Florio translates as under :To lie is a horrible filthy vice; and which an ancient writer setteth forth very shamefully, when he saith that whosoever lieth witnesseth that he contemneth God and therewithall men. It is impossible more richly to represent the horrour,

the vilenesse and the disorder of it: for what can be imagined so vile and base as to be a coward towards men and a boaster towards God?Book ii. c. xviii. p. 341, col. 2.

Thus in Marston :

Gonzago. Yet to forswear and vow against one's Latin extracts from pagan and Christian heart,

Is full of base, ignoble cowardice,

Since 'tis most plain, such speeches do contemn
Heaven and fear men (that's sententious now).
'The Fawn,' III. i. 420-3.

See also Ben Jonson :

Macilente. I like such tempers well, as stand before their mistresses with fear and trembling; and before their Maker, like impudent mountains -'Every Man out of his Humour,' III. iii. CHARLES CRAWFORD. (To be continued.)

A NAMELESS BOOK.

subjects he has handled in his 'Religio Medici❜ and other works. But the manner is altogether different. Sir Thomas, though he knew six languages, does not stud his writings with quotations from other tongues, but, so to speak, fuses them into his own. The author of this book would seem to have followed the method of Robert Burton, to whose Melancholy' he refers four or five times. There are few of his pages without Greek or writers. He was no mean linguist, for he shows that he was also acquainted with Hebrew, Spanish, and French. His reading was of a wide range, if we may judge by the number and variety of his marginal references. Among English writers he quotes Chaucer twice (in black letter), Father Parsons ("notwithstanding he wanted nothing but a glasse at any Time to view the Effigies of a Railer "), Speed, Camden, Joseph Hall, George Herbert, and, to mention one more name, Brown in Epist. Ded. ante Hydriot." (p. 18 in margin), which means “Dr. Browne in his Epistle Dedicatory, prefixed to his 'Hydriotaphia, or Urn-Burial,' published in 1658. His second chapter is entitled 'A Censure of the generall Scandall of some Professions, especially that of Physick,' in the seventh section of which (p. 28) the author says:—

"D:

"This Profession is so farre from prompting Atheism, that it is signally advantagious to an holy life. The study of Physitians is Life and Death: they of all men least need artificiall memento's, or

Coffins by their Bed-sides, to mind them of their

Graves."

SOME months ago I bought a small volume, which is exactly six inches in length by four in breadth. It is bound in brown leather, and contains three distinct works. The first is "The Gentile Sinner; or, England's Brave Gentleman: Characterized In a Letter to a Friend, Both As he is, and as he should be. By Clem. Ellis, M.A. Fellow of Qu. Coll. Oxon." It is the second edition, and was printed at Oxford in the year 1661. The next is entitled "A Discourse of Artificial Beauty, in point of Conscience, Between Two Ladies. With some Satyrical Censures on the Vulgar Errors of these Times. London, Beside, to preserve the living, and make the Printed for R. Royston at the Angel in Ivy- dead to live, to keep men out of their urns, and Lane. MDCLXII." This volume, first pub-discourse of human fragments in them, is not imlished in 1656 under a slightly different title, pertinent to our profession, whose study is life and is ascribed by Anthony Wood to Dr. John and of all men least need artificial mementoes, or death, who daily behold examples of mortality, Gauden. but Lowndes thinks it was written coffins by our bedside, to mind us of our graves.' by Obadiah Walker, in which opinion I cannot Dent's ed., p. 125.

concur.

I now come to the third and by far the most interesting of the booklets, which is divided into seven chapters and covers 112 pages; but as it has unfortunately been bound up with the others without the titlepage, I can give neither author nor place of publication. But as the type is exactly the same as that used in the second volume, and quite different in size from what is used in the first, I infer that the last was probably "printed for R. Royston" in London about the year 1660.

On a first perusal I was reminded of the style of Sir Thomas Browne, and of certain

Sir Thomas Browne's words are these in his address to his friend Thomas Le Gros :

Again, on p. 25 I find what follows :—

"Religio Medici' is not the product of the Penne alone, but also of the practice of Physitians." It will be observed that the pronoun has been changed from the first person to the third in the extract from Urn - Burial.' From this I conclude that the author did not belong to the medical profession, though he more than once discourses very learnedly on matters that are within its province.

Though I am convinced that Sir Thomas Browne had nothing to do with the composition of these essays, it is evident that his works were well known to the writer, who

employs certain illustrations and turns of -expression peculiar to the learned doctor.

