(Edinburgh, Robert Lekprevik, 1566) is given will probably be able to give me the wishedby Mr. J. P. Edmond (Annals of Scottish for information. F. E. LANDOLPHE. Printing,' p. 230) on the authority of McCrie 'Life of Knox,' 1855, p. 3), but no copy has been traced. Information is desired as to the whereabouts of copies of the first and fourth editions. P. J. ANDERSON. University Library, Aberdeen. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED:Last eve I paused beside a blacksmith's door, And heard the ringing anvil's vesper chime. In which of Mrs. E. B. Browning's works do these lines occur? She never found fault with you, never implied Your Wrong by her Right; and yet men at her side Grew nobler, girls purer. Love that groweth unto faith; Love that seeth over death; Love that, with his longing eyes, Looks on into Paradise. A. B. R. A. POTTS. The tombs of McClean and McLeod, They lie in the cloud and the rain, 264, Worple Road, Wimbledon. OMAR KHAYYAM.-What books can be read analyzing and critically animadverting on the 'Rubáiyat' of Omar Khayyam? A. W. [The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam,' translated by Edward FitzGerald, with a commentary by H. M. Batson, and a biographical introduction by E. D. Ross (Methuen, 1900), will be found useful. A bibliography of the subject and notes appear in the French translation in verse by Fernand Henry (Paris, J. Maisonneuve, 1903.] CEREMONY AT RIPON.-Wilfrid, the founder and first Abbot of Ripon, was exiled in A.D. 678, but was allowed to return ten years afterwards. He died at Oundle, and was buried at Ripon. This return from exile seems to have been commemorated by the inhabitants, for in a little book published in 1801 we are told : "On the Saturday following Lammas-day, the effigy of St. Wilfrid is brought into the Town, with great ceremony, the inhabitants go out to meet it, with a band of music, &c."-"Tourist's Guide to Ripon,' p. 5. Can any one tell me when this ceremony was discontinued? AYEAHR. FIRST NATIONAL ANTHEM.-I am very desirous of knowing whether there was a national anthem before God save the King.' If so, what was it under Elizabeth and in the days of the Stuarts? Your valuable paper FAME. Is the correct representation a woman in flowing garments floating through the air, blowing a trumpet. and holding a wreath? Can you kindly inform me? H. J. BARKER. [In 'Samson Agonistes' Dalila says 'THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH.'-Charles Reade, in the concluding sentences of this novel, has some words in praise of Erasmus. He says, for example, "Some of the best scenes in this new book are from his mediæval pen, and illumine the pages where they come." Can any reader of N. & Q.' say what particular scenes of the novel are here referred to, and what are the parallels in the works of Erasmus? W. B. ITALY 66 A GEOGRAPHICAL EXPRESSION.' -Mr. Justin McCarthy in his 'Reign of Queen Anne' writes (chap. iii.) that, at the time that sovereign came to the throne, "Italy was divided among various lords and masters, and indeed her very name was only, as Metternich long after declared it to be, a geographical definition." But was not the phrase" geographical expression" and when and where did Metternich first use it? POLITICIAN. pedigree of the Denny family and elseDENNY FAMILY.-In Lodge's excellent where it is stated that Robert, sixth son of Sir Edmond Denny, Baron of the Exand having died (apparently unmarried) chequer, was born on 13 December, 1501, was buried in St. Mary's Undershaft, London. He is not mentioned in his father's will, 1520, from which it would seem probable that he was then dead. In the Denny pedigree in the Visitation of Norfolk, 1563 and 1613,' Harl. MS. 1552, this Robert Denny is described as having been buried in St. Andrew's Undershaft, and to have married, and had a son Thomas Denny, "buried by his father." Evidently he had been confused with a Sir Robert Dennie, in St. Andrew's in 1421 (Speed's 'Survey of Knt., who, with Thomas his son, was buried London'). But to the original MS. of the Visitation an addition has been made, in a different ink, by an apparently later hand. This gives as wife to Robert Denny" Frances, dau. Trigham [or Tresham], Esq., of co. Northants," and makes him have a second son William, who, by a Barney of Reedham, to go three times round the brideNorfolk, had Thomas and Syndrack Denny, groom, and he three