XIV. CHAP. to be lawful:-but Antoninus in his time saw it, and read it there,) "that these debated books had no such authority, as the other Sacred Scriptures had, whereby any man might effectually argue, or firmly prove any matter of Faith from them." Besides, there was a great Thomist, who maintained it against Catharin', that there was nothing more clear than that Thomas Aquinas was of this mind; and, for proof thereof, he sends him to the place before cited. However, therefore, Canus and Catharin were pleased to take it, it was the judg ment of other learned and unbiassed men, that this great schoolman herein differed not from the doctors of his own age. A.D. 12758. CXL. At this time, after Gratian had set forth his Decree, the Canonists that made their glosses upon it were in great account; and, next the Ordinary Gloss upon the Bible, no books were more esteemed than theirs. The first, (or the second, at least",) that glossed the Canon Law, was John Semeca, commonly called Teutonicus, being a German, and the Provost of Halberstade there, in the Duke of Brunswick's country. But Alb. Krantzius gives him the honour of writing f Catharin., Annot. in [de Commentar. Card.] Cajet. p. 54. impress. Paris. 1535, [cap. De libro Ecclesiastici, &c. Quasi ovans atque triumphans ante victoriam, insuper hæc objecisti. Cogor invitus tua verba inducere.] Scribis enim: Vis idem quoque tibi ostendam ex S. Thoma, aliquot scilicet libros sacros recipi quidem ab ecclesia, qui tamen non sunt canonici, neque idonei ad probandam Fidem, quibus frequenter utitur in divino cultu? Sed ut magis tibi erubescendum sit, hoc ostendam ex libro Ecclesiastici, quem tu manifesto [et impudenti] mendacio dixisti esse canonicum secundum sententiam Thomæ. Vide [igitur] S. Thomam, prima parte, q. 89. art. ult. ad. 2., ubi dicit [Samuelem apparuisse Sauli per revelationem Divinam, secundum quod dicitur Ecclesiastic. 49. (lege 46.) quod "dormivit Samuel, et notum fecit Regi finem suum. "Hæc est prima solutio, et statim subdit aliam, dicens: Vel illa apparitio fuit facta per dæmones, si Ecclesiastici auctoritas non recipitur propter hoc, quod inter canonicas Scripturas apud Hebræos non habetur. Hæc tu ad literam et statim quasi victor ovans et exultans, capta præda, aut forte ut me verborum strepitu deterreres, ac stupidum redderes, subjungis:] Quid clarius dicere potuit? [Tu vero audi, quæso, pauca æquo animo. Primo arguis me, quod impudenti et manifesto mendacio dixerim Ecclesiastici librum secundum Thomæ sententiam esse canonicum. At, si hoc nunquam dixi, nonne tu vere mendax et impudens ex ore tuo constitueris? &c.] s [Vid. Cave, tom. ii. p. 301.-Johannes Semeca... obiit anno 1267. (al. ann. 1243, vel ann. 1246.-Vid. not. f. ibid.) Scripsit glossam, &c.] Anton., Sum. Hist., tit. xviii. cap. 6. initio. [Vid. Chronic. Op., tom. iii. p. 66. ed. Lugd. 1586.] Primus Glossator [ejus] (Decreti,) [seu commentator,] fuit Hugo seu Huguitio. Secundus, qui glossavit, fuit Johannes Teutonicus; et ista est Glossa communis cum [in] textu. [Conf. Decret., Greg. XIII. jussu edit., Censor. Cardinal. Præmonit., ubi infr. not. ad lit. Idem testatur Huguitio, vetustissimus hujus Codicis interpres.] TEST. his gloss upon the Decree before all others; and says, that none did it better after him. Howsoever, this testimony he CENT. XIII. hath both from the Popek, and from his Cardinals', that he was a pious and catholic writer. In this writer then upon the Canon Law, "the books of Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Judith, Tobit, and the Maccabees" are said plainly to be "apocryphalm," though they be "permitted to be read;" adding, "that the very reading of them was, peradventure, not so generally neither received, and used in all Churches." Whereupon they were wont before Luther's time, and the time of the Trent council, to print it in the margin of this Canon-Gloss", "that the Bible had some apocryphal books in it." Neither will the exceptions of Driedo° and AndradiusP serve their turn, i Krantz., Saxon. lib. viii. cap. 27. [ed. Francof. 1575. tom. ii. p. 220.Quo tempore floruit] Johannes Semeca Teutonicus, insignis Juris Doctor, qui [Herculea audacia] primus ausus est [aggressus est] glossare Decretum : quod ante eum nemo, et post eum nullus excellentius, fecit [facere potuit.] * Greg. XIII., Præf. in Decret. Gr. [Corp. Jur. Can. Greg. XIII. jussu editum, ed. 4to. Colon. 