As a help to identify the title of the book and the name of its author, besides the second chapter already given. I will mention two or three of the others. The first is 'A Censure of the Epidemicall practice of reproaching Red-hair'd Men'; the third, 'A Censure of that common evill practice of Reproaching the Feminine Sex,' wherein no reference is made to Browne's queer language in his 'Religio Medici' about the propagation of the human race, which was regarded by Sir Kenelm Digby and James Howell as an

attack on marriage,

"the prime Link of human Society, the chiefest
Happiness of Mortals, and wherein Heaven hath a
special Hand,"

as the latter holds it to be ('Familiar Letters,'
bk. i. sec. 6, lx.; eleventh edition. 1754,
p. 300). But as by this time, say 1660, Sir
Thomas was the father of a dozen children
("olive branches "), which came to him in the
usual way, the author of this little book preter-
notice of what the young physician
mitted any
had published in 1643, and written some
years before.

that is, the officer of his college who was to present him for his degree-was allowed to come to his assistance.

66

'Originally the ceremony was a serious one, and had a certain religious character. It took place in Great St. Mary's Church, and marked the admission of the student to a position with new responsibilities, while the season of Lent was chosen with a view to bring this into prominence. The Puritan party objected to the observance of such ecclesiastical ceremonies, and in the course of the sixteenth century they introduced much licence and buffoonery into the proceedings. The part played by the questionist became purely formal. A serious the debate still sometimes took place between father of the senior questionist and a regent master who represented the University; but the discussion was prefaced by a speech by the bachelor, who came to be called the Tripos, just as we speak of a judge as the bench, or of a rower as an oar. mately public opinion permitted the Tripos to say pretty much what he pleased, so long as it was not dull and was scandalous. The speeches he delivered or the verses he recited were generally preserved by the Registrary, and were known as the tripos verses: originally they referred to the subjects of the disputations then propounded. The earliest copies now extant are those for 1575."

Ulti

linger, the historian of Cambridge:-
Mr. Ball goes on to quote from Mr. Mul-

"About the year 1747-8, the moderators initiated the practice of printing the honour lists on the The seventh and last chapter is 'A Censure back of the sheets containing the tripos verses, and of the common evill practice of Railing after the year 1755 this became the invariable against an Adversary in Opinion,' which is practice. By virtue of this purely arbitrary conan admirable plea for toleration, and tem-nexion these lists themselves became known as the perate language in religious controversy. I shall be thankful for any information as to the authorship of this most interesting little volume, which I shall henceforth keep beside my Burton,

Si parva licet componere magnis.
JOHN T. CURRY.

TRIPOS: TRIPOS VERSES. THESE Cambridge terms are no doubt obscure to many, and I think it worth while to give an excellent passage concerning them in Mathematical Recreations and Essays,' a learned and amusing book by Mr. W. W. Rouse Ball, now in its fourth edition. Allowing myself long quotations from it, I hope I shall induce some new readers to it. There three were formerly occasions on which the degree of Bachelor was conferred. "In the fifteenth century," says Mr. Ball (p. 235),

secure

an important part in the ceremony on each of these occasions was taken by a certain ould bachilour, who sat upon a three-legged stool or tripos before the proctors and tested the abilities -of the would-be graduates by arguing some question with the eldest son,' who was selected from them as their representative. To assist the latter in what was often an unequal contest, his father

tripos; and eventually the examination itself, of which they represented the results, also became known by the same designation."

I think it well to add, from Prof. Skeat's masterly Etymological Dictionary of the English Language' (second edition, 1888), the following, s.v. 'Tripod:

Tripos, an honour examination at Cambridge, so called at present because the successful candidates are arranged in three classes; but we must not forget that a tripos sometimes meant an oracle (see Johnson), and that there was formerly a certain scholar who went by the name of tripos, being otherwise called prevaricator at Cambridge or terræ filius at Oxford; he was a master of arts chosen at a commencement to make an ingenious satirical speech reflecting on the misdemeanours of members of the university, a practice which no doubt gave rise to the so-called tripos verses, i.e., facetious Latin verses printed on the back of the tripos-lists."

One would expect the spelling "tripus," which the same dictionary (p. 832, Errata and Addenda') quotes from the 'English Garner, vii. 267 (1670). In view of these authorities no other theory of the origin of the modern use of the word "tripos" need be considered.

