313. Wallace ravages the North of
England, 314.
Elected governor of
Scotland, 315.
Defeat of the Scotch
army under Wallace at the battle of
Falkirk, 315. Wallace resigns the office
of governor, and four governors are ap-
pointed in his stead, 317. The third
invasion of Scotland, 318. The fourth
invasion, 319. Truce between England
and Scotland, 319. Claim of the Pope
to the sovereignty of Scotland, 319.
The fifth and sixth invasions of Edward
I., 321, 322. Victory of the Scots over
John de Segrave, 322. The country
devastated by the English, 322. Submits
to Edward I., 323. Siege of Stirling
Castle, 323. Wallace betrayed by his
countrymen, and put to death by Edward
I., 324. Wallace's death useless as a
means of repressing the Scotch, 325.
Revolt of the Scotch under Bruce, 326.
Preparations of Edward I. for the seventh
invasion of Scotland, 329, 331. Reverses
suffered by Bruce, 331. Escape of Bruce
to Ireland, 331. His return to Scotland
and subsequent misfortunes, 332. His
victory over the Earl of Pembroke, 333.
Death of Edward I., 333. Preparations of
Edward II. for a renewal of the war, 348.
The command of the English army given
to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke,
348. Council held at Stamford to con-
sider Bruce's progress in Scotland, 360.
Scotland invaded by Edward II., 362.
No lasting success, however, gained, 362.
Gaveston and the Earls of Gloucester and
Surrey sent to invade Scotland, 363.
The Earl of Pembroke dismissed, and the
government of Scotland given to John de
Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, 371. Suc-
cesses of Bruce, 372. Richmond dismissed,
and three joint governors appointed by Ed-
ward II., 372. The English driven out
of Galloway, 372. Sir John de St. John
defeated by Bruce, 372. Who takes
Perth from the English, 375. The
English entirely defeated at Bannockburn,
386. Robert Bruce excommunicated by
the Pope, 394. Vigorous exertions made
to strengthen the kingdom, 394.
English compelled to raise the siege of
Berwick, 396. A truce for two years
concluded, 398. Scotland again invaded
by Edward II. with little good result,
407. A truce concluded for thirteen
years, 407.
Scots, the, attack the Britons, 11. Walls
built by the Romans to shut them out of
England, 11. See Scotland
Scottish weapons ancient, 381
Scutage, meaning of the word, 95. Inter-
ference of Magna Charta to prevent
abuses in, 95
Seal, the Great, the Chancellor made Keeper
of the, 136. The Great Seal of Edward
the Confessor, 136. Early date of the
use of the Great Seal, 136
Segrave, John de Segrave, governor of Scot-
land under Edward I., 322. Defeated by
the Scots, 322
Selkirk, taken by Sir James Douglas, 373
Setan, or Anglo-Saxon settlers, 33
Severn, the, blockaded by the Royalists, 224
Sheriff, origin of the word, 31. His duty
at County Courts both before and after the
Conquest, 112
Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood and the out-
laws of, 238
Shrewsbury, ancient name of, 33
Shire-motes, or county courts, of the Anglo-
Saxons, 110
Shires, origin of the division of England into,
28, 30. Derivation of the word, 31. In
some parts of England there are no shires,
32. In most cases took their names from
towns already built, 33
Sicily, kingdom of, made fiefs of the Holy
See by its Norman conquerors, 202. Held
by the Emperor Frederic, 202. At his
death offered by the Pope to Edmund,
son of Henry III. of England, 202
Siric, Archbishop, advises the imposition of
Dane-gelt, 24
Slavery common amongst the Anglo-Saxons,
21. Endeavours of King Alfred to put
it down, 21. Slavery in England under
the Normans, 99
Snowdon, the Welsh take refuge in the
mountainous districts round, 273
Socage tenure in land, the origin of rent,
Somerset, meaning of the name, 33
Sorel, Mount, castle of, in the hands of the
party of Louis of France, 164. Besieged
by the forces of Henry III., 164. The
place relieved by Louis, 164
Southampton, origin of the name, 34
Stamford, parliament held at, 360
Standard, the battle of the, 55. The Stan-
dard, 56
Stephen, King of England, succeeds to the
throne,53. His contests for the throne with
Matilda, and David, King of Scotland, 54.
