State agencies administering public assistance, unemployment compensation, and employment service legislation in the planning and execution of their informational programs.

OFFICE OF THE ACTUARY

The actuary of the Board is consultant and adviser to the Board with respect to technical actuarial analysis on a long-range basis of all data pertaining to population, employment, wages, and other subjects which are necessary for the Board in planning its operations under the Social Security Act and in considering proposals concerning the social-security program.

OFFICE OF APPEALS COUNCIL

The Office of Appeals Council provides a means for hearing and review with respect to claims for old-age and survivors' insurance under title II of the Social Security Act, as amended. This Office consists of the 3 members of the Council, 12 regional referees, and 1 consulting referee. The Office is independent of the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, which makes the original determinations with respect to claims.

OTHER SERVICES

Legal services are provided to the Board by the Office of the General Counsel of the Federal Security Agency. These services include legal advice to the Board, the Executive Director, the directors of the operating bureaus, and the regional directors concerning proposed and enacted unemployment-compensation laws, public-assistance laws and plans, and all legal aspects of the old-age and survivors' insurance program. The Office of the General Counsel cooperates with the Department of Justice in litigation involving the Social Security Act and with States in litigation involving State laws enacted to carry out the terms of the act. It also renders legal advice to the Board and to its bureaus and offices with respect to the legal aspects of methods proposed for providing social security.

Personnel services for the Board are provided by the Division of Personnel Supervision and Management of the Federal Security Agency.

REGIONAL OFFICES

The Social Security Board has established 12 regional offices for the purpose of maintaining close relationships with the cooperating States and of supervising the work of the representatives of the various bureaus and offices of the Board located within each regional area. Each regional director is a representative of the Board in his region and is responsible to the Executive Director for relations between the Board and the States within his region.

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

The headquarters of the Public Health Service at Washington comprises eight divisions and the Chief Clerk's Office, the operations of which are coordinated and are under the immediate supervision of the Surgeon General, who makes an annual report to the Administrator, Federal Security Agency, on the activities of the Service.

The National Institute of Health is the research division of the Public Health Service, and conducts the scientific investigations of the Service. Through the Institute, the Department enforces the act of July 1, 1902, to regulate the sale of viruses, serums, toxins, and analogous products, including arsphenamine. The National Cancer Institute, created by act of August 5, 1937, functions as one of the divisions of the National Institute of Health.

The Division of Foreign and Insular Quarantine and Immigration administers the quarantine laws of the United States concerned with the prevention of the introduction of human contagious or infectious diseases from foreign ports into the United States, together with the observation of the provisions of the PanAmerican Sanitary Code and the International Sanitary Convention of Paris, 1926, International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, and supervises the medical examination of intending immigrants conducted at certain American consulates abroad and at ports of entry in the United States and its insular possessions.

The activities of the Division of Domestic Quarantine include the following: (1) Enforcement of the Interstate Quarantine Regulations, with special reference to the control of water supplies used on interstate carriers and the sanitation of shellfish shipped in interstate commerce; (2) assistance to State and local

health authorities in the enforcement of State and local laws and regulations; (3) cooperation with the State health authorities in preventing the spread of epidemic diseases; (4) assistance to State health departments in the development and maintenance of adequate public-health services, including training of personnel as authorized under title VI of the Social Security Act; (5) cooperation with other establishments of the Federal Government in matters pertaining to publichealth engineering and sanitation; (6) annual conference of State and Territorial health officers with the Surgeon General.

The Division of Sanitary Reports and Statistics collects and publishes information regarding the prevalence and geographic distribution of diseases dangerous to the public health in the United States and foreign countries. The section on public-health education cooperates with the State, local, and volunteer health agencies to extend health informational services throughout the United States. Through the Division of Marine Hospitals and Relief, hospital and out-patient treatment is given at 26 marine hospitals and 124 other relief stations to legal beneficiaries who are chiefly seamen from American merchant vessels, Coast Guard personnel, patients of the Veterans' Administration, of the Employees' Compensation Commission, immigrants, and persons afflicted with leprosy. Physical examinations are made for the Civil Service Commission, Employees' Compensation Commission, shipping commissioners, and other Government agencies.

The Division of Personnel and Accounts attends to matters relating to personnel and the maintenance of personnel records; convenes boards for the examination or discipline of medical officers and other personnel; is responsible for all bookkeeping and accounting in connection with appropriations; and maintains and supervises property records.

