and great suffering followed. De Luna marched back to Pensacola, whence, in two vessels that had been saved or built there, he sent to the viceroy of Mexico for succor. Relief came, but the discontent of the remnant of his colony caused his return to Vera Cruz in 1561. He died in Yucatan, in 1571. Lundy, BENJAMIN, philanthropist; born in Hardwick, N. J., Jan. 4, 1789; became an abolitionist about 1810. In 1815 he founded the "Union Humane Society," an anti-slavery organization, in St. Clairsville, O. During different periods of his life he established anti-slavery papers in several States. He is said to have been the first to have made anti-slavery addresses and to have founded anti-slavery periodicals. He died in Lowell, Ill., Aug. 22, 1839. Lundy's Lane, BATTLE AT. The contest near the great cataract of the Niagara is known in history by the names of "Bridgewater," "Niagara Falls," and "Lundy's Lane." The latter is better known. On his retreat from the battleground at Chippewa, July 5, 1814, the British general, Riall, fled down the borders of the Niag ara River to Queenston, put some of his troops in Fort George, and made his headquarters near the lake, 20 miles westward. Drummond was mortified by this discomfiture of his veteran troops by what he deemed to be raw Americans, and he resolved to wipe out the stain. He drew most of the meet the latter. In the mean time Brown, after burying the dead and caring for the wounded, had moved forward to Queenston and menaced Fort George. He expected to see Chauncey with his squadron on the Niagara River to co-operate with him, but that commander was sick at Sackett's Harbor, and his vessels were blockaded there. Brown waited many days for the squadron. Losing all hope of aid from Chauncey, he fell back to the Chippewa battle-ground. On the 24th intelligence reached him that Drummond, with 1,000 men, many of them Wellington's veterans, had landed at Lewiston, opposite Queenston, with a view to seizing the American stores at Schlosser, above the falls. Brown ordered Scott to march rapidly with a part of the army and threaten the forts at the mouth of the river. Towards evening on the 24th Scott went forward with his brigade, Towson's artillery, and a few mounted men, and near the verge of the great cataract he saw some British officers leave a house, mount their horses, and ride rap SITE OF THE BRITISH BATTERY-1860. troops from Burlington Bay, York, Kingston, and Prescott, with a determination to drive the invaders out of Canada. With a force about one-third greater than that of Brown, Drummond pushed forward to idly away. Believing an advance guard of the British were near, Scott dashed into the woods to disperse them, when he was confronted by Riall with a larger force that he had at Chippewa. The Americans were in great peril. To stand still would be fatal; to retreat would be hazardous, for it might create a panic in the main army. So Scott resolved to fight the overwhelming force. At sunset a desperate battle was begun, which ended at near midnight. Riall's force was 1,800 strong, posted in slightly crescent form on an eminence over which passed Lundy's Lane, a highway stretching westward from the Niagara River. Upon that eminence the British had planted a battery. Scott perceived a blank between the British left and the river, and ordered Major. attempted to retake the battery (consistJesup with his command to crawl cau- ing of five brass cannon) but failed, even When within short musket-range of the battery, they could see the gunners with their glowing linstocks, ready to act at the word fire. Selecting two good marksmen, Miller directed each to rest his rifle on the fence, select a gunner, and fire at a given signal. Very soon every gunner fell, when Miller and his men rushed forward and captured the battery. This gallant exploit secured a victory; not, however, until a terrible hand-to-hand fight in the darkness with the protectors of the guns had ensued. The British fell back. They JAMES MILLER'S MEDAL tiously, in the evening twilight, through after being reinforced by 1,500 men sent the underbrush that covered the space and forward by Drummond from Queenston. turn that flank. Jesup obeyed, and suc- Meanwhile, General Scott had been fightcessfully gained the British rear and ing desperately but successfully, and had kept back reinforcements sent by Drum- been severely wounded by a musket-ball in mond. At the same time Scott was hotly his shoulder. General Brown was also engaged with Riall. Brown, apprised of severely wounded, and the command dethe situation, had pressed forward with volved upon General Ripley. The Brithis whole army and engaged in the fight. ish were repulsed, and the Americans fell Perceiving the key of the British posi- back to Chippewa, with orders from Gention to be the battery on the hill, he eral Brown to return after a brief rest, turned to Col. James Miller, of the 27th before the dawn, and occupy the battleRegulars, and asked, "Can you storm that field. The always tardy and disobedient work and take it?" "I'll try," was the Ripley failed to obey the order, and the prompt reply. With 300 men he moved British returned and took possession of steadily up the hill in the darkness, the battery (excepting one piece) and the along a fence lined with thick bushes that field. The battle had been fought by hid his troops from the view of the gun- about 4,500 British troops and 2,600 ners and their protectors who lay near. Americans. The latter lost in killed, wounded, and missing, nearly one-third of their whole number; the British lost 878, or twenty-six more than the Americans. Both armies claimed a victory. Ripley, whose disobedience caused the Americans to lose the advantages of a victory won at midnight, led the army to Fort Erie, where he was soon afterwards superseded by Gen. E. P. Gaines. The exploit of Miller in capturing the battery was considered one of the most brilliant of the war. The moment that General