Cruelties of the Norman Barons in his
reign, 54. Defeats David and Matilda at
the battle of Northallerton, 55. Taken
prisoner, 55. Allowed to keep the throne
during his lifetime, 56. His death, 56
Stewart, the royal family of. See Walter,
High Steward
Stirling, castle of, taken by Edward I., 303.
Laid in ruins by Wallace, 317. Siege of
Stirling Castle under Edward I., 323.
Greek fire used against the besieged, 324.
Surrender of the garrison, 324. Besieged
by Sir Edward Bruce, 378. Truce con-
cluded till midsummer, 378. Immense
preparations made by Edward II. for the
relief of the castle, 378. Strong position
of Stirling, 381
Stirling Bridge, battle of, 311, 312
Stonehenge, druidical remains of, 7
Stourbridge fair, its antiquity, 180
Strabo, his notice of the ancient Britons, 3, 4
Suffolk, origin of the name of, 34
Surrey, meaning of the name, 34. Ravaged
by the Normans under William I., 44
Surrey, Earl of. See Warrenne
Sussex, foundation of the Saxon kingdom of,
16. Meaning of the name, 34
Sutherland, origin of the name of the county
of, 33
Sweyn, his attack on and repulse from
London, 25. Crowned King of England,
TALLIES, wooden, use of, 299, note
Tarshish, the, of the Prophet Ezekiel, 3
Taxes, no regular, in the time of Henry III.,
183
Templars, Knights, history of the rise and
overthrow of the, 350
Temple, three hundred youths knighted in
the Temple Gardens, 329, 330
Temporalities, the King's right to keep the,
to himself, 184
Tenant, mode of investiture of a, under the
feudal system, 86
Tenants in chief, in the feudal system, 82
Tenure of land, forms of tenure,82. Socage
tenure, 83. Free service and base service,
83. Certain and uncertain service, 84.
Other and curious forms of tenure, 84.
Tenure under the feudal system, 82, 98.
See Land
Thanes, or lords, of the Anglo-Saxons, 29,
101. What constituted the thane, 101
Thetford, taken by the Danes, 19
Tin, the Phoenician trade in, in the British
Islands, 3. The Celtic mode of getting
the tin, 4
Tithing, the division of land so called, 31
Tithing-man, or head-borough, his duty, 32
Tooley Street, probable meaning of the
name, 36
Totness, woollen manufactures of, in the 13th
century, 261
Tournaments, 93. Origin of, 94. Tourna-
ment given by Piers Gaveston at the
VOL. I.
VALEdward II. on Piers Graveston, 349
VALERY, St., honours of, conferred by
Vassalage, form of the oath of, 85. Taken
with great solemnity, 85. Ancient fealty
oath of the Anglo-Saxons, 86
Villeins, thralls, or slaves, of the Normans
under the feudal system, 99. Position
occupied by them in the community, 99.
Originally consisted perhaps of conquered
Britons, 99. Laws respecting them,
99. Villeins in gross, 99. Conditions of
land held in villeinage, 100
Villeinage. See Villeins
Vineyards in England in the time of William
the Conqueror, 49. Of the 13th century,
260
WALERAN, Hugh de, the government
of the castle of Dover given by Henry
III. to, 211
Wales ravaged by the Danes, 24. Called
Bretland by the Danes, 24. All the
counties of, called shires, except An-
glesey, 32. Wars of Edward I. with,
268. The conquest of Wales not ori-
ginally part of a plan for the union of
Great Britain, 268. The Britons take
refuge in Wales on the Saxon invasion,
269. Divisions of the principality during
the Saxon period, 269. The Welsh king of
Powys compelled by Offa, King of Mercia,
to retreat beyond the Wye, 269. Wars
constantly going on between the English
and Welsh borderers, 269. The Lord
Marchers, 269. Origin of the wars with
Wales, 270. Prince Llewellyn summoned
to do homage to Edward I., but refuses,
270. And allies himself with the King
of France, Philip III., 271. Angles-ey
taken by Edward I., 273. All Wales,
except Anglesey, given up to the English,
273. The castle of Llan-padarn Vawr,
or Aberystwith, rebuilt by Edward I., 273.