The Division of Venereal Diseases was created by act of Congress in July 1918 (1) to study and investigate the cause, treatment, and prevention of venereal diseases; (2) to cooperate with State boards or departments of health for the prevention and control of such diseases within the States; and (3) to control and prevent the spread of these diseases in interstate traffic. The amendment of May 24, 1938, to this act authorizes the Public Health Service to make grants-inaid to the States for the purpose of developing venereal-disease-control programs in health departments throughout the country. Clinical and laboratory investigations and field studies pertaining to the control of syphilis, gonorrhea, and other venereal diseases are conducted both independently and in cooperation with other agencies.

The Division of Mental Hygiene (formerly the Narcotics Division—name changed by act of June 14, 1930) is charged with the responsibility of administering the two hospitals for the treatment of drug addicts; conducting studies of the nature of drug addiction and the best methods of treatment and rehabilitation of addicts; making studies of the quantities of narcotic drugs necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States; conducting studies of the causes, prevalence, and means for the prevention and treatment of mental and nervous diseases; and supervising and furnishing medical and psychiatric service in the Federal penal and correctional institutions under the control of the Department of Justice (act of May 13, 1930).

The Chief Clerk and Administrative Officer has supervision of clerical personnel, office quarters and space assignments, the Public Health Service library, official files and records, mail, supplies of stationery to headquarters and field service, printing and binding for entire service, and procurement of office equipment for headquarters.

UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION

The Commissioner of Education has charge of the Office of Education, which was established by an act of Congress in 1867 "for the purpose of collecting such statistics and facts as shall show the condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories, and of diffusing such information respecting the organization and management of schools and schools systems, and methods of teaching, as shall aid the people of the United States in the establishment and maintenance of efficient school systems, and otherwise promote the cause of education throughout the country." Additional duties have been placed upon the Office of Education in accordance with provisions in later acts of Congress and with executive regulations made under the same. Responsibilities are undertaken for all phases and all levels of education, from the beginning grades through the university, and relate to such major functions as are described below:

1. Administration, under the direction of the Federal Security Administrator, of laws of Congress. This responsibility includes: (a) The supervision of expend

itures of funds appropriated by Congress for land-grant colleges by the act of 1862 (first Morrill Act) donating lands for colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts, the act of 1890 (second Morrill Act) for the further endowment of land-grant colleges, the Nelson amendment of 1907, still further endowing the land-grant colleges and the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935 (sec. 22) providing for the more complete endowment and support of land-grant colleges. The Federal Security Administrator is required annually to ascertain and to certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State and Territory whether it is entitled to receive its share of the annual appropriations. To do this it is necessary to collect and compile for each institution information on expenditures and the purposes for which they were made. (b) The inspection of Howard University and the issuance of a report on the same. Acts of Congress require that the University be inspected by the Office of Education at least once each year and that an annual report making a full exhibit of the affairs of the University shall be presented to Congress each year in the report of the Office of Education. (c) The planning and supervision of educational programs in all Civilian Conservation Corps camps and the appointment of all educational directors for the camps. (d) The administration of Federal vocational education laws.

2. Educational research and investigation.-(a) Studies of current problems in all phases and at all levels of education regularly carried on by specialists in various fields of education. (b) Biennial surveys of education including both statistical and descriptive forms of information on the status of education in all fields. (c) Surveys in definite phases of education authorized by special appropriations of Congress. (d) Library research work as a regular function of the Office, by special authorization of Congress. (e) Projects and demonstrations carried on by allotments made to the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, from special funds appropriated by Congress.

3. Field services.-(a) Surveys of State and local school systems and of educational institutions. (b) Cooperative studies with representatives of educational systems and organizations. (c) Services on educational committees and through conference groups. (d) Participation in programs of educational organizations. (e) Advisory services to school officials. (f) Advisory and informational services to other Government agencies.

4. Library service.-The library of more than a quarter million volumes, together with charts, maps, and other forms of materials on educational data, provides facilities for study to a large number who come to its reference rooms and to larger numbers who have books made available to them through a system of interlibrary loans.