times round her. At who left numerous issue. This whole pedi- Konz, on the Moselle, and at Trier, it was an gree, addition and all, is printed in the old custom till lately to carry a large wheel, Harleian Society's Visitation of Norfolk.' enveloped in straw, on Midsummer Eve to I should be much obliged for any evidence the top of the hill, set it on fire, and roll it either corroborating or disproving this inter- down into the Moselle to procure luck for polated descent. I am myself inclined to the harvest (Scribner). A Roman mosaic think that this unconsidered younger son, floor at Morton, near Brading, Isle of Wight, Robert Denny, has been made by some shows a bearded astrologer, seated, near a enterprising genealogist a peg whereupon wheel on a column, with a globe, brazier, to hang a pedigree. rod, and cup (Price, 'Guide to the Roman Villa,' 1881, pp. 20, 23). Meant for Hip6, Wilton Terrace, Dublin. parchus? On the Antonine column at Rome are seen Germans throwing wheels from their ramparts upon Roman soldiers ('Cassell's Historical Educator,' 1854, vol. i. p. 370). Apuleius, speaking of the mysteries of Isis, says the sacred formula contained "marks of notes, intricately knotted, revolving in the manner of a wheel, Metamorphosis,' lib. ii." (Hurd, Warburton's 'Divine Legation,' 1847, vol. ii. p. 200). (Rev.) H. L. L. DENNY. Beylies. WHEEL AS A SYMBOL IN RELIGION. (10th S. iv. 167.) The wheel of Ezekiel evidently symbolized Providence, and from it we have our splendid wheel windows, as in Westminster Abbey transepts. The proper number of spokes seems to have been twelve, with the twelve signs of the zodiac between them, as at St. Augustine's, Paris, St. Denis, &c. On the screen top in St. Agnes', Kennington, are two large wheels. In Westminster Cathedral the wheels are sculptured on the column capitals. Many wheels are on the religious Buddhistic sculptures, from an Indian tope, on the grand staircase in the British Museum. D. M. J. IN Greek temples the wheel was placed as an emblem of the sun. It was borrowed from Egypt. The sacred cakes of the Greeks were impressed with a wheel. It is on an Italian vase of archaic Greek style (Birch, 'Catalogue of Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum'). It is found on coins of Thrace and Boeotia (Head, 'Greek Coins '), and on coins of Agrigentum and Lucria (Head, 'Historia Numismatica'). The wheel emblem was also used by the Romans. It appears on coins of Alba Fucintis, Umbria, and Etruria (Head, 'Hist. Num.'); also on coins of the Calpurnia Gens, c. B. C. 89, and of Massila (Babelon, 'Mo. Con.'). It is found on Egyptian Gnostic gems, one form being a griffin rolling a wheel. The Scandinavian god Seator's emblem is a wheel. The Saxon god of the sun had a wheel of fire. It is found in the car of Juggernaut. Buddha is king of the wheel, and is called the divine wheel, the precious wheel of religion (Scribner's Magazine, 1881, vol. xxii.). It is found on Gaulish coins before B.C. 350 (Head). Seator or Saturn held the wheel in his hand, as so engraved (Saturday Magazine, vol. iv. p. 240). A coin of the British king Tasciovanus has a chariot-wheel on it (Knight, Old England,' vol. i.). At Urswick, Fur: ness, is a Druidical stone structure in the form of a wheel, 250 ft. in diameter, with a central circular nave and nine irregular spokes (Archæologia, vol. xxxi. p. 449). ture of a Buddhist wheel with the mystic The wheel does not occur in Louisa Twinchattah over it is in India (Scribner). The ing's 'Symbols and Emblems of Christian wheel as a religious symbol arose from Art,' one of the best authorities upon that the course of the sun. Joshua went round subject. But a cherub standing upon a Jericho, probably with the sun. The wheel may be seen in the fifteenth-century Jews are said to march seven times painted-glass south window of the anteround their coffined dead; and the bride chapel at New College, Oxford. Husenbeth, A sculp The wheel is essentially a purely mystical symbol, which has been adopted in some form in most religions. The wheels of Ezekiel are typical. The Wheel of Fortune, the tenth of the Tarot Trumps, is the conscious or unconscious begetter of many symbolic wheels. The cross within a circle of the Rosicrucians is a wheel. The rose " windows in cathedral churches are wheels. The circle, a symbol of eternity, is a wheel. All have mystic meanings-meanings derived from what may be