Belief of the Welsh in the return of King
Arthur to earth, 275. Edward I. seeks
to destroy this idea, 275. Visit of
Llewellyn to London, where his nobles
and retainers are laughed at, 277. Sum-
moned to attend a parliament, but refuses,
278.
Married to a cousin of Edward I.,
278. A Welsh superstition respecting
round money in England, 279. Breaking
out of a new rebellion in Wales, 279.
Edward's second invasion, 280. Con-
ditions of peace offered by Edward, 280.
Refused by Llewellyn, 280. Edward
retires to Worcester, 281. Summons a
large army the following year to invade
Wales, 281. A bridge of boats built
across the Menai Straits, 281. Llewellyn
killed, and the wars with Wales ended,
282, 283. Rebellion in Wales, 300. The
forces under Edmund, Earl of Lancaster,
ordered to North Wales, 300. The Welsh
entirely subdued, 301. The sea-coast
garrisoned, and the woods cut down, 30]
Wales, Prince of, the first, 283. The title
of Prince of Wales, 283, 336
Wallace, William, his immense strength,
309. Heads the revolt in Scotland, 309.
Joined by Sir William Douglas and his
vassals, 309. And by Robert Bruce,
Earl of Carrick, 310. Defeats the
English at the battle of Stirling Bridge,
311. Surrender of all the English
castles in Scotland to him, 312. Second
invasion of Scotland, 313. Ravages
Northumberland and Cumberland, 314.
Commits great cruelties in the North of
England, 314. Hexham monastery plun-
dered by his soldiers, 314. Marches
homewards, 315. Elected governor of
Scotland, 315. Jealousy of the Scotch
nobles, and its ill effects, 315. De-
feated at the battle of Falkirk, 316.
Retreats to the woods in the neigh-
bourhood, and still continues his tactics
of laying waste the country, 316. Com-
pels Edward to return to England, 317.
Resigns the office of governor of Scotland,
317. Driven by the English into the
wilds and fastnesses, 323. Summoned
to surrender, 323. A price put upon his
head, 323. Betrayed and put to death
by Edward I., 324
Wallingford Castle, Prince Edward (after-
wards Edward I.) confined in, 220.
Honours of, conferred by Edward II. on
Piers Gaveston, 349. Tournament given
by Gaveston at, 350
Walter, the High Steward of Scotland, com-
mands part of Bruce's army at the battle
of Bannockburn, 383. Married to Mar-
jory, daughter of King Robert Bruce, 387.
The ancestor of the Stewarts, 387
Waltham, Queen Eleanor's cross at, 291
Wardrobes, extent of royal, in the thirteenth
century, 256
Warrenne and Surrey, John de, Earl of,
swears fealty to Edward I., 262. His
resistance to the writ of Quo Warranto
issued by Edward I., 276. Defeats the
Scottish army at Dunbar, 303. Ap-
pointed by Edward I. governor of Scot-
land, 303, 307
Warrenne, William de, Earl of Surrey, com-
mands the English forces at the battle of
Stirling Bridge, 311. Defeated by Wallace,
311, 312. Flees to England, 312. Re-
fuses to attend Edward II. to Scotland,
379
Warwick, Earl of, joins the confederacy of
the Barons to resist Edward II., 366.
