected from the Liturgy of the Church of England, by Charles E. Pollock (Murray).

the editorship of Mr. T. Wright, M.A., F.S.A., a new MESSRS. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co. have issued, under edition of the late Mr. Crofton Croker's Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland.

A NEW volume of the Classified Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, by Mr. Vincent, the Librarian, is now ready; it includes the most important works published during the last twenty-five years, placed under their respective heads, accompanied by a synopsis and indexes of authors and subjects.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and

address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WM. FREELOVE.-Were not the lines written of Goodenough, Bishop of Carlisle, who, as junior bishop, had to preach before the House of Lords?

G. H. J. ("Fanam ").-A money of account used formerly in Madras, worth about 1d. As a Ceylonese coin it is worth about 1d.

COL. A. F. (Edinburgh).—It will be attended to.
M. A. STIE.-James Shirley did write the play.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

DICTIONARY

From the TIMES.

"For our own part, so far as vocabulary and treatment are concerned, we should not wish for anything better than the new 'Imperial.' Few, except specialists, are likely to come across any technical terms not to be found here; and the definitions are accurate and intelligible, developing into detailed explanations where necessary. The etymology is clear and concise, and the illustrations are copious, appropriate, and well executed."

From the PALL MALL GAZETTE. "The etymologies have been rewritten in the light of the most recent researches, and may be accepted as, on the whole, accurate throughout; they are, as a rule, clear and laudably concise. The definitions are specially full, and serve all the purposes of a condensed cyclopædia. The terms introduced by recent science, and which are so frequently introduced into every-day literature, are all there, Eo far as we have tested, and their definitions are admirably clear and accurate......The illustrations, carefully and accurately executed, are a most important help to the understanding of the definitions and descriptions."

From the SPECTATOR.

"Of the second volume of the new edition of this great dictionary, which has been so thoroughly revised as to be really a new work, it is practically sufficient to say that it presents the same features as the first-scientific accuracy of definition, wealth of quotation, and reliability as an authority in etymology."

From the ST. JAMES'S GAZETTE.

"It would be difficult to praise this admirable dictionary too highly, and more than unjust not to give special praise to the editor, Mr. Charles Annandale. This dictionary has been in use for more than a quarter of a century; but he has so augmented the vocabulary, and has made such large and important changes in his revision, that in its present form it may justly claim to be considered a new work. It does not directly challenge comparison with any other dictionary in the language; for it attempts to combine, what none of the others do, a literary dictionary with an encyclopædic dictionary......We have examined more than a hundred of the articles, and they are of uniform excellence."

From the SATURDAY REVIEW.

"The dictionary aims at being, within its limits, an encyclopædia; not only is every word set down, derived, and explained, but an account is appended supplying information upon subjects which a bare definition would not make clear. The encyclopaedic character of 'The Imperial Dictionary,' indeed, constitutes its principal and its distinctive value. For ordinary purposes it will be found to give information on almost every point, which seems to us, so far as it has been possible to examine the work, trustworthy."

From the BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. "This new edition is abreast of. the most advanced science of the day, and incorporates its latest discoveries, while English literature has been laid under the most laborious and extensive contribution for varied uses of words. It should be for some years to come an authority of the first class."

THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, for the PUBLICA

TION of EARLY HISTORICAL and LITERARY REMAINS. (Founded 1838.)

The Right Hon. the EARL of VERULAM, F.R.G.S., President. SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, Esq., Director.

This Society was instituted to perpetuate and render accessible whatever is valuable, but hitherto little known, amongst the materials for the Civil, Eeclesiastical, or Literary History of the United Kingdom; and it accomplishes that object by the publication of Historical Documents. Letters. Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies within the compass of its design, in the most convenient form, and at the least possible expense consistent with the production of useful volumes. The Subscription to the Society is 14 per annum in return for which the Subscriber receives three volumes, except when one of the publications is of unusual length. Since the commencement of the New Series in 1971, Twenty-Eight Volumes have been published. The publications for the year 1882-3 will be CATHOLICON ANGLICUM. Edited by 8. J. Herrtage. Esq., and THE LETTER-BOOK of GABRIEL HARVEY, of Saffron Walden. temp. Eliz., Edited by E. J. J. Scott, Esq., M.A. The new List of Members is now being printed, and it is requested that all persons desirous of joining the Society will at once communicate with the Secretary. ALFRED KINGSTON, Esq.. Public Record Office, W.C.: or with the Treasurer, J. J. CARTWRIGHT, Esq., M.A., Rolls House, Chancery Lane, W.C.

AREADABLE CATALOGUE, no Double Columns

of small Type.-6,000 Articles, 530 pages, strongly bound in half. morocco. post free, 38. 6d. cash with order. Only 200 Copies can be completed.-Contents: Agriculture and Field Sports-Ana-AnglingAnglo-Saxon-Bibliography and Printing-Books of Manners-Brewing and Distilling-Byron-Chap-Books-Charles I.- Civil WarDramatic History, Lives of Actors, and Old Plays-Early English Chronicles-Early English Text Society-Early Printing-Elizabeth (Queen)-Emblems-Finance, Currency. Banking, and Social Science -Fine Arts- France Freemasonry-Fugitive Poetry. Tracts, and Broadsides Gardening-Heraldry. Family History, Peerage Cases, &-Imitatione Christi-Jest Books-Junius-Musio, Popular Songs, and Old Ballads - Mythology-Numismata-Old Newspapers and Periodicals-Percy Society Publications-Philology, including Old Dictionaries, Anglo-Saxon and English Dialects-Plague-Popular Antiquities, Superstitions, Folk-Lore, and Witchcraft-Prehistoric Antiquities and Archaeology-Pretender-Quakers-Records-Reynard the Fox-Shakspeareana- Social Science-Spain-Sporting-SwiftTopography, comprising all the English Counties.

ALFRED RUSSELL SMITH 36, Soho Square, London.

Just published,

A NEW CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE of the

LIBRARY of the ROYAL INSTITUTION of GREAT BRITAIN, with SYNOPSIS and INDEXES of AUTHORS and BUBJECTS. By BENJAMIN VINCENT, Assistant-Secretary and Keeper of the Library. Vol. II., including the Additions from 1857 to 1882, pp. 496, 8vo. balf bound, price, to Members, 68.; to NonMembers, 88. 6d. Vols. I. and II., to Members, 148.; to Non-Members, 218. 6d.

Sold at the ROYAL INSTITUTION, Albemarle Street, W.; and by DAVID NUTT, 270, Strand, W.C.; and J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36, Soho Square, W.

With Index, price 10d. Registered as a Newspaper.