Curious custom. Darlington...3 Stanwick....5 Richmond .13 In * CROFT, in the wapentake of Gilling East, the latter of which is situated on the river Tee; half a mile to the west is a sulphureous mineral spring. A certain family held their lands here by presenting at the bridge, on the coming of every new Bishop of Durham, an old sword, with the following senseless address-" My lord, this is the falchion which slew the worm-dragon, which spared neither man, woman, nor child," on which the bishop takes the sword and returns it immediately. This village gave birth to Thomas Burnet, a learned divine and philosopher, born about 1635. He was educated under Dr. Ralph Cudworth, at Cambridge, and became fellow of Christ's college in that university. He afterwards travelled as tutor to the Earl of Wiltshire, and then with the Duke of Bolton, and with the Earl of Ossory, son of the Duke of Ormond. 1681 he made himself known in the literary world by the publication of his "Telluris sacra Theoria," which was subsequently translated by himself into English. Through the interest of the Duke of Ormond he was, in 1685, appointed to the valuable office of master of the Charterhouse; and the same year took the degree of LL.D. Shortly after he distinguished himself by resisting the attempt of James II. to fix Andrew Popham, a Roman Catholic, as a pensioner of the Charter-house. After Rev. Thos. the revolution of 1688, Dr. Burnet was appointed chaplain in ordinary, Burnet, a and clerk of the closet to King William. In 1692 he published his learned divine and Archæologia Philosophica, sive Doctrina antiqua de Rerum Originibus.” philosopher. The freedom of opinion displayed in this work gave offence to some persons of influence in the church, and led to the removal of the author from the clerkship of the royal closet; and it is said that the same cause also prevented his elevation to the episcopal bench. He died in September 1715, and was interred in the Charter-house chapel. Two posthumous publications of this author appeared in 1727; a treatise "De Fide et Officiis Christianorum ;" and another " De Statu Mortuorum et Resurgentium." All the works of Dr. Burnet exhibit him as an ingenious speculator, rather than as a patient and sober inquirer concerning the moral and natural phenomena of which he treats. His great work, the "Theory of the Earth," is one of the many systems of cosmogony, in which Christian philosophers have attempted to reconcile the Mosaic account of the creation, paradise, and the deluge, with the traditions of the ancients, and the principles of modern science. His speculations are recommended by sublimity of description and eloquence of style, which have attracted many admirers, who have overlooked the defects and absurdities which have been detected by persons of cooler judgment. Addison, in one of his finest Latin poems, and in a paper in the Spectator, panegyrised the theory of Burnet, and Charles II. (certainly no great authority in such matters) is said to have been much pleased with it. Among the philosophical opponents of the author were Dr. John Keill, and Flamstead, the astronomer royal; the former of whom wrote against him with great ability and some severity, and the latter declared that he was able to overturn Burnet's theory in one sheet of paper. In his "Archæologia Philosophica," the doctor has combated the literal interpretation of the history of the fall of man, and to expose its improbability, he has introduced an imaginary dialogue between Eve and the serpent, which, as coming from the pen of a divine, is singular enough. It is only to be found in the first edition of the work. The latitude of sentiment displayed by the master of the Charter-house not His writ ings. Dist. Popu 10 Cromford t..to & chap Derby 15 Cromhall Abbotts.. Gloucester. pa & ti 15 Cromhall Lygon 22 Crompton 30 Cromwell 16 Crondall ..ti Gloucester Names of Places. County. Number of Miles from 11 27 Crokern Well.....ham | Devon.. Crediton....7 Bow Norwich...20 Holt .4 Oakhampton 9 186 .10 ...5 Alfreton ..9 40 Crooklands 22 Cronton to Lancaster ..to Durham.. Wirksworth 2 Winster Wickwar....2 Thornbury...4 Sodbury .....7 .3 Berkeley .5 Wotton ...4 Rochdale....4 Middleton. ...7 Bury ..10 Newark. .5 Tuxford.....7 Southwell ...6 Farnham....3 Basingstoke 11 Alton Prescott....2 Liverpool....9 Warrington..9 B. Auckland 5 Durham.....4 Sedgefield..10 40 Crook.......to & chap Westmorlnd Kendal. ..5 Crosswaite.. 3 Ambleside ...8 29 Crookhouse ..to Northumb Wooler. ..5 Coldstream..6 Belford .. ..11 .ham Cumberland Wigton ...6 Mary Port 9 Ireby. ...6 .ham Westmorlnd Millthorpe.. 3 Kendal......4 Sedberg. ..9 42 Croome D'Abitot ..pa Worcester.. Pershore ..5 Upton ..5 Worcester.. 7 42 Croome Earls. pa Worcester.. Upton on Sev 2 Tewkesbury .6 pa Worcester.. 13 Crook. 40 Crookdake. 42 Croome Hill only subjected him to serious criticism, but also occasioned a satirical song-writer to treat him as an absolute infidel, in a well-known ballad on the controversy between South and Sherlock, relative to the doctrine of the Trinity.