been removed to those schools. This, however, is regarded as a temporary arrangement, rendered necessary by the fact that the Law School is at a distance from the college, and that the members of the School of Mines desire the use of certain books at hours at which they could not conveniently have access to the College Library. A handsome collection of German books was added in 1843 to the College Library by the liberality of Professor Tellkampf, who selected them with great care in Germany.

Dr. Anthon died in 1867, after a service of forty-seven years; and Professor Drisler-who, like his instructor and friend, Dr. Anthon, had given the labor of his life to the college-was transferred from the chair of Latin to that of Greek. Charles Short, LL. D., some time President of Kenyon College, in Ohio, succeeded him as Professor of Latin. In May, 1868, two prizes of $300 and $150 respectively, for proficiency in Greek, were established by the Trustees. These were to be contended for at the end of the Junior year, and the examinations were to be upon an entire play of Æschylus, Sophocles, or Euripides, which had not been read in the college course.

In 1864, Professor McVickar retired from active employment and was made Emeritus Professor. His department was committed to the President.

In 1865, Professor Davies was made Emeritus Professor, and his department was committed to Professor Peck, assisted by Mr. J. Howard Van Amringe, A. M., an alumnus of the college, who was appointed Tutor in 1860, was made Adjunct Professor in 1863, and in June, 1873, was made Professor of Mathematics. At the same time (1865) Professor Lieber was transferred to the Law School, and his duties in the college were entrusted to Professor Nairne, with a Tutor. Dr. Lieber died in 1872, and the chair of "Constitutional History and Public Law" has not since been filled.

In 1871, two fellowships in Literature and Science, open upon certain conditions to members of the graduating class, each of the annual value of $500, to be held for three years, were instituted; and at the same time, six scholarships in Classics and Mathematics were established in the Freshman and Sophomore classes, and the like number in the Junior class, in Latin, in Logic and English Literature, in History and Rhetoric, in Chemistry, in Mechanics and in Physics. The next year this scheme was remodeled by dividing the scholarships in the Sophomore and Freshman classes by adding in the latter class a scholarship in Rhetoric, and in the Junior class one in Greek, and by so rearranging the whole as to make fourteen instead

of twelve scholarships, each of the annual value of one hundred dollars.

Columbia College has, at the present time, a Faculty of Arts, a Faculty of Law, a Faculty of Medicine, and a Faculty of Mining and General Science, embracing a President and eighty-seven Professors and other instructors, and, in all the Departments, thirteen hundred and sixty-one students.

School of Law-Columbia College.

The Law School of Columbia College, in its present form, was established in New York city in the year 1858. There had been, at an early day, courses of law lectures delivered by a distinguished jurist and professor in the college, Chancellor Kent. These had attracted much attention, and had been of great service in fitting students to practice at the bar. They had been for many years wholly discontinued, and at the time referred to (1858) there was no systematic instruction in law given by any public institution in the city. The fundamental purpose sought to be attained by the existing organization was to give to students of law a more systematic and comprehensive course of instruction than was to be obtained by the ordi

nary methods of legal education which then prevailed. Though a few law schools were then in existence in other parts of the country, they attracted no considerable body of students, and legal training and admission to the bar were commonly sought through the avenue of the lawyer's office. The inadequacy of this mode of preparation to furnish a proper professional education, affording, as it did, no regular, thorough and well-graded course of legal studies, was believed to render necessary and expedient the establishment of a system of institutional instruction similar to that adopted in academic colleges in teaching other branches of learning. One of the chief objects in view was to impart to the study of jurisprudence a more distinctively scientific character, and to inculcate a knowledge of legal principles by the constant drill of oral recitation on the part of the students, and by familiar expositions given by thoroughly qualified instructors. In the adoption of this method of instruction by daily recitation, the custom, usually observed at that time and subsequently in similar institutions, of teaching by the mere reading of lectures to the students, was designedly much qualified, and this essential feature of the plan upon which the school was founded has, until within a comparatively recent time, constituted its distinguishing characteristic, as com

pared with other law schools. The anticipated advantages to be derived from the system adopted have been abundantly justified in actual experience. The school was organized under the immediate supervision and control of Professor Theodore W. Dwight, who was appointed Warden of the School and Professor of Municipal Law, and who has remained at its head until the present time. Previously to 1858, he had been connected for several years as Professor of Law with Hamilton College, in Clinton, N. Y., from which he was called to assume this position. A regular curriculum of studies in the various subjects of municipal law was arranged by him which should give to the students a thorough knowledge of the principles of all important topics of law and of general jurisprudence. With him were associated to form the Faculty of the Law School, Professors Francis Lieber and Charles M. Nairne, who were also members of the Faculty of the academic department of the college, and in 1860 there was added to this number Dr. John Ordronaux, as Professor of Medical Jurisprudence. The school was located at a distance from the college, so as to be nearer the business portion of the city, and more convenient of access to students, many of whom are connected with lawyers' offices while pursuing their studies in the school, and have,