5. Publications and their distribution.-The Office by means of its appropriation for printing publishes bulletins, pamphlets, and other forms of materials for distribution through a limited free stock and a sales stock. Carefully selected mailing lists are prepared for the free copies. The Office also publishes a monthly journal, School Life, covering educational practices and current problems.

The Federal Board for Vocational Education was created by act of Congress approved February 23, 1917 (Smith-Hughes Act). This act makes continuing appropriations to be expended in the States under State plans for the promotion of vocational education. For the fiscal year 1917-18 the amount appropriated was $1,660,000, and the appropriation increased each year until in 1925-26 it reached $7.167,000, which sum was provided annually thereafter. An act approved February 5, 1929 (George-Reed Act), authorized an additional appropriation of $250,000 for agriculture and $250,000 for home economics for the fiscal year 1930, and for each year thereafter, for 4 years, a sum exceeding by $250,000 the appropriation of the preceding year for the promotion of vocational education in each of these two fields. This act expired on June 30, 1934, but an act approved May 21, 1934 (George-Ellzey Act), authorized an appropriation of $3,084,603 for each of the fiscal years 1935, 1936, and 1937 for the further development of vocational education to be used in equal amounts for instruction in agricultural subjects, home economics subjects, and trade and industrial education subjects. The George-Ellzey Act expired June 30, 1937, but an act approved June 8, 1936 (George-Deen Act), authorized an appropriation of $14,483,000 for the further development of vocational education in the States and Territories; $12,175,000 of which is to be used in equal amounts for vocational education in agriculture, trade, and industry, and home economics; $1,254,000 for vocational education in the distributive occupations; and $1,054,000 for the training of teachers of distributive occupational subjects. The money appropriated under these acts is to be allotted to the States on the basis of rural, farm, nonfarm, urban, or total population as designated in the acts, for the

promotion of vocational education in agriculture, trades and industries, home economics, and the distributive occupations, and for the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects. Utilization of allotments under the first three acts is authorized upon condition that for each dollar of Federal money expended the State or local community, or both, shall expend at least an equal amount for the same purpose. Under the George-Deen Act, States and Territories participating in the grants are required to match only 50 percent of these grants for the first 5 years in which the act is operative or until June 30, 1942, this matching percentage being increased by 10 percent annually thereafter until it reaches 100 percent beginning July 1, 1946.

The duties imposed upon the Board by the National Vocational Education Act were of a twofold character: On the one hand, as representative of the Government the Federal Board cooperated with State boards for vocational education in promoting vocational education; and, on the other, as a research agency it was required to make, or cause to have made, studies, investigations, and reports to aid the States in developing their programs. As representative of the Government, it examined the plans submitted by the State boards, presenting in the case of each State the scheme of vocational education to be conducted by the State, and approved plans found to be in conformity with the provisions and purposes of the act. It ascertained annually whether the several States were using or were prepared to use the money received by them in accordance with the provisions of the statute and each year it certified to the Secretary of the Treasury the States which complied with the provisions of the act, together with the amount which each State was entitled to receive. It was expressly required to make studies, investigations, and reports dealing with occupational processes and educational requirements for workers and apprentices, and with problems of administration of vocational schools and of courses of instruction in vocational subjects, in the several fields of agricultural, trade and industrial, home economics, and commercial employment.

The Federal Board for Vocational Education was designated as the administrative agency, also, of the Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act, approved June 2, 1920. By this act the Federal Government agrees to cooperate with the States in rehabilitating and restoring to remunerative employment any persons disabled in industry or otherwise. Under this act the duties imposed upon the Federal Board include the making of rules and regulations appropriate for carrying out the purposes of the act; cooperation with the States in the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons; examination of State plans and their approval, if in conformity with the provisions of the act; and cooperation in this work with public and private agencies. The Federal Board was required to ascertain annually whether the States are properly using Federal funds and to certify, on or before the 1st day of January of each year, to the Secretary of the Treasury those States which have accepted and complied with the provisions of the law, designating the amount of money which each State was entitled to receive. To aid the States, the Federal Board was authorized to make studies and investigations of the vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons and their placement in suitable or gainful occupations. Acts authorizing continuation of appropriations for this purpose were approved June 5, 1924, June 9, 1930, June 30, 1932, June 6, 1936 (effective July 1, 1937), and August 14, 1935. The Social Security Act Amendments of 1939, approved August 10, 1939, authorizes increased appropriations to be paid to the States for vocational rehabilitation.

