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Factory, Sugar Loaf Court, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Of all Stationers. Stickphast Paste sticks. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1905. CONTENTS.-No. 81. NOTES:- Montaigne, Webster, and Marston, 41-The Charles I.'s Execution, 46. Mint at Leeds, Yorkshire-Benson Earle Hill-The Horse ferry, Westminster, 51-Carnegie: its Pronunciation Sarah Curran, Robert Emmet, and Major Sirr, 52-Rates in Aid, 53- Academy of the Muses-" Pop goes the weasel," 54- Badges - Bishops' Signatures-William Shelley, 55-Pictures of the Old and New Testaments '-Conyers-Local Records-John Hazlitt and Samuel Sharwood-Pictures inspired by Music, 57. I take no delight in proving that Webster was a wholesale borrower of the good things in other men's work, and could wish that my present task were confined to showing up the plagiary of Marston or of some other author whose work I am too dull to appreciate at its proper value. Webster generally puts what he borrows to noble uses; but Marston is one of those men of whom Ben Jonson said "that they are born only to suck out the poison of books." If Webster sows vice, he sows it with the hand, but Marston scatters it broadcast and with the basket. Adolphe Belot - Music t. Louis XIV., 46-Chaucer and the English Universities The Lovers, 1683-Izard- Edward and Ellen-Jennings of Soddylt Hall-Gastrell and Shakespeare's Home -English Ancestry of General Grant, 47-Pleshey Fortifications-"Love in phantastick triumph sat"- Cromwell House, Highgate-Ythancæster, Essex-Maneis: Mayne -"Fostell," "Foslett"-Bishop Cox of Ely, 48-"Nadgairs"- Hogarth-Paul Family-William Mason's PorAs John Florio's translation was entered traits-Coryat's Crudities -Shakespeare's Vocabulary, 49. at Stationers' Hall so early as 1599, and REPLIES: - "Concerts of Antient Music." 49 - The published in 1603, little or no value can be Streets of London'-John Rolt Nixon-Resp., 50-attached to its evidence as regards the date of The White Devil,' believed to have been written in the winter of 1611-12, or of 'The Duchess of Malfi,' which was certainly not in its present form before 1612. All that I can prove is that Florio's book in its entirety was known to Webster before he wrote either of his plays. Now, this fact is rather interesting, because Sidney's 'Arcadia,' which afforded so much material for The Duchess of Malfi,' was, so far as I can gather, a sealed book to Webster when he wrote "The White Devil.' 'The Arcadia,' or its influence, can be traced in The Devil's Law-Case' and 'A have vainly searched for a trace of Sidney's Monumental Column,' as I proved; but I book in 'The White Devil.' The inference I draw is that Webster wrote the latter play before he became possessed of a copy of "The Arcadia,' and, consequently, this negative bit of testimony bears out the received opinion that The White Devil' is an earlier work than The Duchess of Malfi.' NOTES ON BOOKS:-New English Dictionary '-' Four- Obituary:-Mr. F. M. Jackson. Notes. MONTAIGNE, WEBSTER, AND MARSTON: DR. DONNE AND WEBSTER. THIS series of articles is intended principally to show the influence of Florio's translation of the essays of Montaigne on Webster in the composition of The White Devil' and 'The Duchess of Malfi,' and therefore it is really a continuation of the series I wrote for N. & Q' on Sir Philip Sidney and Webster, the first of which appeared at 10th S. ii. 221. But on account of the repetition of certain matter in 'The White Devil' that had appeared previously in Marston's 'The Fawn,' I have had to turn aside and examine the latter play, because it is assumed that Webster copied Marston. My inquiries have been rewarded with a larger measure of success than I could have hoped for, and now I am in a position to prove that not only did Webster and Marston obtain the repeated matter, independently of each other, from Montaigne, but that both dramatists are under a very heavy debt of obligation to Florio's translation of the essays. As regards Dr. Donne, I rely upon his evidence to fix a nearer date for 'The Duchess of Malfi' than has as yet been claimed for it with any show of probability. But, if the evidence of Florio is not very helpful in the dating of Webster's work, it is certainly of some value when applied to the work of Marston. Is not it of interest to know that these essays, which were published in 1603, are copied over and over again in 'The Dutch Courtezan,' 1605, 'The Fawn,' 1606, and 'Sophonisba,' published in the same year? I will now deal with some of the less valuable evidence that has come into my hands reserving more important matter for future papers of this series; and I shall mingle the parallels with Montaigne in Webster and Marston as a preliminary in proof of my statement that both dramatists copied from The editions I quote from are Prof. Henry Florio's book_independently of each other. Morley's