Brown met Miller afterwards, he said, "You have immortalized yourself." Congress voted him the thanks of the nation and a gold medal. Lunt, GEORGE, author; born in Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 31, 1803; graduated at Harvard College in 1824; became a lawyer in his native town in 1827. He took an active interest in State and national politics; and was United States district attorney during the administration of President Taylor. He wrote Three Eras of New England; The Union, a Poem; Origin of the Late War; Old New England Traits, etc. He died in Boston, May 17, 1885. ANNE CESAR DE LA LUZERNE. as ambassador to London, where he died, Sept. 14, 1791. Luzon, the principal and most northerly island of the Philippine group; between the Chinese Sea and the Pacific Ocean and lat. 12° 30′ and 18° 40′ N. and long. 119° 45' and 124° 10' E.; area, 44,400 square miles; population, estimated by the United States military authorities in 1898, 3,426,000. It comprises the portion of the Philippine Islands with which Lutheran Church. The first Lutherans came to New Amsterdam in 1621, but Dr. H. M. Mühlenberg is generally rec- Americans are most familiar because of ognized as the founder of the Church in America, although the first Lutheran minister ministered to the Swedish Lutherans in New Sweden in 1638. In 1890 the Church consisted of 48 synods, 4,692 ministers, 70,948 congregations with a membership of 1,099,876. In 1900 the communicants numbered 1,665,878. Luzerne, ANNE CESAR DE LA, diplo matist; born in Paris in 1741. Having risen to the rank of colonel in the French army, he studied the art of diplomacy, and, in 1776, was sent as an envoy to Barranca. He succeeded Gerard as minister to the United States, in September, 1779, and remained here four years, gaining the esteem of the Americans by his friendship, wisdom, and prudence. In 1783 he returned to France, bearing the cordial thanks of Congress; and after the organization of the national government in 1789, President Washington caused the Secretary of State to write a letter to Luzerne, making an official acknowledgment of his services. In 1788 Luzerne was sent v.-21 the initial naval operations in Manila Bay and the subsequent movements of United States troops against the Filipino insurgents. The surface of the island is to a large extent mountainous, showing volcanic formations, and there are also vast tracts of swampy land which greatly embarrassed the American military authorities in their pursuit of Aguinaldo. The island is rich in economic productions, and there are also indications of mineral resources of large value that are awaiting intelligent development. These include gold, coal, copper, lead, iron, sulphur, marble, and kaolin. In agriculture Luzon and Mindoro, separated from it by San Bernardino Strait, yield crops of rice and corn, an amount usually inadequate for home consumption. The best quality and largest amount of tobacco is grown on Luzon, and in the southern portion of the island hemp and cocoanut are cultivated extensively. There is a large internal commerce between Manila and the different islands in the group, carried on al497 most exclusively by water. At the time tary contributions. Over 500 pupils were of the cession of the islands to the United States there was but a single line of railway, built by English capital, and extending from Manila north to Dagupan, about half the distance between the extreme northern and southern extremities of the island. The roads in the immediate vicinity of Manila are macadamized and generally in good condition; elsewhere they are of dirt, and become almost impassable in the rainy season. The different provinces of the island are connected with Manila by telegraph lines, and there are cables from that city to the southern islands in the group and also to Borneo, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Manila has a street railway, a telephone service and electric lights. Since the occupation of the island by the United States the work of modernizing the various public activities has progressed with much success, and with a rapidity surprising in view of the natural and artificial obstacles. The Philippine Commission appointed by President McKinley became the legislative body of the archipelago on Sept. 1, 1900, with power to take and appropriate insular moneys; to establish judicial and educational systems; and to make and execute all laws necessary to Americanize the archipelago. The early results of this new governing body were seen in the establishment of new school laws; in the organization of a competent judiciary; in the improvement in the different provinces of Luzon, as well as in the other islands of the group. In no field has the new order of things worked so quickly and beneficially as in the educational. The new public school law is modelled on the methods pursued in the United States. The general superintendent of education is Dr. F. W. Atkinson, and a considerable number of teachers are, like him, from the United States. The native youth are very quick to learn, and, at the close of 1900, there were thirty-six public schools in Manila alone, under the superintendence of Rev. George P. Anderson. On June 29, 1900, a college of primary and secondary education was opened in Manila, being the first educational enterprise in the Philippines that was not under the control of the priests, and that depended for support on volun enrolled at the opening. During the calendar year 1899 the imports of merchandise at the port of Manila alone aggregated $17,450,412, and, with gold and silver coin, $18,701,469. Lyman, BENJAMIN SMITH, geologist; born in Northampton, Mass., Dec. 11, 1835; graduated at Harvard College in 1855; studied in Paris in 1859-61, and in Saxony in 1861-62; was assistant geologist of the State of Iowa in 1859; spent several years in private geological and mining engineering work; and was assistant geologist of the State of Pennsylvania in 1887-95. Mr. Lyman has travelled extensively in the United States, Europe, India, and Japan; is a member of many scientific societies; and has published numerous papers and reports on his various employments.. Lyman, PHINEAS, military officer; born in Durham, Conn., about 1716. Educated at Yale College, he was a tutor there from 1738 to 1741. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, but finally became a lawyer in Suffield. There he was a magistrate for some years, and took a conspicuous part in the disputes between Massachusetts and Connecticut concerning the town of Suffield. At the breaking out of the French and Indian War he was commander-in-chief of the Connecticut forces; he built Fort Lyman (afterwards Fort Edward), on the upper Hudson, and fought and won the battle at the head of Lake George in 1755. In 1758 he served under General Abercrombie, and was with Lord Howe when he was killed. He was also at the capture of Crown Point and Montreal, and, in 1762, led provincial troops against Havana. In 1763 General Lyman went to England to get prizemoney for himself and fellow-officers and to solicit a grant of land on the Mississippi for a company called "Military Adventurers." He returned to America in 1774, at which time a tract near Natchez was granted to the petitioners; and thither he went with his eldest son, and died soon after reaching west Florida, as the region was then called, near the present Natchez, Miss., Sept. 10, 1774. The emigrants suffered great hardships, and on the conquest of the country by the Spaniards (1781-82) they took refuge in Savannah. Lyman, THEODORE, author; born in Mediterranean Sea. He joined the ConBoston, Mass., Feb. 20, 1792; gradu- federates in 1861, and was made a comated at Harvard College in 1810; member mander in the navy, in which he served of the Massachusetts legislature in 1820- throughout the Civil War. He died in 25; mayor of Boston in 1834-35. During Baltimore, Md., Oct. 17, 1865. the latter year he saved William Lloyd Garrison from the fury of a mob, endangering his own life. He was the author of Account of the Hartford Convention; The Diplomacy of the United States with Foreign Nations, etc. He died in Brookline, Mass., July 18, 1849. Lynch Law, the name given to the summary operations of a mob, or a few private individuals, independently of the legal authorities. It is said to derive its name from John Lynch, a farmer, who exercised it upon the fugitive slaves and criminals dwelling in the Dismal Swamp, N. C., when they committed outrages upon persons and property which the colonial Lynch, JAMES DANIEL, author; born in Mecklenburg county, Va., Jan. 6, 1836; graduated at the University of North law could not promptly redress. Carolina in 1859; served in the Confed- Lyon, MATTHEW, legislator; born in erate army during the Civil War, and County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1746; emiafter its close practised law in West Point, Miss. Among his publications are The Bench and Bar of Mississippi; The Bench and Bar of Texas; Kemper County Vindicated, or Reconstruction in Mississippi; and the poems, The Clock of Destiny; The Star of Texas; The Siege of the Alamo; and Columbia Saluting the Nations, written for the World's Columbian Exposition. grated to America at the age of thirteen, and was assigned to a Connecticut farmer for a sum of money to pay for his passage. Subsequently he settled in Vermont and became lieutenant in a company of “Green Mountain Boys," in 1775, but was cashiered for deserting his post. He served in the Northern Army awhile afterwards, and held the rank of colonel while serving as commissary-general of militia. In 1778 Lynch, THOMAS, signer of the Declara- he was deputy secretary to the governor tion of Independence; born in Prince of Vermont; and after the war he built George parish, S. C., Aug. 5, 1749; was saw-mills and grist-mills, a forge, and of Austrian descent. His father, also a mill for manufacturing paper, where THOMAS, a wealthy patriot, was a member of the Continental Congress from 1774 till his death, in 1776, The son was educated in England, and returned home in 1772, when he settled upon a plantation on the Santee River and married. He was elected to fill the seat of his sick father in Congress near the close of 1775, when he voted for and signed the Declaration of Independence. His own ill-health compelled him to leave Congress in the fall of 1776. Near the close of 1779 he embarked for St. Eustatius, with the intention of proceeding to Europe, but the vessel and all on board were never heard of afterwards. Lynch, WILLIAM FRANCIS, naval officer; born in Norfolk, Va., in April, 1801; entered the navy as midshipman in 1819. In 1847 he was sent on an expedition, proposed by himself, to explore the course of the River Jordan and the coasts of the Dead Sea. He entered upon these duties in the spring of 1848, and completed them with great success. He ascertained the Dead Sea to be 1,312 feet lower than the he had founded the town of Fairhaven, in Rutland county. Lyon served in the State legislature, and was a judge of Rutland county in 1786. He established the Freeman's Library (newspaper), which he conducted with ability. From 1797 to 1801 he was a member of Congress, and gave the vote which made Jefferson President of the United States. For a libel on President Adams, in 1798, he was confined four months in jail and fined $1,000. In 1801 he went to Kentucky, and represented that State in Congress from 1803 to 1811. Ruined pecuniarily by the building of gunboats for the War of 1812-15, he went to Arkansas, and was appointed territorial delegate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat, dying in Spadra Bluff, Aug. 1, 1822. Lyon, NATHANIEL, military officer; born in Ashford, Conn., July 14, 1818; killed in battle, Aug. 10, 1861; graduated at West Point in 1841. He served in the war in Florida and against Mexico, where he gained honors for gallant conduct; be |