called the bed-rock of religious and unnecessary, to the multitude. feeling. But those meanings are unknown, E. E. STREET. in 'Emblems of Saints' (third edition, 1882), of Elsdon, a village situated near Morpeth, quotes the following canonized persons Northumberland. It appears that a little who have the wheel for their symbol: over a century ago a man named William SS. Catherine, Donatus, Euphemia, Encratida, Quintin, and Willigis. In Parker's Glossary of Terms' (1869), under Window,' we read :— "An elegant form, not uncommon in cathedrals and large churches in the Middle Ages, is called a rose window. It is circular, the mullions converging towards the centre, like the spokes of a wheel; hence the name Catherine or wheel window, sometimes given to it." HARRY HEMS. Fair Park, Exeter. Since the martyrdom of St. Catherine, who was put to death by torture on a revolving wheel for her public confession of Christianity, the wheel has been generally regarded as an emblem of a continuous faith. I have also heard it described as the emblem of a steadfast faith, throwing out a radiancy of brightness by its revolutions in the midst of darkness and doubt; hence the wheel windows in our churches and the catherine-wheel fireworks, formerly so popular at village church festivals. Dr. Brewer gives the wheel as the emblem of several saints in addition to St. Catherine. Mr. Arthur Young, in his 'Axial-Polarity of Man's Word-Embodied-Ideas and its Teachings' (Kegan Paul & Co., 1887), draws up a system of philosophy which is described throughout by means of diagrams of wheels. The axis of the diagram wheel bears the name of a central idea; the spokes, the qualities connected with it; and the outer circle those evolved from the connexion, the direction of the revolution being indicated by means of arrows certainly an ingenious adaptation of the Christian emblem to the evolution of Positivist ideas. As the Winter, a broom maker and hawker, together with some women of the gang to which he belonged, murdered an old woman named Margaret Crozier at a place called the Raw, near Elsdon. The circumstantial evidence upon which Winter was convicted lay chiefly in the fact that Robert Hindmarsh, a shepherd boy, had noticed and counted the number and curious arrangement of the nails in his shoes, and had also been struck by the shape of the knife with which he was eating his lunch in the sheepfold on the day preceding that of the murder. description given by Hindmarsh of the peculiar arrangement of the nails corresponded with that of the footprints discovered on the scene of the murder, Winter was arrested. After lying in Newcastle Jail for about a year, he and his accomplices were tried and condemned. They were hung upon the Town Moor, Winter confessing his guilt. The body of the murderer was then carried to Elsdon Moor, and hung in chains on the gibbet which overlooks the scene of the murder and can be seen from a long distance around. As the body dropped to pieces the shepherds buried the fragments on the moor, and when it had entirely disappeared a frightful effigy in wood was hung up to remind the country-side of the murderer's doom. This, too, in the course of time fell to pieces; and now the figure of a Moor's head, erected by the late Sir Walter Trevelyan, dangles in its place. W. B. GERISH. Bishop's Stortford. On the Old North Road (Ermyne Street), about one mile north of the village of Caxton, and a few yards south of the junction with the road from Cambridge to St. Neots, in a bleak and lonely spot, Caxton Gibbet is still to be seen. E. W. B. About the middle of the eighteenth century three men who robbed the North mail near the Chevin, over against Belper, were all executed and hung in chains on one gibbet on the top of the mountain, and it is recorded that a friendly hand set fire one night to the gibbet, which, with all three bodies well satuonly the irons and chains remaining. (The rated with pitch, was burnt to ashes, leaving Antiquary, November, 1890, quoted in Hanging in Chains,' by Albert Hartshorne, 1891, p. 83.) At the beginning of the last century the stone platform whereon the Halifax gibbet was erected was still standing in quarrel Christie acted as the friend of Lockthe neighbourhood of the present Gibbet hart. The duel, the evidence at the coroner's Lane, and the ахе was for a long inquest, and the trial of Christie at the Old time preserved in the