As to the tripos verses, I learn from the next page of Mr. Ball's book that "in 1895 the proctors and moderators, without con

of the Christian Socialists, quotes a poem by Charles Kingsley which appeared in 'Politics for the People,' but "for some inscrutable reason has been omitted from the collected poems ":

OLD AND NEW: A PARABLE.

See how the autumn leaves float by, decaying,
Down hered whirls of yon rain-swollen stream;

sulting the Senate, sent in no verses, and thus, in spite of widespread regret, an interesting custom of many centuries' standing was destroyed." Modern verses of the sort in Latin, or occasionally Greek, were generally humorous, and harmless, to put the usage on the lowest level, containing references to current university topics, which the lapse of years would render of interest. I should like to see the best of them reprinted in a little volume, though I would not claim Nay! see the spring blossoms steal forth a-waying, that honour for the indifferent set I com-So, though old forms go by, ne'er can their spirit die. Clothing with tender hues orchard and glen; posed myself, at the request, if I remember Look! England's bare boughs show green leaf aright, of one of the proctors. again!

HIPPOCLIDES.

"MAN OF NOSES."-This curious name, used by the eighteenth-century writers for the soft clam, or Mya arenaria, appears to be absent from the 'N.E.D.' s.v. Man. Perhaps it can be inserted under 'Nose.' The following is from John Lawson's History of Carolina,' 1714, p. 162 :— "Man of Noses are a Shell-Fish commonly found amongst us. They are valued for increasing Vigour in Men, and making barren Women fruitful: but I think they have no Need of that Fish; for the Women in Carolina are fruitful enough without their Help."

In the Century Dictionary' the term is given only in the form maninose, and said to be "American Indian."

JAMES PLATT, Jun.

THE OLD THEATRES OF LONDON. (See ante, p. 79.)-In your review of Mr. Gomme's carefully edited volume on 'London' in "The Gentleman's Magazine Library" the authorship of the remarkable papers under the above heading is not stated; and it may, therefore, be well to mention that the pseudonym of "Eu. Hood," over which they are written, conceals the identity of Joseph Haslewood, F.S.A., the well-known literary

antiquary. The papers were originally reprinted in that scarce volume 'The Roxburghe Revels,' pp. 85-128, of which a few copies were issued for private circulation at Edinburgh in 1837, under the editorship of the late Mr. James Maidment. I have no wish to criticize the volumes on 'English Topography,' which have been reprinted under Mr. Gomme's editorial care; but a little more fullness of annotation might be desirable, especially with regard to the authorship of anonymous or pseudonymous W. F. PRIDEAUX.

articles.

INEDITED POEM BY CHARLES KINGSLEY.In a letter to The Co-operative News (8 July) Mr. J. M. Ludlow, one of the "old guard"

So fleet. eworks of men, back to their earth again,
Ancien and holy things fade like a dream.

This should have a place in 'N. & Q.'

WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

DANIEL AND PETER STUART, NEWSPAPER PROPRIETORS.-In 1897 (at 8th S. xii. 68) an inquiry was made for information concerning. these two brothers. The answer, not given in N. & Q.,' was furnished in the following year by the 'Dict. Nat. Biog.,' lv. 75-6.

To that account I am able to add a few particulars. Peter Stuart married a Miss Fisher, a native of Yorkshire, who had many friends and relations in and near the city of York. In 1813, hearing that Mr. Spence was willing to dispose of his share in The York Herald newspaper, Peter, who was no longer proprietor of The Oracle, and was then living at 85, Hatton Garden, employed Mr. D. Walker, the proprietor of The Gloucester Journal, to enter into negotiations for purchase, of which, however, nothing came.

Daniel Stuart's second son, Edward, the first vicar of St. Mary Magdalene's, Munster Square, 1852, was a well-known leader of the Catholic revival in the Church of England, and a man of marked character. He died in 1877, and was buried in the family vault in Willesden Churchyard. The most complete account of him is in The Durham University Journal, xvi. 182 (14 July last). W. C. B.

FOOTPATHS. (See ante, p. 80.)—I was mightily pleased, as Pepys would doubtless say, with the paragraph concerning footpaths contained in the review at the above reference. I have always had a great love and reverence for these field and meadow paths, and one of my most cherished cuttings is an essay by Thomas Miller on Our Old English Commons, Bridle Roads, and Free Footpaths';. vide The Illustrated London News of 15 September, 1866. One rarely finds such rich intellectual treats as this in the newspapers. of the present day; they will bear many a reperusal, and are worthy of careful storage.

When I returned to my native village, after long years of exile in London, I was speedily