-Biog. Brit. Brucker's Hist. of Philos. but considerable trade. * CROMER. The little market and bathing town of Cromer is situated upon a cliff of considerable height, and is inhabited chiefly by fishermen. It has no harbour, yet at times, considerable trade is carried on, and much No harbour, coal is imported in vessels, carrying from sixty to one hundred tons burthen. The barges lie upon the beach, and at ebb-tide carts are drawn alongside to unship their cargoes: when empty, the vessels anchor a little distance from the shore, and re-load by means of boats. Cromer Bay has the appellation of the Devil's Throat. This place is famous for the number of excellent crabs and lobsters caught upon the coast. As a watering-place, it has attained some celebrity. The adjacent country is picturesque. The tower of Cromer church, 159 feet high, is richly ornamented with sculpture, and the nave and aisles are handsome. A grammar-school was founded here in the reign of Henry VII. by Sir Bartholomew Reed, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1502. About a mile east of the town, on a part of the cliff, stands a light-house. The sea, from its perpetual motion, presents a scene that never tires, and here it is generally enlivened by shipping; the passing trade from Newcastle, Sunderland, and the Baltic, keeping up a constant change of moving objects. "The different parties of pleasure," observes the local historian of Cromer, "that assemble on the beach in an evening, for walking, riding, or reading, constitute variety, and make it a very pleasant resort. But towards the close of a fine summer's evening, when the sun, declining in full splendour, tints the whole scene with a golden glow, the sea-shore becomes an object truly sublime. The noble expanse of blue water on the one hand; the distant sail catching the rays of the setting sun, contrasted on the other by the rugged surfaces of the impending cliffs, the stillness of the scene, interrupted only by the gentle murmurs of the waves falling at your feet; or perhaps by the solemn dashing of the oars; or, at intervals, by the hoarse bawling of seamen ;— Music in such full unison' with surrounding objects, and altogether calculated to inspire so pleasing a train of thoughts to the contemplative solitary stroller, that he does not awake from his reverie, till "Black and deep the night begins to fall." Cromer-hall, the residence of George Wyndham, Esq., is a respectable old house, placed in an amphitheatre of woods, which are the principal ornament of the town. The house itself is so sequestered and embosomed in trees, that a stranger would scarcely believe it to be in the vicinity of the ocean. *Market, Saturday.-Fair, Whit-Monday, for pedlery.-Inn, the New Inn. + CROMFORD. The village of Cromford, situated on the banks of the and poetical Splendid description of diversified prospects. Cromerhall. Oxford ham Leicester. 31 Cropredy*, .pa & to 23 Cropston Moral re manufac ture. Arkwright. Number of Miles from Banbury. Dist. Pop 75 2601 115 .4 Deddington..9 Mollington ..2 CROMFORD. Derwent, is in the wapentake of Wirksworth. It was here that Sir Richard Excellent institution farming pro perty. Battle of * CROPREDY. The church contains monuments of the families of Danvers, Loveday, Gostelow, and Taylor. At Cropredy bridge, over the Cropredy Cherwell, an indecisive action took place between the king and Sir bridge. William Waller, on 30th June, 1644, in which Sir William Boteler, and Sir William Clarke, two loyal Kentish knights, were slain. The hamlets of Great and Little Bourton, Prescott, and the chapelries of Mollington, Claydon, and Wardington, are all in this parish, which is partly in Bloxham hundred, and extends into Warwickshire. Wardington chapelry includes the hamlets of Williamscott, or Willscot, and Coton Names of Places. County. ¡ Dist. | PopLoud. lution. 42 Cropthorn * .pa & to Worcester.. 44 Crosby 9 Crosby on Eden, pa & to 40 Crosby Garrat, pa & to Westmorlnd 22 Crosby, Great, to & ch Lancaster 9 Crosby, High ......to Cumberland 22 Crosby, Little to Lancaster .. 40 Crosby Ravensworth Westmorlnd pa & to 34 Croscombe ..pa Somerset 45 Crosland, North....to W. R. York 45 Crosland, South....to | W. R. York 29 Cross Canonby, pa & to Northumb.. 15 Cross Hands .. to Gloucester 36 Cross, St. George's..pa Suffolk.. 40 Crossthwaite, to & chap Westmorlnd 9 Crossthwaite, Great. Cumberland pa & ham 8 Number of Miles from Pershore....4 Evesham .3 Alcester....10 ..5 .3 ..5 Orton.... ...7 Prescot....10 4 ..10 Prescot....10 .5 .12 .6 * CROPTHORN, or Cropthorne. Like many other places in this delightful vicinage, the little village of Cropthorn presents a scene of picturesque beauty, modelled by the hand of nature, and not defaced by the appearance of artificial objects, enlivened by the windings of the Avon. picturesque A vault of the Dinely family, exactly under the altar of the church, has the peculiar quality of preserving the bodies from decomposition; and the sacred edifice is otherwise remarkable for some curious monuments and inscriptions. cal inemoir of the Rev. William Freind. ↑ CROUGHTON. In the church of Croughton is a handsome monument to the memory of the Rev. William Freind, M.A., formerly rector of this parish, and his three sons, Robert, William, and John; the first of whom was head master of Westminster-school, and the last attained great eminence as