house of the lord's Bailey, when a verdict of "Not guilty" was bailiff (J. S. Fletcher's Picturesque York- returned, will be found described at length shire'). Parts of the irons which were used in "The History of Duelling,' by J. G. in the execution of the highwayman Spence Milligen (1841), ii. 244-52. Broughton, on Attercliffe Common in 1792, T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D. are still preserved at Doddington Hall, near Lincoln. This was again in Gibbet Lane; and there was a Gibbet Lane near Saxilby, in Lincolnshire. The Halifax gibbet is now preserved in the museum of the Society of Antiquaries, Edinburgh. Salterton, Devon. This duel is noticed in Walford and Thorn bury's Old and New London,' 1875 (i. 64), A full report of the trial and evidence of the witnesses would be given in the Old Bailey Session Papers,' from 1730 to 1834, in 116 vols., which may be consulted in the Corporation Library, Guildhall, E.C. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. By far the best account of the whole circumstances of this duel was contributed by Mr. J. F. George to The Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 9 December, 1903. I once wrote an account of the affair to The Scots Observer. J. M. BULLOCH. Mr. Hartshorne, in consequence of the rarity of representations of gibbets, thought it desirable to mention examples in the works of Thomas Bewick, 'British Birds,' edit. 1832, vol. i. In a tail-piece to the account of the Alpine vulture, p. 53, a gibbet is shown in the distance; and in five other tail-pieces gibbets are represented in the distance. Mr. Hartshorne distinguishes the gallows, as the thing upon which men suffer, from the gibbet, the object on which they are set forth. Hence to gibbet a person by calling attention to delinquencies. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. FRENCH REVOLUTION POTTERY (10th S. iv. MR. SOUTHAM will find a full report of the 228).-See Catalogue of Musée Carnavalet duel, the trial, and verdict in The Gentle(Ville de Paris), where there is a fine collec-man's Magazine for March and April, 1821. tion of this well-known earthenware. There The extracts would be too long for the pages enormous numbers of series of this of N. & Q.,' but should MR. SOUTHAM care pottery, for no other was in use in Revo- to drop me a line, I should be very pleased lutionary France. to copy out and forward the story. are D. About the beginning of August last I saw in a curiosity-shop window at Christchurch, Bournemouth, close by the old Priory church, a small collection of similar plates with these revolutionary mottoes in French, and I remember wondering how they came to be for sale in such an old-world quiet corner of England. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. [MR. A. R. BAYLEY and MR. R. PIERPOINT also refer to the Musée Carnavalet.] HERBERT B. CLAYTON. J. H. CHRISTIE (10th S. iv. 189).-The duel between J. H. Christie and J. Scott took "THE SCREAMING SKULL" (10th S. iv. 107, place on 16 February, 1821, in a field between 194).-MR. MARTIN, in referring to the Chalk Farm" Tavern and Primrose Hill." screaming skull of Warbleton Priory, Scott received a wound, from the effects of Sussex, asks if this be the only instance of a which he died on the following 3 March." screaming skull" known in England. In The cause of the quarrel was a series of articles which appeared in The London Magazine, of which Scott was the avowed editor, discussing the conduct and management of Blackwood's Magazine, which its editor, J. G. Lockhart, regarded as offensive to his feelings and injurious to his honour. In all the attendant circumstances relating to the my work on 'The Haunted Homes and Family Traditions of Great Britain' he will find some kindred legends, especially of the well-known "screaming skull" of Bettiscombe House, near Bridport, Dorset. Miss Garnett, accompanied by her father, Dr. Richard Garnett, visited and personally inspected the Bettiscombe skull in August, 1883, and kindly furnished me the very interesting aable; 2 and 3, Argent, three brands account of it which appears in the above- raguly, fired proper; on an escutcheon of named work. In Historic Romance' pretence, Argent, a human leg, couped at the Mr. William Andrews devotes a chapter to thigh, in allusion to the descent from Cilmyn 'Skull Superstitions,' and therein alludes to Droed Ddu-Cilmyn with the black leg. the