Seizes Piers Gaveston and carries him to
Warwick Castle, 367. Refuses to attend
Edward II. to Scotland, 379
Watling Street, formed by the Romans, 13
Welsh language, the, 5
Welsh, incursions of the, repressed by Henry
III., 188
Wendover, Roger of, 235
Wessex, foundation of the Saxon kingdom
of, 16. Overrun by the Danes, 25. Again
under Canute, 26
Westminster, the Court of Common Pleas
held at, 115. The various courts fixed
at, 119. A new fair at, proclaimed by
Henry III., 200
Westminster, the first statutes of, passed,
266. Provisions of the, 266-268
Westminster Abbey, tomb of Henry III.
in, 233. Rebuilt by Henry III., 234.
Coronation of Edward I. in, 265. Com-
pletion of the Abbey, 284. History of
the former churches which existed on its
site, 284
Westmoreland purchases a truce with the
Scots, 376
Wheathampstead, meeting of the King's am-
bassadors and the discontented Barons
at, 368
Whichwood, in Oxfordshire, mention of, in
Domesday Book, 252
White Horse, the, at Wantage, 20. Scouring
of the White Horse, 20
Wigmore. See Mortimer, Roger, Earl of
Wigmore
William the Conqueror, his invasion of
His claim to the throne,
England, 39.
39. Gains the battle of Hastings, 39, 40.
His descent from Rollo of Norway, 42.
Advances towards London, 44. Ravages
Surrey, Buckinghamshire, and Hertford-
Takes his stand at Great
shire, 44, 45.
Submission of the
Berkhamsted, 45.
Builds
Anglo-Saxon chiefs there, 45.
the Tower of London, 45. Enters London
and is crowned in Westminster Abbey,
45. Ravages the North of England and
completely breaks the power of the Anglo-
Saxons, 45. Creates the New Forest of
Establishes the curfew
Hampshire, 46.
bell, 46. Has the Domesday Book drawn
Takes all the
up, 47. His death, 49.
land in the kingdom himself, 81. His
introduction of the feudal system into
England, 95. Way in which he introduced
it, 96. Grants land in Richmondshire
to Alan, Count of Britanny, 97. Number
of manors he seized for himself and his
followers, 98. Separates the ecclesiastical
from the civil courts, 140
William Rufus, second son of William the
Conqueror, seizes the throne of England,
50. At war with his brother Robert,
Duke of Normandy, 50. His death, 52
Wills, matters relative to, settled by the Ec-
clesiastical Courts, 140, 144
Wiltshire, origin of the name of, 34
Wimborne Forest, mention of, in Domesday
Book, 252
Winchelsea captured from the adherents of
the Barons by Prince Edward (afterwards
Edward I.), 231. The Count de Nevers
made Earl of, 162
Winchester, castle of, recovered from the
French, 164. The great fair of St. Giles's
Hill, near, 181. Sacked by Simon de
Montfort the Younger, 225
Winchester, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of,
Windsor, the country round, plundered by
Edward, son of Henry III., 214. Taken
from the Bar ns by Henry III., 215. The
castle decorated and ornamented by Henry
III., 234
Windsor Forest, mention of, in Domesday
Book, 252
Wine, kinds of, drunk in the 13th century,
Great trade
250. English wine, 260.
in claret in the reign of Edward I., 261
Witena-gemote, or greater King's council,
of the Anglo-Saxons, 102, 103. The
witena-gemote the Parliament of the
Anglo-Saxons, 103. Its similarity to the
House of Lords rather than to the House
of Commons, 103, 104. The members not
elected, but sat by right, 104
Witnesses, origin of, in trials, 127
Women, control of a feudal lord over the
marriage of, 87. But not over that of
females above sixty years of age, 87.
Abuse of this right, 88. Knights bound
especially to the defence of women, 93
Woods, dense, of England, in the 13th cen-
tury, 251
Wool trade, extent of the, of England, in the
13th century, 261. Woollen manufactories
in England at this period, 261
Worcester, King John's tomb at, 73. The
city taken by the Royalists, 224
Wrestling match in the reign of Henry III.,
one, 174
173, 174. Riot arising out of
Writ of Quo Warranto, 118.
the Barons by Edward I., and resisted by
them, 274
Wye, the, the boundary of Wales during the
Saxon period, 269
Wyre, Forest of, Parliament of the Barons
held in the, 307
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