Gould (I. R.) Customs of the Alaskans. (Carlisle Arrow, Carlisle, Pa., 1911, VIII, No. 4, 1.) Items from old man of Unga on houses (barabaras), courage-test, manner of sleeping and telling when it was morning. Grenfell (W.) The Labrador fishermen. (So. Wkmn., Hampton, Va., 1911, XL, 617-623, 5 fgs.) Notes (p. 622) introduction of reindeer. Today "there are practically no Eskimo south of Hamilton Inlet, but north of that there are about 1,500" (p. 617). Grinnell (G. B.) The great mysteries of the Cheyenne. (Amer. Anthrop., Lancaster, Pa., 1910, N. S., XII, 542575, 2 fgs.) Hagar (S.) The four seasons of the Mexican ritual of infancy. (Ibid., 1911, N. S., XIII, 229-234, 5 fgs.) von Hansemann (D.) Ein syphilitischer Schädel aus Südamerika. (Ztschr. f. Ethnol., Berlin, 1911, XLIII, 128-130, I fg.) Discusses a preColumbian skull (now in the Museum für Völkerkunde) from Salta in the Calchaqui valleys of Argentina, which the author thinks bears on the frontal bone, etc., clear indications of syphilitic disease. Certain injuries to the nose point to subsequent lupus also. Harrington (J. P.) The phonetic system of the Ute language. (Univ. of Colo. Stud., Boulder, 1911, VIII, 199– 222.) Lists vowels and consonants of the Moguache and Capote dialect of the Southern Utes, with numerous word lists exemplifying their uses. Striking instances of modification of sound by sound are noted. Ute has "a voiceless counterpart of every voiced sound." There is no coming together of consonants. Ute speech "is composed of syllables of apparently practically equal length, which each consists either of a vowel only, or of a consonant plus a vowel." A key to the Navaho orthography employed by the Franciscan Fathers. (Amer. Anthrop., Lancaster, Pa., 1911, N. S., XIII, 164–165.) The numerals "two" and "three " in certain Indian languages of the Southwest. (Ibid., 167-168.) The origin of the names Ute and Paiute. (Ibid., 172-173.) A brief description of the Tewa language. (Ibid., 1910, N. S., XII, 497-504.) Hartman (C. V.) Le calebassier de l'Amérique tropicale. (J. Soc. d. Amér. de Paris, 1910 [1911], N. S., VII, 133-145, 4 pls., I fg.) Ethnobotanical study of the calabash-tree (Crescentia cujete) of tropical America, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Salvador, Mexico, etc. The use and ornamentation of the fruit are described, and, on pp. 13-15, is given (French text only) an Aztec legend of the origin of this tree. Henning (P.) Apuntes etnográficos sobre los otomíes del Distrito de Lerma. (An. d. Mus. Nac. de Arq., Hist. y Etnol., México, 1911, III, 5785, 9 pls., 7 fgs.) Gives results of investigation of the Otomi Indians of the district of Lerma, State of Mexico. Situation, name and number (altogether 194,790, of which 55,251 in the State of Mexico), origin and history (Spanish conquest no less cruel than the Mexican), religion (the survival of ancient heathen customs is noted; chapels of San Nicolás Peralta, with veneration of crosses here and at Acazulco; images of the Virgin and Jesus with heathen features, etc.), physical characters, dwellings, food, clothing, education and character, etc. The author is somewhat optimistic as to the possibility of improving these Indians. The great majority still make almost exclusive use of their mother-tongue. Hewett (E. L.) Two seasons' work in Guatemala. (Bull. Amer. Arch. Inst., Norwood, Mass., 1911, II, 117-134, 27 pls.) Gives results of investigations of 1910 and 1911 at ruined city of Quirigua. After briefly describing the clearing away of underbrush, trees, etc., the author gives a few notes on previous investigations, the situation and physical conditions. The architectural remains (the residential part, the houses were probably bamboo huts thatched with palm, -has perished), the sculptures (greater and lesser) are then considered. The greater include the high pedestal group, the low pedestal group, the zoomorphic group, the group without pedestal; the lesser monuments consist of three specimens found near together in the Cere monial Plaza. At Quirigua "the per- Highstone (L. S.) The Indian play of mon up the Columbia; skunk and fisher; Coyote, his four sons and the grizzly bear; Coyote and fox; the lazy boy; the grandchildren of the mountain-sheep; fisher and martin. Hrdlička (A.) Contribution to the anthropology of Central and Smith Sound Eskimo. (Anthrop. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1910, V, 177-180, 20 pls.) Treats, with details of measurements, etc., of seventeen skulls (9 male, 6 female, 2 children) from Southampton Island and adjacent regions, and of four skulls of Smith Sound Eskimo (who died in New York), with observations of other skeletal parts, measurements, etc. On pages 223-230 are given the details of anthropometric measurements of 6 living Eskimo from Smith Sound (3 men, I woman, I boy, I girl), brought to N. Y. by the Peary Expedition in 1896. Dr H. concludes that "the rarity of pronounced dolichocephaly precludes any considerable recent blood relation with the Eskimo from Labrador or lower Greenland," and also "the Southampton Island and all other Eskimo crania present absolutely no racial affinity with either the diluvial or posterior European crania, and their comparison, except for contrasts, should once for all be abandoned; the kinship of the Eskimo is with Asia and America" (p. 214). Between the Southampton Island and Smith Sound crania was found "an unexpectedly close affinity in all the principal features." This indicates that the Hayes collection of Eskimo skulls needs reinvestigation. The measurements of several Eskimo when living and of their skeletons, when dead, enable Dr H. to state that caution is necessary in using, e. g., Manouvrier's tables (based on whites) for calculating the stature from the long bones,-some marked differences are noted. The Southampton Id. Eskimo are now believed to be practically extinct. They were known as Sagdlirmiut, first reported by Capt. Lyon in 1825. Ingegnieros (J.) Sarmiento y Ameghino. (Arch. de Pedag., La Plata, 1911, IX, 203-224.) Comparative study of Sarmiento and Ameghino as men of genius,-men of genius in general, the social function of genius, morals, faith, imagination, social inadaptation, etc. Johnson (F. C.) Reminiscences of Rev. Jacob Johnson, M.A., first pastor Presbyterian Church, WilkesBarré, 1772-1790. (Proc. & Coll. Wyom. Hist. & Geol. Soc., WilkesBarré, Pa., 1910, 11, 103-200, I pl.) Contains many references to the Indians (Six Nations, etc.), mission labors (particularly Wheelock's), etc. Rev. J. J. is on record as advocating the teaching of the Indian language in the Wheelock school, believing it to be more important than Latin for the equipment of a missionary." He was a man of some genius. Jones (W.) Notes on the Fox Indians. (J. Amer. Folk-Lore, N. Y., 1911, XXIV, 209-237.) ten Kate (H.) Sur quelques peintresethnographes dans l'Amérique du Sud. (L'Anthropologie, Paris, 1911, XXII, 13-35, I fg.) Treats of Humboldt; E. F. Poeppig, author of Reise in Chile, Peru und auf dem Amazonenstrome (2 vols., 1835), the 24 plates of which contain some figures of Indians (Pehuenches, Peruvians, etc.); J. B. Debret, author of Voyage pittoresque et historique au Brésil (3 vols., 1834-1839), the illustrations to which contain ethnic types, portraits, figures of ethnographic objects, etc., besides composite pictures and groups, among the Indians represented are Guaycurus, Botocudos, Puris, Patachos, Macharis, Camacan, Charruas, Guaranis, Juris, Maxurunas, Juripassés, Goyanas, etc., and other plates relate to Portuguese, Creoles and Negroes; J. M. Rugendas, part of whose sketches were published in 1836 in Das Merkwürdigste aus der malerischen Reise in Brasilien and later in Mexico und die Mexicaner; Landschaftsbilder und Skizzen aus dem Volksleben (1855), -the South American Indians figured in the former are Botocudos, Camacans, Machacalis, Puris, Coroados, Coropos, Araucanians, Peruvians, Pehuenches, Patagonians, etc., and negroes are also represented; P. J. Benoit, author of a Voyage à Suriname (1839), containing pictures of Caribs and Bush-Negroes in particular; George Catlin, the South American material in whose Life among the Indians (1861) and Last Rambles (1868) hardly entitle him to high rank, and make one question the actuality of his-travels in S. A.; A. F. Biard, author of Deux années au Brésil (Paris, 1862), in whose pictures the comic and the caricature are too prominent, the Indians represented are Mundurucus, Araras, Muras, etc., and some of his types were reproduced by Figuier, in his Les Races humaines, while some of the larger pictures made by him are in the Museums of Europe (three are also in the Museum of La Plata; F. Keller-Leuzinger, author of Vom Amazonas und Madeira (1871; Engl. ed., 1874), the Indian tribes represented are Muras, Araras, Mundurucus, Parentintins, Caripunas, Moxos, etc.; H. Florence, some 20 of whose pictures of Indians (Mundurucus, Apiacas, Bororos, Guanas, Chamacocos, etc.), have been reproduced by K. v. den Steinen in Globus (vol. 75); W. von den Steinen, illustrator (Bakairis, Suyas, etc.), together