subject of "screaming skulls." J. H. INGRAM. I can record a comparatively modern instance of these unaccountable disturbances, though unfortunately unable to give the precise date, and our Editor wisely expects chapter and verse to be given in the book of the chronicles of N. & Q' Some years since the household of Mr. Gladwyn Jebb, the great traveller, was much disturbed by nocturnal noises. These were supposed to arise from an idol which had been looted from an Aztec city, and had witnessed cruel and bloody sacrifices. At length it was got rid of, and the unearthly noises ceased. I mentioned this to a friend in Oxford on my seeing on the staircase of his house a Chinese idol. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. PHILIPPA SWINNERTON HUGHES. 91, Albert Bridge Road, S. W. McQuillin is the English, and MacUidhilin or MacUighilin the Gaelic orthography, Uidhilin or Uighilin being popularly supposed to mean Llewelyn. In O'Donovan's edition of the 'Four Masters,' under the year 1310, the legendary account of the origin of this family is quoted from Duald MacFirbis, viz., that its founder, who was of Dalriad descent, passed over into Wales, where his posterity remained until about the year 1172, when a branch of them returned and settled in the same county (Antrim) from which their ancestor had emigrated centuries before. JAS. PLATT, Jun. De Bourgo is mentioned several times in Campbell's 'O'Connor's Child,' and there is reference both to De Bourgo and to De Courcy in the notes to that poem : on a memorable occasion, viz., when Walter de Bourgo, an ancestor of that De Bourgo who won the battle of Athunree, had become so insolent as to make excessive demands upon the territories of Connaught." "The house of O'Connor had a right to boast of their victories over the English. It was a chief of the O'Connor race who gave a check to the English champion, De Courcy, so famous for his personal ST. SWITHIN. streugth, and for cleaving a helmet at one blow of his sword, in the presence of the Kings of France QUILLIN OR QUILLAN: NAME AND ARMS and England, when the French champion declined the combat with him. Though ultimately con(10th S. iv. 206).-Llyn Cwellyn is the largest quered by the English under De Bourgo, the lake on the road from Beddgellert to Car-O'Connors had also humbled the pride of that name narvon. At the upper end stood the house of Cae-uwch-y-Llyn, the Fort above the Lake, which, by contraction, forms Cwellyn. This was once the residence of the Quellyns, a family supposed to be extinct. In my late husband's collection of North Wales pedigrees I find the pedigree of Quellyn of Quellyn, ending with Philip Quellyn, 1766, who had a son. His Christian name is not given, but he is stated to have died without issue. The Quellyns, originally Williamses of Quellyn, changed their patronymic, and called themselves, after their estate, Quellyns of Quellyn. This was done by some other Welsh families for instance, Branas of Branas, Crogan of Crogan, Anwyl of Anwyl, &c., in order to distinguish themselves from the Williamses, Morgans, Lloyds, Hugheses, and Joneses all round. The Quellyns derived from Griffith, the brother of Hwlkyn Lloyd, ancestor of the family of Glynn of Glynlyffon, co. Carnarvon, sons of Tudor Goch, descended from Cilmyn Droed Ddu. The arms are the same as those of Glynn of Glynlyffon-viz., Quarterly, 1 and 4, Argent, an eagle displayed "The greatest effort ever made by the ancient Irish to regain their native independence was made at the time when they called over the brother of brother to the Earl of Ulster, and Richard de Robert Bruce from Scotland. William de Bourgo, Bermingham, were sent against the main body of the native insurgents, who were headed rather than commanded by Felim O'Connor. The important battle, which decided the subjection of Ireland, took place on 10 August, 1315.” E. YARDLEY. THE GREYFRIARS BURIAL-GROUND (10th S. iv. 205). The interesting discovery noted by MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS is of some topographical importance. I know of no contemporary record that mentions a graveyard as attached to the Friary, and yet it is impossible that the large number of friars and dependents who belonged to the foundation during the three hundred years of its existence could have all been buried inside the church. Mr. J. Gough Nichols, in his preface to the 'Chronicle of the Grey Friar |