reprint of Florio's " Dyce's 'Webster,' and Mr. Bullen's 'Marston." Montaigne,' I will give page and column as well as other references for the Montaigne and Webster quotations. In a very interesting chapter of his book Montaigne relates instances of the callousness displayed by some men when about to be executed-the torments they were about to suffer, and the dread paraphernalia of the scaffold, being insufficient to prevent them from uttering words of jest, and laughing One who was led to the gallowes, desired it might not be thorow such a street, for feare a Merchant should set a Serjant on his backe for an old debt......Another answered his confessor, who promised him he should sup that night with our Saviour in heaven, "Go thither yourselfe to supper, for I use to fast a nights."-Book i. c. xl. p. 117, col. 2. Marston makes capital use of these two stories :- Officer. On afore there! room for the prisoners! Mulligrub. I pray you do not lead me to execution through Cheapside. I owe Master Burnish, the goldsmith, money, and I fear he'll set a sergeant on my back for it. Cocledemoy. O, sir, have a good stomach and maws; you shall have a joyful supper. Mulligrub. In troth I have no stomach to it; and it please you, take away my trencher; I use to fast at nights. The Dutch Courtezan,' V. iii. 67-81. Montaigne does not approve of the conduct of those who in the pursuit of pleasure are rash and headlong in enjoying it : Nor do we our selves gaine much by it: for as the world is divided into foure parts, so for foure faire tender stomack, as are those of mine age, one ill ones we must kisse fiftie foule: and to a nice or kisse doth surpay one good.-Book iii. c. v. p. 449, col. 1. Crispinella...my stomach o' late stands against kissing extremely. Beatrice. Why, good Crispinella? Crisp. By the faith and trust I bear to my face, 'tis grown one of the most unsavoury ceremonies: body o' beauty! 'tis one of the most unpleasing injurious customs to ladies: any fellow that has but one nose on his face, and standing collar and skirts also lined with taffety sarcenet, must salute us on the lips as familiarly-Soft skins save us! there was a stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden's face saluted me last day and struck his bristles through my lips; I ha' spent ten shillings in pomatum since to skin them again. Marry, if a nobleman or a knight with one lock visit us, though his unclean goose-turd-green teeth ha' the palsy, his nostrils smell worse than a putrified marrowbone, and his loose beard drops into our bosom, yet we must kiss him with a cursy, a curse !-The Dutch Courtezan,' III. i. 7-24. A young man demanded of the Philosopher Panetius, whether it would beseeme a wise man to be in love; let wise men alone (quoth he), &c. Book iii. c. v. p. 454, col. 1. Malheureux. May it beseem a wise man to be in love? Freevill. Let wise men alone, 'twill beseem theeand me well enough. - 'The Dutch Courtezan,' II. i. 98-100. Hee that could dine with the smoke of roste meat, might he not dine at a cheape rate? would The more steps and degrees there are, the more he not soon bee rich ?-Book iii. c. v. p. 448, col. 2. delight and honour is there on the top. And in the same column he says: I wot not who in ancient time wished his throat were as long as a cranes neck that so hee might the longer and more leasurely taste what he swallowed.-Book iii. c. v. p. 448, col. 2. Thus in Marston :— Free. O friend, he that could live with the smoke of roast-meat might live at a cheap rate! The Dutch Courtezan,' II. i. 110-11. I will vary matters now by a few quotations from Webster. Montaigne says of marriage : It may be compared to a cage, the birds without Franceschina. You sall not gulp down all delights dispaire to get in, and those within dispaire to get at once. No, no, I'll make you chew your pleasure vit love; Go, little vag, pleasure should have a crane's 'The Dutch Courtezan,' V. i. 28-37. The saying of Montaigne is paralleled in the same play, I. i. 126; and again in Sophonisba, III. i. 176-80, the latter adding matter in Montaigne which is omitted from 'The Dutch Courtezan.' out.-Book iii. c. v. p. 433, col. 1. Webster applies the figure to cases of. illicit love : Flamineo...'tis just like a summer bird-cage in agarden; the birds that are without despair to get in, and the birds that are within despair, and are in a consumption, for fear they shall never get out. -The White Devil,' 11. 131-5, p. 7, col. 1. Man's senses often deceive him, and causehim to receive impressions which he knows to be false. Amongst other instances Montaigne cites the case of the eyes:— When we winke a little with our eye, wee perceive the bodies we looke upon to seeme longer and outstretched. altered by the passions of the mind or by Our senses, too, are oftentimes dulled and disease of the body : Such as are troubled with the yellow jandisedeeme all things they looke upon to be yellowish,. |