An act approved March 10, 1924, extended the benefits of the Vocational Education and Rehabilitation Acts to the Territory of Hawaii and authorized annual appropriations for this purpose. An amendment of August 14, 1939, through a provision of the Social Security Act, authorizes an additional allotment to Hawaii. An act approved February 23, 1929, extended to the District of Columbia the program for rehabilitating disabled persons. This act provided that the Board should be the active operating agency in the District. An amending act approved April 17, 1937, authorized an increased appropriation for this work.

An act of March 3, 1931, extended the Vocational Education and Rehabilitation Acts to the island of Puerto Rico, and authorized annual appropriations for this purpose. An amendment of August 14, 1939, through a provision of the Social Security Act, provides that effective July 1, 1940, Puerto Rico shall share in the allotments of funds on the same basis as the States.

An act of June 20, 1936, authorized the operation of stands in Federal buildings by blind persons, to enlarge the economic opportunities of the blind, and for

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other purposes.

Under Executive order of June 10, 1933, the functions of the Federal Board for Vocational Education were transferred to the Department of the Interior. These functions were assigned to the Commissioner of Education on October 10, 1933, and established as the vocational division of the Office of Education. The Board now acts in an advisory capacity without compensation. Civilian Conservation Corps camp education.-On December 7, 1933, the President approved a plan for an educational program in the Civilian Conservation Corps camps. Under this plan, the Office of Education, acting in an advisory capacity to the War Department, is responsible for the selection and appointment of corps area, district, and camp educational advisers, and recommends to the Secretary of War the outlines of instruction, teaching procedures, and types of teaching material for use in the camps.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR DEFENSE WORKERS

Under authority of Public, No. 668, Seventy-sixth Congress, third session, and Public, No. 812, Seventy-sixth Congress, third session, the Office of Education cooperates with the Advisory Commission to the Council on National Defense. It cooperates with the several State boards for vocational education in the furtherance of the education and training of defense workers as follows:

1. It assists the States to organize and conduct vocational courses of less than college grade through (a) courses supplementary to employment in occupations essential to national defense, and (b) preemployment refresher courses for workers with some previous occupational experience who are preparing for such occupations selected from the public employment office registers.

2. It assists the States in the selection of new or used equipment for purchase, rental, or other acquisition when needed in providing vocational courses described in paragraph 1 above.

3. It assists the States in the organization and conduct of vocational courses and related or other necessary instruction for out-of-school rural and nonrural youth.

4. It assists the States in the organization and the conduct of vocational courses and related or other necessary instruction for young persons employed on work projects of the National Youth Administration.

It cooperates with engineering schools and universities in organizing and conducting short engineering courses of college grade, designed to meet the shortage of engineers with specialized training in fields essential to national defense.

NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION

The National Youth Administration was established on June 26, 1935, within the Works Progress Administration, through Executive Order No. 7086. Continued by subsequent Relief Appropriations Acts, it was separated from the Works Progress Administration on July 1, 1939, through Reorganization Plan No. I, and placed in the Federal Security Agency. The National Youth Administration is currently operating under the provisions of the Labor-Federal Security Appropriation Act, 1941, and the First Supplemental Civil Functions Appropriation Act, 1941. Its major activities fall in three categories—a work program for needy unemployed young people between the ages of 18 and 24, inclusive, who are no longer in regular attendance at school; a student aid program to enable needy young people between the ages of 16 and 24, inclusive, to continue their education in schools, colleges, and graduate schools; and a program of guidance and placement to assist young people in finding regular employment.

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

This

The Civilian Conservation Corps, a unit of the Federal Security Agency, is an organization for the employment and training of youth and the advancement of work programs for the conservation and development of natural resources such as timber and topsoil. It was authorized by Public, No. 5, Seventy-third Congress, and launched by Executive Order No. 6101, dated April 5, 1933. Executive order named Robert Fechner Director of the Civilian Conservation Corps and directed the Secretaries of War, Interior, Agriculture, and Labor to cooperate in launching and operating the new youth-conservation program. The act of June 28, 1937 (Public, No. 163, 75th Cong.), extended the life of the Corps until midnight, June 30, 1940. This act, in turn, was amended August 7, 1939, to continue the authorized life of the Corps through June 30, 1943.

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