1631.Quibus, cum] (veteres Glossarum auctores) viri pii et Catholici fuerint, [ignoscendum videtur, siquid, &c.] 1 Censores Cardinal. Præmonit. ad Lector. [Præf. ad Decret. ubi supr., ed. 4to. Colon. 1631. § ult.] Quod ad Glossas pertinet, illæ pios et Catholicos auctores habuerunt. [The exact words are: Quod ad Glossas pertinet, quæ pios et Catholicos auctores habuerunt, ... ea in margine sunt notata. ] Glossa in C. Canones, Dist. xvi. [Vid. Decret., ed. Lut. Par. 1561. p. 62; item, ed. Par. 1518. fol. 15.Gloss. ad verb. 'Atque inter Apocrypha.'-Id est, sine certo auctore; ut] Sapientia [Salomonis,] liber Ecclesiastici, [Jesu filii Sirach, qui dicitur Ecclesiasticus, et] Judith, [liber Judicum, et] Tobiæ, et [liber] Maccab.; [hi] dicuntur Apocryphi; et tamen leguntur, sed forte non generaliter. n Ibid. ad Marg., edit. Paris. 1510. -Biblia habet aliquos libros Apocryphos. [Vid. ed. Par. 1518. fol. 15; item, ed. Lut. Par. 1561. p. 62; ubi supr. not. m.] Driedo, de Dogm. Eccles., lib. i. cap. 4. ad ix. difficult. [ed. Lovan. 1556. tom. i. fol. 21.] Nec admittenda est Glossa Juris Canonici, quando di- P Andrad., Defens. Fid. Trid., lib. XIV. CHAP. when they say "that the Gloss, by the reason which it here gives for excluding these books from the canon of Scripture, may as well exclude the books of Job and the Judges, because it is not certainly known who was the author of them." For the Gloss intended, not only to apply that uncertainty to the simple and bare names of the authors, but to their condition and quality; because the Church was not certain, whether they, that wrote these later and controverted books, had the inspiration of God's Spirit to guide them, as we are sure the writers of the canonical books of Scripture had, whoever they were that penned them. For thus are we taught to understand them, both by the Ordinary Gloss before', and by other doctors of the Church hereafters. A. D. 1290". CXLI. Little reason is there in this exception, that Driedo and Andradius took against Semeca: but the reason, that the Gregorian and Cardinal Censurers of his Gloss have given against him, is much worse. For they have nothing else to say, but that the council of Trent hath decreed to make these books canonicalt, which he and the consent of the Church in his time accounted to be apocryphal. Of the council at Trent we shall say enough, when we come in order to it hereafter. In the mean while there was no such decree or council in Semeca's age, who proposed the common and received doctrine of his own time. CXLII. There was yet another doctor in this age, among Sapientiæ, Ecclesiastici, Tobiæ, Judi- Glossa, ubi supra; [not. ad lit. m. Glossa Ordin., supra. [Vid. num. Tostatus, [Præf. in Matt. quæst. ii. tom. ix. fol. 2.-Alii sunt libri, qui, licet ab Ecclesia teneantur, in canone tamen non ponuntur ; &c. . . . Hoc autem est propter duo: primo, quia Ecclesia non est certa de auctoribus eorum; imo, nescit an, Spiritu Sancto inspirati, scriptores eorum dictaverunt eos.... Cum autem dubitatur . . . de scriptoribus eorum, an Spiritu Sancto moti sint, adimitur auctoritas illorum, et non ponit illos Ecclesia in canone librorum suorum. Secundo, quia Ecclesia non est certa circa tales libros, an ultra id, quod habuerunt a propriis auctoribus, hæretici aliquid miscuerint; &c.-Vid. num. clxii.] Et alii infra. t Censores Gregoriani, in illa verba Glossatoris, Dist. xvi. [Vid. Decret. jussu Greg. XIII. edit. ad exemplar Rom. ed. Par. 1612. col. 64. marg.] Quinimo illi libri non sunt apocryphi, sed canonici; utcunque Catholici de iis dubitabant. Sic enim Concil. Trident. Sess. iv. definivit. [The latter part of the passage, in this edition, runs differently: 'quamvis olim quidam etiam Catholici de illis dubitaverint. Concil. Trident. sess. iv. De can. Script.'] [Vid. Possevini Apparat. Sacr., tom. ii. p. 117.