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the Church, after the death of Mr. Hunt, that they were conducted by Smith, so that, with Hariot and Governor White on the island of Roanoak, he was one of the first lay-readers in the American Church. There is abundant evidence in the history of these events, that Smith was a man of earnest religious character, and of enlightened zeal in behalf of the Church of Christ. His pamphlet to the "unexperienced Planters," abounds with just and pious sentiments. He says, in reference to his sufferings in Virginia:

"Though I have my labour for my paines, have I not much reason both privately and publicly to acknowledge it and give God thankes, whose Omnipotent power only delivered me to doe the utmost of my best to make His name knowne in those remote parts of the world, and his loving mercy to such a miserable sinner." He then exhorts his countrymen to go on in the work of planting new countries, in these terms. "Seeing wee are not born for ourselves, but each to helpe other, and our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and minute of our death: seeing our good deeds or bad, by faith in Christ's merits, is all wee have to carry our souls to heaven or hell, and seeing we would by no means be abated of the dignitie and glorie of our predecessors, let us imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors."

He then discourses in the same work of the "miserable effects of factions in religion."

"He, that will truly consider the greatnesse of the Turk's Empire here in Christendome, shall finde the naturall Turkes are generally of one religion, and the Christians in so many divisions and opinions, that they are among themselves worse enemies than the Turks, whose dis-joyntedness hath given him that opportunity to command so many hundred thousand of Christians as he doth, where had they been constant to one God, one Christ, and one Church, Christians might have been more able to have commanded as many Turkes, as now the Turkes doe poore miserable Christians."

That amid all his hardships and perils he did not lay aside his devotional habits, is shewn from the following entry in his journal of explorations into the interior.

"Our order was daily to have Prayer with a Psalm, at which solemnity the poor savages much wondered; our Prayers being done,

* Advertisements for the unexperienced Planters, &c., by John Smith.

awhile they were busied with a consultation till they had contrived their business." And so, later on in the history of events, when Smith was elevated to the office of President, the very next sentence after that which records his election says, with no little significance, "Now the building of Ratcliffe's (the former President's,) Pallace stayed as a thing needless, and the Church was repaired."

Too much credit can hardly be given to Smith for the brave and true part which he took in this trying work. He is generally regarded as a man, who was ever ready for the most perilous undertakings, and whose skill and courage never failed him in any emergency,-a rough and reckless adventurer, whose virtues were most conspicuous in his encounters with the Indians, and in his power to overawe the turbulent and rebellious spirits with whom he was associated. This, however, is a very low and imperfect estimate of his character. According to the testimony of some of his own soldiers and fellowadventurers,

"He made justice his first guide and experience his second. He hated baseness, sloth, pride, and indignity more than any danger. He would suffer want rather than borrow, and starve sooner than not pay. He loved action more than words, and hated covetousness worse than death. He was a soldier of the true old English stamp, who fought not for gain or empty praise, but for his country's honour and the public good. Notwithstanding his stern and invincible resolution, there was seldom seen a milder or more tender heart than his was. He had nothing in him counterfeit or sly, but was open, honest, and sincere, and there was never known a soldier before him, so free from those military vices of wine, tobacco, debts, dice and oaths."*

This tribute coming from his contemporaries and companions must be received as true, and while his name will ever be associated with American history, there will be not a few, glad to remember that over and above all things else he was a devout Churchman.

As has been already stated, this little Colony did not pass their first Winter in their new home before the humble little Church in which they worshipped daily, was burnt down, together with the greater part of their thatched dwellings, which

*Stith, p. 112.

seemed but to invite the ravages of fire. The storehouse, which contained all their corn and other provisions, together with their clothing and arms was also consumed, and the whole Colony left in a state of the greatest destitution. One of the chief sufferers by this disaster was Mr. Hunt, of whom the following mention is made:

"Good Master Hunt, our Preacher, lost all his librarie, and all that hee had but the clothes on his back, yet none ever saw him repine at his losse. Upon any alarme he would be as readie for defence as any; and, till he could not speake, he never ceased to do his utmost to animate us constantly to persist; whose soule questionlesse is with God."*