with J. Gehrts, of the two ethnological works of K. von den Steinen; A. Methfessal, whose albums of sketches, drawings, etc., relating to the Argentine date from 18721892; J. F. Villanueva (painter of Araucanian Indians); G. Boggiani, author of I Ciamacoco and I Caduvei. Observations au sujet des Recherches anthropologiques sur la Basse-Californie par le Dr P. Rivet. (Ibid., 37-40, I fg.) Reiterates belief in Melanesian element in S. Californian Indians, substantiated by researches of Rivet, also their relationship to the race of Lagoa Santa. The presence of certain tall skeletons among the Pericus may be due to an old Yaqui mixture. See also PP. 374-375. Kelsey (F. W.) A persistent forgery. (Amer. Antiq., Benton Harbor, Mich., 1911, XXXIII, 26-31.) Treats of the archeological forgeries in Michigan from 1891 on. See the Amer. Anthrop., for 1908; also Starr (F.). Kennedy (A.) The coming of the new year. (Red Man, Carlisle, Pa., 1911, III, 454.) Notes on observation of New Year by Seneca Indians. The "man who is seen only once during the year," and who questions parents about the behavior of children recalls the Santa Claus of Europe,-perhaps the Indian custom is of foreign origin. Keshena (E.) Legend of the catfish. (Ibid., 256.) Menominee story of mark on head of catfish due to hoof of moose, whom their ancestors tried to kill as he came to drink and feed. How the hunter punished the snow. (Carlisle Arrow, Carlisle, Pa., 1911, VII, No. 37, 4.) How hunter, who had had his feet frozen by the snow, made winter melt away. Brief legend of the Menominee. Also in Red Man, 1911, III, 342-343. Kinnaman (J. O.) Chippewa history as told by themselves and French documents. (Amer. Antiq., Benton Harbor, Mich., 1911, XXXIII, 32-40.) Treats of the prehistoric struggle with the Hurons, Missions and Missionaries (Father René Menard), etc. Kinnaman (M. M.) Is Dr Curry right? (Ibid., 24-29, 4 fgs.) Treats of views expressed by Dr E. S. Curry in his Prehistoric Races of America, etc., that the original home of civilization was Tulan, a continent now sunk beneath the Pacific, whence it first went to Asia and thence to America as the "Mound Builders," a white race conquered by the Indians. The author of this article seems to believe that "the oldest prehistoric race in America was Caucasian, and it came from the west over the sea." See also pp. 71-72. Koch (F. J.) The Riverside Indian School. (So. Wkmn., Hampton, Va., 1911, XL, 219-222, 5 fgs.) Notes success (at present 32 tribes-chiefly Mission Indians-are represented) of Sherman Institute at Riverside, Calif., established in 1901. Koch-Grünberg (T.) Die Uitóto-Indianer. Weitere Beiträge zu ihrer Sprache ... nach einer Wörterliste von Hermann Schmidt, Manáos, Brasilien. (J. Soc. d. Amér. de Paris, 1910 [1911], N. S., VII, 61-83.) Gives classified vocabulary (2 cols. to page) on pages 62-73, and grammatical notes (pp. 73-83) on pronouns, nouns, verbs. This is a welcome addition to the linguistic material of the little-known Uitotan stock of Northwestern Brazil, espe cially as regard morphology and grammar. Aruak-Sprachen Nordwestbrasiliens und der angrenzenden Gebiete. (Mitt. d. Anthr. Ges. in Wien, 1911, XLI, 33-153, 22 fgs., map.) This first section, besides ethnographic notes (pp. 33-52) on the Arawakan tribes of N. W. Brazil (Baré, Baníwa, Uarakéna, Yavitéro, Karútana, Katapolitani, Siusi, Ipéka, Tariána, Kauyari, Yukúna), etc., contains extensive vocabularies in phonetic transcription (pp. 56-153) of all these languages but Kauyari, from Dr K.'s own material, to which is added a brief word-list of the last from Schmidt. For comparison, words in other vocabularies of a number of these languages, from Wallace, Coudreau, Natterer, Schmidt, TaveraAcosta, Montolieu, Crevaux, Spix, Chaffanjon, Melgarejo, are given. According to Dr K., the whole CaiaryUaupés region, now largely peopled by tribes of the Betoyan stock, must, as the river-names suggest, have been once in the possession of Arawakan peoples. Acculturation of the Betoyan tribes from Arawakan sources has also occurred. This monograph adds much to the linguistic data of the region in question. Die Miránya, Rio Yapurá, Amazonas. (Z. f. Ethnol., Berlin, 1910, XLII, 896-914, 10 fgs.) Brief account, with figures of various ethnic types of the Miránha of the Rio Yapurá. On pages 903-912 are given vocabularies of the Imihitä-Miránya, Fă-ai, Miranha and Miranha-OiráAçu-Tapuya; and on pp. 913-914 some examples of the use of possessive and verbal prefixes. Dr K. was among the Miránya in 1905. Kroeber (A. L.) Phonetic elements of the Mohave language. (Univ. Calif. Publ. Amer. Arch. and Ethnol., Berkeley, 1911, X, 45-96, 15 pls.) Gives, with indications of lip-positions and numerous tracings, details of Mohave phonetic system,-vowels, labials, interdentals, dental-alveolars, alveolar-prepalatals, post-palatals and velars, breaths and glottal stops, stress and pitch accent, etc. According to Dr K., "it is probable that every Mohave stem word, and every syntactical word except those closing in a few grammatical terminations like -k, -tc, and -m, ends in a vowel." Mohave vowels are all characterized by slight lip movement. Mohave has no labio-dental sounds (p, v, m, and w are bilabial). The back-consonants are all stops. A short trilled r occurs. There are two h sounds. The normal accent in Mohave is heightened pitch rather than increased stress. The languages of the coast of California north of San Francisco. (Ibid., 1911, IX, 273-435, map.) Treats of Miwok, Pomo, Yuki, Wiyot, Yurok, Karok,-phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc. Numerous examples illustrating morphological and grammatical peculiarities, lists of roots and radicals, vocabularies and texts with interlinear translations are given for each stock. In California, "kindred languages are very similar in structure, however much they differ in a large proportion of their vocabulary." The Costanoan languages are thought to be genetically related to Miwok, the dialects of which are discussed on pages 292319 (these tongues are without prefixes). Pomo is "completely nonpronominal, that is, non-incorporative." The words of Yuki, with few exceptions are either monosyllabic or resolvable into monosyllabic stems and suffixes." Yurok and Wiyot have certain close structural resemblances, but few lexical identities are known so far. As Dr K. remarks: "That two languages belong to the same morphological type, or group, does not prove them genetically related in America. A common origin can be asserted only on the basis of lexical correspondence." 66 Phonetic constituents of the native languages of California. (Ibid., 1911, X, 1-12.) Dr K. notes the predominance of open vowels and "general reluctance toward lip movements"; rarity of nasal vowels (common in Siouan); frequent association of glottal stops with vowels; stop consonants with moderate stress of articulation; lengthened or doubled stop consonants (in northern Paiute, Miwok, etc.); prevalence of the "intermediateness" sound-type; surds and sonants; sparse representation of fricatives except of the s type; occurrence of r in a number of languages. The languages of the American Indians. (Pop. Sci. Mo., Lancaster, Pa., 1911, LXXVIII, 500-513, 2 maps.) Treats of the character, distribution, etc., of Indian languages, the UtoAztecan and Algonkian stocks in particular (with distribution maps of Uto-Aztecan, Eskimoan, Athapaskan, and Algonkian). The conservation of these languages is pointed out and some popular errors noted (e. g. the idea of the "scanty vocabulary" of Indian tongues. Methods of scientific study of phonetics and of grammatical structure are discussed, also the writing of Indian languages. Shellmounds at San Francisco and San Mateo. (Rec. of Past, Wash., 1911, X, 227-228, I fg.) Résumés briefly results of Nelson investigations of 1909-1911. Dr K. considers probable the estimate of Mr Nelson that the beginnings of at least some of these deposits are 3,000 years old or more. Kunike (H.) Beiträge zur Anthropologie der Calchaqui-Täler. (Archiv f. Anthrop., Brnschwg., 1911, N. F. X, 203-225, 3 pls., 14 fgs., map.) Treats with descriptions (pp. 204-217) and details of measurements (pp. 220225) of 240 crania from various parts of the Calchaqui region of Argentina. The great majority of the skulls are deformed, but only 5 have pathological characters. The male skulls run from about 1,400 to 1,500 ccm. in cranial capacity, the female from 1,200 to 1,300 ccm., the total range being from 1,010 to 1,710 ccm. The index-types are 4,-normal brachycephalic, ca. 90, deformed ca. 100; normal dolichocephalic ca. 80, deformed ca. 75. The preponderatingly brachycephalic element may have come from the north, while the less numerous dolichocephalic element may represent the indigenous population. Leden (C.) Musik und Tänze der grönländischen Eskimos und die Verwandtschaft der Musik der Polareskimos mit der der Indianer. (Z. f. Ethnol., Berlin, 1911, XLIII, 261-270, 5 fgs.) Treats of Eskimo music and dances (the author was in Greenland, west and north in 1909, east in 1910). |