a learned and ingenious physician and writer on medical history and science in the last century; he was born in 1675. After having been under the tuition of Dr. Busby, at Westminster-school, he was elected in 1690, a scholar of Christ's college, Oxford. Here he soon Biographidistinguished himself for his classical knowledge by publishing, in conjunction with Mr. Foulkes, the Greek oration of Eschines against Ctesiphon, and that of Demosthenes in reply to it: and he also revised, for a new publication, the Delphin edition of Ovid's Metamorphoses. In the meantime he did not neglect such studies as were appropriate to the medical profession; and in 1699, he addressed to Sir Hans Sloane a letter concerning Hydrocephalus, or Dropsy of the Brain, which, as well as another written soon after, appeared in the Philosophical Transactions. In 1701, he took the degree of M.A.; and in 1703, he published a treatise on disorders peculiar to females, which raised him to eminence as a physician and physiologist, and was a very ingenious performance, though the principles on which the reasonings it developes are founded, have been since exploded. In 1704, he was chosen professor of chemistry at Oxford; and the following year he went to Spain as physician to the army under the Earl of Peterborough. After having visited Italy he returned to England in 1707; and published that year a defence of the conduct of Lord Peterborough, which had been the subject of much animadversion. About this Eminent as and physio a physician logist. CROUGH. Account of his writings. picion of | County. | .pa Cornwall .pa Somerset. .pa Oxford pa Suffolk pa Surrey pa Sussex pa & to Lincoln time he was created M.D. by diploma. In 1709, he published his Lectures on Chemistry, which having been criticised by some German philosophers in the Acta Lipsiensia, he wrote a reply to their observations. He was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society in 1712; and after having attended the, Duke of Ormond to Flanders, as his physician, he returned to London in 1714, and engaged in medical practice. In 1716, he became a fellow of the College of Physicians, and he read the Gulstonian lecture before that learned body in 1717; and in 1720, delivered the Harveian oration. In the mean time he published a treatise of Hippocrates, to which was appended "A Commentary on Fevers," which involved him in a controversy with Dr. John Woodward, relative to the treatment of small-pox. In 1722, he was chosen member of parliament for the borough of Launceston, in Cornwall, and he ranged himself among the opponents of Sir Robert Walpole, then prime-minister. On the impeachment of Bishop Atterbury, he gave so much offence by the warmth with which he advocated his cause, that during a suspension of the Habeas Corpus act he was Committed arrested on suspicion of treasonable designs, and committed to the Tower, to the Tower March 15th, 1722-3. He remained a prisoner, however, only till the under susmonth of June, when he was bailed by Dr. Mead, and three other friends; treasonable and in November following he was discharged from his recognizance. It designs. has been reported that the prisoner owed his liberation to Dr. Mead's ¦ influence, rather oddly exerted, over the premier, who being ill, sent for the physician, when he was told that the release of Dr. Freind from his captivity was the sole condition on which Dr. Mead would prescribe for | Sir Robert's complaint. Whether through fear or favour, the patient complied with the demand of his physician, and Dr. Freind was admitted to bail. While in the Tower he wrote an epistle to Dr. Mead, “De quibusdam Variolarum generibus," 1723. He also formed the plan of his greatest literary undertaking, the history of medical science. In 1725, he published the first part of it under the title of "The History of Physic, from the time of Galen to the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, chiefly with regard to Practice, in a Discourse written to Dr. Mead, by J. Freind.” The second and last part appeared in 1726. This learned work was designed as a continuation of the History of Physic, by Daniel le Clerc; and it is still held in high estimation by the faculty. Soon after his liberation from the Tower, Dr. Freind was appointed physician to the Prince of Wales, on whose accession to the crown in 1727, he was made physician to the queen. But he did not long enjoy this honourable post, dying of a fever, July 26th, 1728. He was interred at Hitcham, in Buckinghamshire, near which he had a seat; and a cenotaph was erected for him, with an elegant Latin inscription, in Westminster abbey. A collection of the works of Dr. Freind, in Latin, was published, with an account of his life prefixed, by Dr. J. Wigan, London, 1733, folio; reprinted at Paris, in 1735, 4to.-Biog. Brit. Martin's Biog. Philos. Hutchinson's Biog. Med. His history of physic, a learned work. His promotion as physician to the queen, and ha death. * CROW COMBE.-Fairs, first Friday in May, Monday after August 1st, and October 31st, for cattle and drapery. ↑ CROWLAND, or Croyland, is very ancient, and peculiarly interesting to the antiquary, from the ruins of its splendid and extensive abbey, and its |