The next Spring, however, had no sooner opened, than they began to rebuild the Church, together with repairing the palisades, planting the corn fields, and recovering the storehouse. After this we have no more distinct traces of the ministration of the Rev. Mr. Hunt. In 1608 the first English women came to this Colony, (Mrs. Forest and her maid Anne Burras,) and before the close of the year, the latter was married to John Laydon. This first Christian marriage is supposed to have been performed by Mr. Hunt, but for this we have nothing but conjecture. It is evident that this devoted servant of God, the first Minister of the Church of England whose feet ever pressed our soil, found here an early resting place from all his toils. The scanty records of those times give us no information concerning his death, or of the manner and place of his burial. No man knoweth of his sepulchre to this day. But if our thoughts love to turn sometimes to the earthly resting places of Martyrs and Confessors, it might be pardonable to desire to know something more of that first grave that was hollowed out in American soil, in which to lay an ambassador of the Cross. We are told that the encroachments of the river have already made an Island of the Peninsula upon which Jamestown stood. All the remains of its past history are the broken walls of an old tower, and the crumbling gravestones that hardly show themselves through the moss and mould of centuries. Like the past years of time that have

* Purchas, in Anderson, Vol. I, p. 181.

VOL. XIV.NO. 1.

9*

covered up the memories and the virtues of those pioneers of the Church, the waters of the Powhatan have already overflowed and hidden from view a large portion of the old town, and will soon engulf the tower and graveyard, and every memorial of the past, unless some reverential hand stay their ruthless flow. And yet there, in some unknown and unhonored grave, lie the ashes of the first Son of Levi that made this New World his home, and that laid the first foundations of that Spiritual Temple which we trust is yet to be a praise in all the earth. Let no American Churchman then fail to do honor to the name and memory of ROBERT HUNT.

As we are chiefly concerned with the religious history of this Colony, here we may properly end our first Chapter. After Mr. Hunt, the next Minister was Mr. Bucke, who although he sailed from England in May, 1609, did not reach Virginia till the same month in the following year. The vessel, in which he and his companions embarked under Gates, the Lieutenant Governor, was wrecked on the shores of the dreaded Bermudas, and several months passed before they were enabled to set sail again for Virginia. They arrived at Jamestown, only to find there a miserable remnant of their countrymen, in a state of the greatest suffering and destitution. Of the five hundred men left in the Colony by Smith, only sixty now remained. Disease and famine had done a dreadful work, and in a few days more not a single survivor would have been found to tell their sad story. A new and enlarged charter had now been granted to the company, and the work of colonization was resumed with great spirit and energy, with special provision for its religious interests, in the history of which we shall find much to claim our attention.

ART. V.-UNIVERSITY OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CANADA.

1.-Letter of the Lord Bishop of Huron to the Clerical and Lay Members of the Executive Committee of his Diocese. August, 1860.

2.-Two Letters to the Lord Bishop of Toronto in reply to charges brought by the Lord Bishop of Huron against the Theological teaching of Trinity College, Toronto. September and November, 1860.

3.-Rise and Progress of Trinity College, Toronto, with a Sketch of the Life of the Lord Bishop of Toronto, as connected with Church Education in Canada. By HENRY MELVILLE, M.D. Toronto, 1852.

LOOKING round upon the world in the grandeur of the picture it presents, we shall be affected by two opposite feelings. We shall have wonder and exultation on the one hand, and not a little of regret and mortification on the other. The mere citizen of the world may well feel pride and triumph in. contrasting with the achievements of past ages, the gigantic advancement exhibited in the present generation. The march of intellect, as evinced in the discoveries of recent times,—in the application to practical purposes of principles scarcely unfolded a few years since,-may well put to shame the highest boasting of the best era of science in past ages. Perhaps, too, in a philanthropic point of view,-as regards the actual welfare of the human race,—the advancement of science and art may afford higher grounds for wonder and congratulation. For it may with confidence be affirmed that the effect of recent discoveries and improvements has been to diffuse more generally amongst mankind the benefits and bounties of Divine Providence. New fields of labor and of enterprise have thus been opened, and opportunity afforded to many of acquiring independence and comfort, who formerly were well nigh shut out from the hope of either.

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