-Joannes Balbus Ge the schoolmen, that wrote a book, which he entitled The Catholicon,-a book which is not now extant, but mentioned by Antoninus; and Sixtus Senensis telleth us, that his name was John Balbus, an Italian, and one of the preaching Friars. In this book, though he distinguisheth well between two sorts of apocryphal writings, among which he holdeth those that be in the Bible to be the best, yet he lets them stand there with that name, and this mark upon them, "That the Church receives them not for any proof of our Faith, but for the instruction of our life." To which purpose he produceth S. Hierome's Prologue upon the Kings; which was then the general known rule for the true canon of Scripture, and approved by all men in their public lectures, both schoolmen and canonists. TEST. CENT. XIII. CHAPTER XV. THE TESTIMONIES OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. CXLIII. We will begin this age with one of the Greek writers, the better to shew the agreement, which in this particular was still continued between the Oriental and the Occidental Churches. Andronicus the Elder was now Emperor of the East; and under him lived Nicephorus Callistus, a nuensis, Ord. Prædic., scripsit commentaria in quatuor Evangelia; quæ extare MS. in conventu Genuensi ejusdem ordinis, testatur Sixtus Senensis : librum item Quæstionum Theologicarum animæ ad Spiritum: dictionarium, quod inscripsit Catholicon: tractatum ad invenienda Festa Mobilia. Vivebat ann. 1280.] Antonin., par. iii. tit. xix. cap. 5. [This is a false reference.-Vid. Sum. Theol., tit. xviii. cap. 6. § 3. ed. Argent. 1496. ut infr. not. ad lit. 2.] Sixt. Senens., Biblioth. lib. iv. [ed. Lugd. 1575. tom. i. p. 277.-Joannes Balbus, Genuensis, ordinis prædicatorum, auctor Latini dictionarii, cui Catholicon titulus est, vir Scholastica Theologia imbutus, claruit anno Domini 1280.] ... Antonin., Sum. [Theol. par. iii. tit. xviii. cap. 6. § 3.] supra citata, [not, ad lit. x.] Et dicitur dupliciter liber Apocryphus; vel quia auctor igno- a [Vid. Cave, tom. ii. Append. sæc. A. D. 1300. XV. CHAP. known writer, though not greatly commended for his History. But the testimony, that we now produce from him, is attested by a doctor of Salamanca in Spain': wherein he numbereth the books of Scripture that the Church acknowledged in his time; and those of the Old Testament he reckoneth to be twenty-two: taking notice of them, (but not approving Vid. supra, them,) that receive Esther, Tobit, and Judith into the Bible, over and besides the legitimate number of historical books there, whereof he accounteth but twelve, together with five poetical, and five prophetical; concluding, that all the rest are no genuine Scriptures. And there was never yet any of the Greek Church that said otherwise. num. lvi. A. D. 1310 f. CXLIV. In Sicily, at this times, Johannes de Columnat was archbishop of Messina, the author of the book that is called The Sea of Histories: where all the six apocryphal books are named, and said "not to be numbered within the canon of divine Scriptures', though otherwise allowed by b Martinez, in Hypotyp., lib. i. cap. 7.-Afferam tamen duo epigrammata Nicephori Callisti, in quibus utriusque Instrumenti libros breviter colligit, ex Nazianzeno desumpta. [This work has not been met with.] c Idem, ibid. —Intellige libros, quibus Nicephori ætate Ecclesia auctoritatem tribuebat. d Niceph. Callist., [гpapns dons § τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης αἱ βίβλοι.] [Not mentioned by Cave.-Vid. Anton. Possevini Apparat. Sacr., tom. ii. p. 161.-Johannes Columna, Ord. Præd. Archiepiscopus Messanensis, scripsit Mare Historiarum, libros decem.-But his date is not given.] Genebrard., Chron. lib. iv. [Chronograph., ed. Lugd. 1599. p. 670.Joannes de Columna, auctor libri cujus titulus est Mater Historiarum; &c.Vide locum.] La Mer des Histoires,' according to the French version. [Francis Douce says of la Mer des Histoires,' that "there were several works under this title;" and that this particular one is a translation of the Rudimentum,' (q. v.) ascribed to Mochartus, and “a different work from the Mare Historiarum of Johan, de Columna."-See a MS. note, attached to the first volume of the copy of 'la Mer des Histoires' in the Douce Library in the Bodleian.] Ibid., vol. ii. Aage vi. chap. 12. [feuil. 101. ed. Par. 1488.-Tiercement, sont les livres des Apocryphes, qui ne sont point comptez ne nombrez au sainct canon des Escriptures, ja soit ce que par l'Esglise ils soient approuvez, comme sont les livres de Sapience, Ecclésiastique, Judith, Tobie, et plusieurs autres, que nomme S. Jerome, &c.-Conf. Rudimentum, ed. Lubec. 1475. fol. 317.] |